Social media refers to online platforms and tools that enable users to create, share, and exchange information, ideas, and content in virtual communities and networks. These platforms have revolutionized the way people communicate, interact, and consume information. Here are some key aspects and descriptions of social media:
Non-Financial Information and Firm Risk Non-Financial Information and Firm RiskAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to examine how ESG disclosure and risk disclosure affect the total risk of
companies. Using cross section data from 355 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, data regarding
ESG disclosure and risk was collected. In this research, ESG and risk disclosures are measured based on content
analysis using GRI 4 guidelines for ESG disclosures and COSO ERM for risk disclosures. Using multiple
regression, it is concluded that only risk disclosure can reduce the company's total risk, while ESG disclosure
cannot affect the company's total risk. This shows that only risk disclosure is relevant in determining a
company's total risk.
KEYWORDS: ESG disclosure, risk disclosure, firm risk
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“To be integrated is to feel secure, to feel connected.” The views and experi...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Although a significant amount of literature exists on Morocco's migration policies and their
successes and failures since their implementation in 2014, there is limited research on the integration of subSaharan African children into schools. This paperis part of a Ph.D. research project that aims to fill this gap. It
reports the main findings of a study conducted with migrant children enrolled in two public schools in Rabat,
Morocco, exploring how integration is defined by the children themselves and identifying the obstacles that they
have encountered thus far. The following paper uses an inductive approach and primarily focuses on the
relationships of children with their teachers and peers as a key aspect of integration for students with a migration
background. The study has led to several crucial findings. It emphasizes the significance of speaking Colloquial
Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and being part of a community for effective integration. Moreover, it reveals that the
use of Modern Standard Arabic as the language of instruction in schools is a source of frustration for students,
indicating the need for language policy reform. The study underlines the importanceof considering the
children‟s agency when being integrated into mainstream public schools.
.
KEYWORDS: migration, education, integration, sub-Saharan African children, public school
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Exploring Factors Affecting the Success of TVET-Industry Partnership: A Case ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to explore factors affecting the success of TVET-industry
partnerships. A case study design of the qualitative research method was used to achieve this objective. For the
study, one polytechnic college of Oromia regional state, and two industries were purposively selected. From the
sample polytechnic college and industries, a total of 17 sample respondents were selected. Out of 17
respondents, 10 respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method, and the rest 7 respondents were
selected using the purposive sampling technique. The qualitative data were collected through an in-depth
interview and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic approaches. The findings revealed that
TVET-industry partnerships were found weak. Lack of key stakeholder‟s awareness shortage of improved
training equipment and machines in polytechnic colleges, absence of trainee health insurance policy, lack of
incentive mechanisms for private industries, lack of employer industries involvement in designing and
developing occupational standards, and preparation of curriculum were some of the impediments of TVETindustry partnership. Based on the findings it was recommended that the Oromia TVET bureau in collaboration
with other relevant concerned regional authorities and TVET colleges, set new strategies for creating strong
awareness for industries, companies, and other relevant stakeholders on the purpose and advantages of
implementing successful TVET-industry partnership. Finally, the Oromia regional government in collaboration
with the TVET bureau needs to create policy-supported incentive strategies such as giving occasional privileges
of duty-free import, tax reduction, and regional government recognition awards based on the level of partnership
contribution to TVET institutions in promoting TVET-industry partnership.
KEY WORDS: employability skills, industries, and partnership
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The Challenges of Good Governance and Project Implementation in Nigeria: A Re...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study reveals that systemic corruption and other factors including poor leadership,
leadership recruitment processes, ethnic and regional politics, tribalism and mediocrity, poor planning, and
variation of project design have been the causative factors that undermine projects implementation in postindependence African states, particularly in Nigeria. The study, thus, argued that successive governments of
African states, using Nigeria as a case study, have been deeply engrossed in this obnoxious practice that has
undermined infrastructure sector development as well as enthroned impoverishment and mass poverty in these
African countries. This study, therefore, is posed to examine the similarities in causative factors, effects and
consequences of corruption and how it affects governance, projects implementation and national growth. To
achieve this, the study adopted historical research design which is qualitative and explorative in nature. The
study among others suggests that the governments of developing countries should shun corruption and other
forms of obnoxious practices in order to operate effective and efficient systems that promote good governance
and ensure there is adequate projects implementation which are the attributes of a responsible government and
good leadership. Policy makers should also prioritize policy objectives and competence to ensure that policies
are fully implemented within stipulated time frame.
KEYWORDS: Developing Countries, Nigeria, Government, Project Implementation, Project Failure
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2. The opening clip of the trailer shows four characters running dramatically
through a street, however the audience isn’t told what they are running from
or why. This shows an enigma code, as we are left to interpret what is
happening within the scene, with the help of the dialogue in the voiceover.
[“Choose life, choose a job, choose a career...”]
This action isn’t explained throughout the rest of the trailer, which may
encourage the audience to buy the film/watch it in order to receive catharsis
Earp & Katz – ‘All men are violent’
The trailer begins in the centre of the disruption; although we do not
know what the disruption is (enigma code) as we see the protagonist
getting hit by a car. Although he doesn’t get hurt in the accident as we see
him get up and run off, it is clear that he is running away from a
disruption.
The camera is placed within the car, which creates verisimilitude as it
makes the audience feel as if they are running him over.
The first character that we are introduced to within the trailer is Renton,
who we assume to be the films protagonist. The intertextuality which
appears to tell the audience the character’s name and the direct mode of
address allows us to determine that he is the most important within the film,
as well as the fact that he was the first character to be introduced.
O’Sullivan et al – ‘Representation of who is good and who is evil’
The voiceover continues to list the choices that could be made to live a
positive life, whilst the synchronous music shows how the characters are
happy living their disruptive lifestyle
3. The next shot shows two binary opposite characters (Strauss) as the male
character looks dishevelled, whilst the female character looks clean and
sophisticated. This juxtaposes typical representations of females in social realist
films. The wide shot highlights the mise-en-scene which shows a nightclub, a
typical location shown in social realist films. The voiceover is now done by a
female character, describing the male character as “A little bit crazy, a little bit
bad…” which helps the audience to get to know the character better and
adheres to Earp & Katz theory. The two characters have close proxemics which
implies that they are in a relationship.
The next shot shows all of the films main male protagonists in what
appears to be a bar (mise-en-scene), whilst all smoking cigarettes and
wearing clothing which is typical to the era in which the film is set, making
them look quite rough and violent. They are walking in an angry,
determined way which implies that they are going to fight. Since there are
no women in this shot, it could be a representation of how masculinity and
femininity are socially constructed - O’Sullivan et al
The next character that we are introduced to through intertitles is Spud, who
is shown in a toilet looking quite ill, and intoxicated. This highlights the
lifestyle that they characters are living, whilst his nickname is quite classic
for social realist films. The close up shot of his face could be used to make
the audience feel quite uncomfortable, as he has obviously been using some
type of drug. He also looks quite confused, which shows the negative
impact of drugs.
4. This shot highlights the binary opposite characters (Strauss) as the drug
addict, Spud, is sat alone towards the front of the frame whilst the upper
class, professional characters, who we later find out are interviewers for a job
opportunity, are sat together at the end of the room. This shows the
differences between the two types of characters. The room is also very large,
making Spud look small and outnumbered in comparison to the interviewers,
which could be a representation of how society looks down on people who
are living in poverty. (O’Sullivan et al – ‘Representation of who is good and
who is evil’)
The next shot of Spud shows him looking very angry, juxtaposing against the
background of the scene and his dialogue which talks about leisure and
pleasure. (Earp & Katz – ‘All men are violent’)
Although we are not shown entirely what he is wearing, it appears to be quite
un-professional (e.g. he isn’t wearing a tie) which adheres to typical
representations of lower class people, and drug users. This also adheres to the
conventions of most social realist films, although he is trying to get a job
which could be seen as subverting representations of low class people as they
are usually seen within the media to not want to get a job or earn money.
In the next shot, the lighting has changed to show the characters in red,
having connotations of evil, which could be a representation of the characters
and their actions. The male on the left appears to be holding a knife, which
also shows ideologies of the male characters being violent (Earp & Katz)
whilst the clothing that they are wearing is quite unclean and not very smart,
showing that they are living a low class lifestyle and that they aren’t really
bothered about their appearance.
5. This show also adheres to Earp & Katz’All men are violent’ theory, as
we see the male protagonists pointing a gun at another male character.
Although we never see him shoot the human, and he does shoot the dog
instead, it still highlights the violent lifestyles of the characters, and
could also be a representation of the lower class area in which they live.
The framing allows the audience to see through the gun, adding a sense
of verisimilitude as we are positioned to feel that we are about to shoot
the male character.
The lighting suddenly becomes low key as we are positioned within a
night club, and all that can be seen is the silhouettes of some hands and
people dancing. This shows how the characters often go to nightclubs
rather than staying at home or working, adhering to typical
representations of low class people within the media. The low key strobe
lighting and hand held camera adds verisimilitude, as the audience is
positioned within the night club from the characters point of view.
We see another example of Earp & Katz ‘All men are violent’ when we
see Begbie attacking a male character, who appears to have not
provoked him in any way, with a snooker cue. This shows how the
lower class characters are just looking for violence, rather than being
provoked which shows negative representations of them. The setting is
once more in a bar, again adhering to common conventions of social
realist films.
6. The over the shoulder shot highlights the differences between the two male and
two female characters. The dialogue that is used also emphasises this, as when
asked what they are talking about the two male characters reply with “football”
and the two female characters reply with “shopping”. The female characters are
dressed in quite ‘chavvy’ clothing, showing negative representations of them.
O’Sullivan et al – ‘Masculinity and femininity are socially constructed’
Wolf – ‘ Beauty myth’
Berger – ‘Men act, women appear’
We see another example of the characters using violence within the trailer as they
are seen smashing a car window in order to steal it, or something inside it. (Earp &
Katz) The camera is placed within the car, which makes the audience feel as if they
are witnessing the crime first hand, whilst the foley sound of the smashing
emphasises the violence which is taking place. The editing is becoming quicker as
the trailer comes to a close, building up the intensity and making the themes of the
films (e.g. violence, drug abuse) more evident.
There are more intertitles towards the end of the trailer which are showing
the trailers house colours of red, black and white. The titles show some
reviews from existing newspapers and magazines, which highlights social
interaction for audiences as they will be able to recognise the large
institutions and also encourages them to watch the film as they are positive
responses.
7. One of the fast shots shows Renton swimming, fully clothed, with a bright light
behind him. This could give the audience implications that he has died, or is
dying, as the bright light has connotations of him travelling to heaven. Another
interpretation could be that he has taking drugs and the audience is now seeing
what he is seeing/feeling, adding a sense of verisimilitude to the shot. The
synchronous dance music continues to play, showing that although the characters
are living negative lifestyles, they are still happy.
One of the final shots of the trailer shows the films protagonist holding a large
bag, as if leaving, whilst smiling. This implies that he has escaped the
drugs/violence of the city and is leaving to begin a new life. This is reinforced
by the dialogue in the voiceover; “Choose your future, choose life.” This
suggests that the protagonist beginning a new equilibrium.
Gamman & Marshment – ‘Female gaze’
The mise-en-scene isn’t shown as the background is blurred and it is a close
up shot, which leaves the audience wondering whether he has actually escaped
his negative surroundings.
This shot highlights the different character types as we can see Renton (the
presumed protagonist) has turned around, as if he doesn’t want to be part of what
the other characters are doing, which represents him as the good character. The
character on the far left looks small and insignificant compared to the others, and
is also wearing brighter clothing which could represent him as being different or
quirky. He also appears to be stood further back from the other three, again
making him look smaller. (Propps character types)