Bibliografia periodizzazione nell’allenamento della forza rapida. Sds Scuola dello Sport 73/74
Klaus Wirth, Dietmar Schmidtbleicher
http://www.calzetti-mariucci.it/shop/categorie/rivista-sds-scuola-dello-sport
Bibliografia articolo La periodizzazione nell’allenamento della forza rapida” di Klaus Wirth, Dietmar Schmidtbleicher. SDS Scuola dello Sport, 74
http://www.calzetti-mariucci.it/shop/prodotti/sds-rivista-di-cultura-sportiva-numero-arretrato-74
LA FORZA NELLA DONNA UN PROGRESSO INARRESTABILE
Renato Manno
Caratteristiche, specificità di genere, effetto dell’età e dei tipi di allenamento
SDS SCUOLA DELLO SPORT 105
http://www.calzetti-mariucci.it/shop/prodotti/sds-scuola-dello-sport-n-105
Epidemiological studies have consistently shown hamstring
strain injuries (HSIs) to have a high prevalence rate in many
sports, such as sprinting (11%; Lysholm & Wiklander, 1987),
Australian Rules Football (16–23%; Orchard, 2001; Orchard,
Marsden, Lord, & Garlick, 1997) and football (12–14%:
Ekstrand, Hagglund, & Walden, 2011; Hawkins, Hulse,
Wilkinson, Hodson, & Gibson, 2001). The epidemiology and
aetiology of HSI in football has received extensive attention in
the scientific literature (Ekstrand et al., 2011; Woods et al., 2004),
given the economic burden associated with professional
players missing training and competitive fixtures (Woods,
Hawkins, Hulse, & Hodson, 2002). b
Differences in strength and speed demands between 4v4 and 8v8 SSGFernando Farias
Small-sided games (SSGs) have been extensively used in training
footballers worldwide and have shown very good efficacy in
improving player performance (Hill-Haas, Dawson, Impellizzeri,
& Coutts, 2011). As an example, it has been shown that the
technical performance (Owen, Wong del, McKenna, & Dellal,
2011) and physical performance (Chaouachi et al., 2014; Dellal,
Varliette, Owen, Chirico, & Pialoux, 2012) of footballers can be
enhanced using SSG-based football training programmes.
In the last two decades, extensive research has been pub-
lished on physical and physiological response during SSGs in
football (for refs, see Halouani, Chtourou, Gabbett, Chaouachi,
& Chamari, 2014). It was found that the time-motion charac-
teristics of SSGs could vary greatly depending on certain
structural (e.g., pitch size, number of players, type and number
of goals) and rule (e.g., number of ball touches) constraints.
For example, it was observed that higher maximum speeds are
reached during SSGs played on bigger pitches (Casamichana &
Castellano, 2010). Furthermore, heart rate (HR) and lactate
concentrations were shown to be sensitive to structural and
rule changes in SSGs.
Bibliografia periodizzazione nell’allenamento della forza rapida. Sds Scuola dello Sport 73/74
Klaus Wirth, Dietmar Schmidtbleicher
http://www.calzetti-mariucci.it/shop/categorie/rivista-sds-scuola-dello-sport
Bibliografia articolo La periodizzazione nell’allenamento della forza rapida” di Klaus Wirth, Dietmar Schmidtbleicher. SDS Scuola dello Sport, 74
http://www.calzetti-mariucci.it/shop/prodotti/sds-rivista-di-cultura-sportiva-numero-arretrato-74
LA FORZA NELLA DONNA UN PROGRESSO INARRESTABILE
Renato Manno
Caratteristiche, specificità di genere, effetto dell’età e dei tipi di allenamento
SDS SCUOLA DELLO SPORT 105
http://www.calzetti-mariucci.it/shop/prodotti/sds-scuola-dello-sport-n-105
Epidemiological studies have consistently shown hamstring
strain injuries (HSIs) to have a high prevalence rate in many
sports, such as sprinting (11%; Lysholm & Wiklander, 1987),
Australian Rules Football (16–23%; Orchard, 2001; Orchard,
Marsden, Lord, & Garlick, 1997) and football (12–14%:
Ekstrand, Hagglund, & Walden, 2011; Hawkins, Hulse,
Wilkinson, Hodson, & Gibson, 2001). The epidemiology and
aetiology of HSI in football has received extensive attention in
the scientific literature (Ekstrand et al., 2011; Woods et al., 2004),
given the economic burden associated with professional
players missing training and competitive fixtures (Woods,
Hawkins, Hulse, & Hodson, 2002). b
Differences in strength and speed demands between 4v4 and 8v8 SSGFernando Farias
Small-sided games (SSGs) have been extensively used in training
footballers worldwide and have shown very good efficacy in
improving player performance (Hill-Haas, Dawson, Impellizzeri,
& Coutts, 2011). As an example, it has been shown that the
technical performance (Owen, Wong del, McKenna, & Dellal,
2011) and physical performance (Chaouachi et al., 2014; Dellal,
Varliette, Owen, Chirico, & Pialoux, 2012) of footballers can be
enhanced using SSG-based football training programmes.
In the last two decades, extensive research has been pub-
lished on physical and physiological response during SSGs in
football (for refs, see Halouani, Chtourou, Gabbett, Chaouachi,
& Chamari, 2014). It was found that the time-motion charac-
teristics of SSGs could vary greatly depending on certain
structural (e.g., pitch size, number of players, type and number
of goals) and rule (e.g., number of ball touches) constraints.
For example, it was observed that higher maximum speeds are
reached during SSGs played on bigger pitches (Casamichana &
Castellano, 2010). Furthermore, heart rate (HR) and lactate
concentrations were shown to be sensitive to structural and
rule changes in SSGs.
A criteria based progression rehabilitation protocol for hamstring strain injuries presented at the Sports Medicine Australia conference 2015 during the Hamstring symposium
To examine the acute effects of generic (Running Drills, RD) and specific (Small-
Sided Games, SSG) Long Sprint Ability (LSA) drills on internal and external load of male
soccer-players. Methods: Fourteen academy-level soccer-players (mean±SD; age 17.6±0.61
years, height 1.81±0.63 m, body-mass 69.53±4.65 kg) performed four 30s LSA bouts for
maintenance (work:rest, 1:2) and production (1:5) with RD and SSG drills. Players’ external-
load was tracked with GPS technology (20Hz) and heart-rate (HR), blood-lactate
concentrations (BLc) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were used to characterize players’
internal-load. Individual peak BLc was assessed with a 30s all-out test on a non-motorized
treadmill (NMT). Results: Compared to SSGs the RDs had a greater effect on external-load
and BLc (large and small, respectively). During SSGs players covered more distance with
high-intensity decelerations (moderate-to-small). Muscular-RPE was higher (small-to-large)
in RD than in SSG. The production mode exerted a moderate effect on BLc while the
maintenance condition elicited higher cardiovascular effects (small-to-large). Conclusion:
The results of this study showed the superiority of generic over specific drills in inducing
LSA related physiological responses. In this regard production RD showed the higher post-
exercise BLc. Interestingly, individual peak blood-lactate responses were found after the
NMT 30s all-out test, suggesting this drill as a valid option to RD bouts. The practical
physiological diversity among the generic and specific LSA drills here considered, enable
fitness trainers to modulate prescription of RD and SSG drills for LSA according to training
schedule.
Bilateral and unilateral vertical ground reaction forcesFernando Farias
The purposes of this study were to assess unilateral and bilateral vertical jump performance
characteristics, and to compare the vertical ground reaction force characteristics of the impulse and landing
phase of a vertical jump between the dominant and non-dominant leg in soccer players.
Effects of Velocity Loss During Resistance Training on Performance in Profess...Fernando Farias
To analyze the effects of two resistance training (RT) programs that used the same relative loading but different repetition volume, using the velocity loss during the set as the independent variable: 15% (VL15) vs. 30% (VL30). Methods: Sixteen professional soccer players with RT experience (age 23.8 ± 3.5 years, body mass 75.5 ± 8.6 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups: VL15 (n = 8) or VL30 (n = 8) that followed a 6-week (18 sessions) velocity-based squat training program. Repetition velocity was monitored in all sessions. Assessments performed before (Pre) and after training (Post) included: estimated one- repetition maximum (1RM) and change in average mean propulsive velocity (AMPV) against absolute loads common to Pre and Post tests; countermovement jump (CMJ); 30-m sprint (T30); and Yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT).
Acute effect of different combined stretching methodsFernando Farias
The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different stretching methods, during a warm-up,
on the acceleration and speed of soccer players. The acceleration performance of 20 collegiate soccer players (body height:
177.25 ± 5.31 cm; body mass: 65.10 ± 5.62 kg; age: 16.85 ± 0.87 years; BMI: 20.70 ± 5.54; experience: 8.46 ± 1.49
years) was evaluated after different warm-up procedures, using 10 and 20 m tests. Subjects performed five types of a
warm-up: static, dynamic, combined static + dynamic, combined dynamic + static, and no-stretching. Subjects were
divided into five groups. Each group performed five different warm-up protocols in five non-consecutive days. The
warm-up protocol used for each group was randomly assigned. The protocols consisted of 4 min jogging, a 1 min
stretching program (except for the no-stretching protocol), and 2 min rest periods, followed by the 10 and 20 m sprint
test, on the same day. The current findings showed significant differences in the 10 and 20 m tests after dynamic
stretching compared with static, combined, and no-stretching protocols. There were also significant differences between
the combined stretching compared with static and no-stretching protocols. We concluded that soccer players performed
better with respect to acceleration and speed, after dynamic and combined stretching, as they were able to produce more
force for a faster execution.
Hamstring injuries are among the most com-
mon non-contact injuries in sports. The Nordic hamstring
(NH) exercise has been shown to decrease risk by
increasing eccentric hamstring strength.
Anthony Shield - does strength in the nhe predict hamstring injury MuscleTech Network
Anthony Shield
Senior lecturer, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
-
Does strength in the Nordic hamstring exercise predict hamstring injury?
(&th MuscleTech Network workshop)
14th October, Barcelona
Erik Witvrouw
Lead research and Education Sports Physiotherapist, Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar / Professor Rehabilitation Science and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium
-
Isokinetic and neuromuscular evaluation as potential risk factors for hamstring injuries
The effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: a systematic review
Anthony Shield - is nmi a risk factor for hamstring strain injury MuscleTech Network
Anthony Shield
Senior lecturer, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
-
Is neuromuscular inhibition a risk factor for hamstring strain?
Hamstring injuries have increased by 4% annuallyFernando Farias
Muscle injuries are a substantial problem for pro-
fessional football players. They constitute more
than one-third of all time-loss injuries and cause
more than a quarter of the total injury absence in
high-level European professional football clubs.1
Hamstring injury is the most common injury
subtype, representing 12% of all injuries, and a
team with a 25 player-squad typically suffers about
5–6 hamstring injuries each season, equivalent to
more than 80 days involving football activities
(training or matches) lost due to injury.
Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring archi...Fernando Farias
The architectural and morphological adaptations of the hamstrings in response to training
33 with different exercises have not been explored. PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in biceps
34 femoris long head (BFLH) fascicle length and hamstring muscle size following 10-weeks of
35 Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) or hip extension (HE) training. METHODS: Thirty
36 recreationally active male athletes (age, 22.0 ± 3.6 years, height, 180.4 ± 7 cm, weight, 80.8 ±
37 11.1 kg) were allocated to one of three groups: 1) HE training (n=10), NHE training (n=10),
38 or no training (CON) (n=10). BFLH fascicle length was assessed before, during (Week 5) and
39 after the intervention with 2D-ultrasound. Hamstring muscle size was determined before and
40 after training via magnetic resonance imaging.
Eccentric training using external loads greater than the
relative concentric training intensity is a potent stimulus for
enhancements in muscle mechanical function, and MTU
morphological and architectural adaptations. The inclusion
of eccentric loads above maximal concentric strength is
therefore an avenue to induce novel training stimuli and
effect change in key determinants, and functional metrics,
of strength, power and speed performance. Strength
improvements are largely mode-specific and arise from a
combination of neural, morphological and architectural
adaptations [8]. Increased agonist volitional drive is posited
as the primary contributing factor to the marked increases
in eccentric strength observed following training [54].
Eccentric training improves concentric muscle power and
SSC performance to a greater extent than concentric or
traditional modalities
A criteria based progression rehabilitation protocol for hamstring strain injuries presented at the Sports Medicine Australia conference 2015 during the Hamstring symposium
To examine the acute effects of generic (Running Drills, RD) and specific (Small-
Sided Games, SSG) Long Sprint Ability (LSA) drills on internal and external load of male
soccer-players. Methods: Fourteen academy-level soccer-players (mean±SD; age 17.6±0.61
years, height 1.81±0.63 m, body-mass 69.53±4.65 kg) performed four 30s LSA bouts for
maintenance (work:rest, 1:2) and production (1:5) with RD and SSG drills. Players’ external-
load was tracked with GPS technology (20Hz) and heart-rate (HR), blood-lactate
concentrations (BLc) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were used to characterize players’
internal-load. Individual peak BLc was assessed with a 30s all-out test on a non-motorized
treadmill (NMT). Results: Compared to SSGs the RDs had a greater effect on external-load
and BLc (large and small, respectively). During SSGs players covered more distance with
high-intensity decelerations (moderate-to-small). Muscular-RPE was higher (small-to-large)
in RD than in SSG. The production mode exerted a moderate effect on BLc while the
maintenance condition elicited higher cardiovascular effects (small-to-large). Conclusion:
The results of this study showed the superiority of generic over specific drills in inducing
LSA related physiological responses. In this regard production RD showed the higher post-
exercise BLc. Interestingly, individual peak blood-lactate responses were found after the
NMT 30s all-out test, suggesting this drill as a valid option to RD bouts. The practical
physiological diversity among the generic and specific LSA drills here considered, enable
fitness trainers to modulate prescription of RD and SSG drills for LSA according to training
schedule.
Bilateral and unilateral vertical ground reaction forcesFernando Farias
The purposes of this study were to assess unilateral and bilateral vertical jump performance
characteristics, and to compare the vertical ground reaction force characteristics of the impulse and landing
phase of a vertical jump between the dominant and non-dominant leg in soccer players.
Effects of Velocity Loss During Resistance Training on Performance in Profess...Fernando Farias
To analyze the effects of two resistance training (RT) programs that used the same relative loading but different repetition volume, using the velocity loss during the set as the independent variable: 15% (VL15) vs. 30% (VL30). Methods: Sixteen professional soccer players with RT experience (age 23.8 ± 3.5 years, body mass 75.5 ± 8.6 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups: VL15 (n = 8) or VL30 (n = 8) that followed a 6-week (18 sessions) velocity-based squat training program. Repetition velocity was monitored in all sessions. Assessments performed before (Pre) and after training (Post) included: estimated one- repetition maximum (1RM) and change in average mean propulsive velocity (AMPV) against absolute loads common to Pre and Post tests; countermovement jump (CMJ); 30-m sprint (T30); and Yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT).
Acute effect of different combined stretching methodsFernando Farias
The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different stretching methods, during a warm-up,
on the acceleration and speed of soccer players. The acceleration performance of 20 collegiate soccer players (body height:
177.25 ± 5.31 cm; body mass: 65.10 ± 5.62 kg; age: 16.85 ± 0.87 years; BMI: 20.70 ± 5.54; experience: 8.46 ± 1.49
years) was evaluated after different warm-up procedures, using 10 and 20 m tests. Subjects performed five types of a
warm-up: static, dynamic, combined static + dynamic, combined dynamic + static, and no-stretching. Subjects were
divided into five groups. Each group performed five different warm-up protocols in five non-consecutive days. The
warm-up protocol used for each group was randomly assigned. The protocols consisted of 4 min jogging, a 1 min
stretching program (except for the no-stretching protocol), and 2 min rest periods, followed by the 10 and 20 m sprint
test, on the same day. The current findings showed significant differences in the 10 and 20 m tests after dynamic
stretching compared with static, combined, and no-stretching protocols. There were also significant differences between
the combined stretching compared with static and no-stretching protocols. We concluded that soccer players performed
better with respect to acceleration and speed, after dynamic and combined stretching, as they were able to produce more
force for a faster execution.
Hamstring injuries are among the most com-
mon non-contact injuries in sports. The Nordic hamstring
(NH) exercise has been shown to decrease risk by
increasing eccentric hamstring strength.
Anthony Shield - does strength in the nhe predict hamstring injury MuscleTech Network
Anthony Shield
Senior lecturer, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
-
Does strength in the Nordic hamstring exercise predict hamstring injury?
(&th MuscleTech Network workshop)
14th October, Barcelona
Erik Witvrouw
Lead research and Education Sports Physiotherapist, Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar / Professor Rehabilitation Science and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Belgium
-
Isokinetic and neuromuscular evaluation as potential risk factors for hamstring injuries
The effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: a systematic review
Anthony Shield - is nmi a risk factor for hamstring strain injury MuscleTech Network
Anthony Shield
Senior lecturer, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
-
Is neuromuscular inhibition a risk factor for hamstring strain?
Hamstring injuries have increased by 4% annuallyFernando Farias
Muscle injuries are a substantial problem for pro-
fessional football players. They constitute more
than one-third of all time-loss injuries and cause
more than a quarter of the total injury absence in
high-level European professional football clubs.1
Hamstring injury is the most common injury
subtype, representing 12% of all injuries, and a
team with a 25 player-squad typically suffers about
5–6 hamstring injuries each season, equivalent to
more than 80 days involving football activities
(training or matches) lost due to injury.
Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring archi...Fernando Farias
The architectural and morphological adaptations of the hamstrings in response to training
33 with different exercises have not been explored. PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in biceps
34 femoris long head (BFLH) fascicle length and hamstring muscle size following 10-weeks of
35 Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) or hip extension (HE) training. METHODS: Thirty
36 recreationally active male athletes (age, 22.0 ± 3.6 years, height, 180.4 ± 7 cm, weight, 80.8 ±
37 11.1 kg) were allocated to one of three groups: 1) HE training (n=10), NHE training (n=10),
38 or no training (CON) (n=10). BFLH fascicle length was assessed before, during (Week 5) and
39 after the intervention with 2D-ultrasound. Hamstring muscle size was determined before and
40 after training via magnetic resonance imaging.
Eccentric training using external loads greater than the
relative concentric training intensity is a potent stimulus for
enhancements in muscle mechanical function, and MTU
morphological and architectural adaptations. The inclusion
of eccentric loads above maximal concentric strength is
therefore an avenue to induce novel training stimuli and
effect change in key determinants, and functional metrics,
of strength, power and speed performance. Strength
improvements are largely mode-specific and arise from a
combination of neural, morphological and architectural
adaptations [8]. Increased agonist volitional drive is posited
as the primary contributing factor to the marked increases
in eccentric strength observed following training [54].
Eccentric training improves concentric muscle power and
SSC performance to a greater extent than concentric or
traditional modalities
Casa Greens 1, located in Noida Extension, is a luxurious project by Radhey Krishna Group. The construction is in full swing and the project (phase 1) will be delivered in 2017.
Sensor Market Report, published by Allied Market Research, forecasts that the global market is expected to garner $241 billion by 2022, registering a CAGR of 11.3% during the period 2016-2022.
Get PDF Brochure : https://goo.gl/lpJSl3
Long-Term Athletic Development and Its Application to Youth WeightliftingYasser Eid
CONSIDERABLE CONTROVERSY AND MISGUIDED INFORMATION HAS SURROUNDED THE INCLUSION OF WEIGHTLIFTING WITHIN YOUTH-BASED STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAMS TO DEVELOP STRENGTH, POWER, AND SPEED. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT ITS INCLUSION AS A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE MEANS TO ENHANCE ATHLETIC POTENTIAL. GUIDELINES ARE PRESENTED TO PROVIDE COACHES WITH A STRUCTURED AND LOGICAL PROGRESSION MODEL, WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE THEORETICAL CONCEPTS UNDERPINNING LONG-TERM ATHLETIC DEVELOPMENT. IT IS HOPED THAT THIS REVIEW WILL SERVE AS A USEFUL TOOL TO HELP STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES INTEGRATE WEIGHTLIFTING EXERCISES WITHIN TRAINING PROGRAMS OF YOUNG ATHLETES IN A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE MANNER.
Training Load and Fatigue Marker Associations with Injury and IllnessFernando Farias
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the litera-
ture that has reported the monitoring of longitudinal
training load and fatigue and its relationship with injury
and illness. The current findings highlight disparity in the
terms used to define training load, fatigue, injury and ill-
ness, as well as a lack of investigation of fatigue and
training load interactions. Key stages of training and
competition where the athlete is at an increased risk of
injury/illness risk were identified. These included periods
of training load intensification, accumulation of training
load and acute change in load. Modifying training load
during these periods may help reduce the potential for
injury and illness.
Accrington Stanley FC Youth Team Injury Audit and Pre season planning power p...Tony Tompos
Accrington Stanley FC Youth Team Injury Audit and Pre season planning power point courtesy of data collected from www.benchmark54.com and 'Fitness in Soccer (Van Winckel,2014).
High chronic training loads and exposure to bouts of maximal velocity running...Fernando Farias
The ability to produce high speeds is considered an important
quality for performance, with athletes shown to achieve 85–94% of
maximal velocity during team sport match-play.3 Well-developed
high-speed running ability and maximal velocity are required of
players during competition in order to beat opposition players
to possession and gain an advantage in attacking and defensive
situations.
Mark Sherry
Manager of Sports Rehabilitation at the University of Wisconsin Sports Medicine Center, Physical Therapist, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
-
Return to Play Guidelines Following Acute Hamstring Strain
(6th MuscleTech Network Workshop)
14th October, Barcelona
The effect of eight weeks resistance training on the fitness variables of uni...Sports Journal
A total of thirty female (N=30) university level male Badminton players ranging between 18-28 years of
age were taken as subjects for the purpose of the study. The subjects were randomly selected and training
was conducted at ACS College, Jamner. The subjects were further divided into two groups i.e. Group -A
(N=15) as experimental group and Group-B (N=15) as control group. The following fitness variables
were selected for the purpose of the study: Flexibility test (sit and reach test), strength test (vertical jump
test), speed test (50m dash test), agility (shuttle run test), cardio-vascular fitness test (cooper 12 minute
run-walk test). To compare the mean difference between the data, t test was computed with the help of
SPSS Software and level of significance chosen was 0.05. Result shows that resistance training
(Experimental group) have significant effect on the fitness of university level male Badminton players.
4. „Paradoks treninga i
prevencije ozljeda”
Fitnes Umor
VELIKA TRENAŽNA OPTEREĆENJA
Poboljšanje sposobnosti Povećanje broja i težine ozljeda
5. Znanost o tome kaže…
Nekoliko studija istraživalo je utjecaj
Volumena treninga
Intenziteta i
Frekvencije
na natjecateljsku uspješnost POBOLJŠANJE
1. Foster C, Daniels JT, Yarbrough RA. Physiological and training correlates of marathon running performance. Aust J Sports Med
1977;9:58–61. 5
2. Krebs PS, Zinkgraf S, Virgilio SJ. Predicting competitive bicycling performance with training and physiological variables. J
Sports Med Phys Fit 1986;26:323–30.
3. Mujika I, Chatard JC, Busso T, et al. Effects of training on performance in competitive swimming. Can J Appl Physiol
1995;20:395–406. Mujika I, Busso T, LaCoste L, et al. Modeled responses to training and taper in competitive swimmers.
Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28:251–8.
4. Scrimgeour AG, Noakes TD, Adams B, et al. The influence of weekly training distance on fractional utilization of maximum
aerobic capacity in marathon and ultramarathon runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 1986;55:202–9.
5. Stewart AM, Hopkins WG. Seasonal training and performance of competitive swimmers. J Sports Sci 2000;18:873–84.
6. Foster C. Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:1164–8.
6. 1. Foster C. Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome.Med Sci Sports Exerc
1998;30:1164–8.
2. Gabbett TJ. Influence of training and match intensity on injuries in rugby league.J Sports Sci
2004;22:409–17.
3. Huxley DJ, O’Connor D, Healey PA. An examination of the training profiles and injuries in elite youth
track and field athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 2014;14:185–92.
4. Colby MJ, Dawson B, Heasman J, et al. Accelerometer and GPS-derived running loads and injury risk
in elite Australian footballers. J Strength Cond Res 2014;28:2244–52.
5. Cross MJ, Williams S, Trewartha G, et al. The influence of in-season training loads on injury risk in
professional rugby union. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2015 (in press).
6. Anderson L, Triplett-McBride T, Foster C, et al. Impact of training patterns on incidence of illness and
injury during a women’s collegiate basketball season. J Strength Cond Res 2003;17:734–8.
Suprotno tome, istraživanja su utvrdila i da
je NAJVEĆI BROJ OZLJEDA TE BOLESTI u
sportaša prisutan pri velikim opterećenjima
7. Figure 1 Hypothetical relationship between training loads,
fitness, injuries and performance. Redrawn from
Orchard.1
8. ODNOS TRENAŽNOG OPTEREĆENJA i
OZLJEĐIVANJA
Pravilo 10%
Nespecifičnost!!!
Promjena opterećenja po tjednu (%)
Vjerojatnostodozljeđivanja
9. Vjerojatnostozljeđivanja
Tjedno trenažno opterećenje (jedinice)
0.0
Odnos između trenažnog opterećenja, faze treninga i vjerojatnosti
ozljeđivanja u vrhunskih sportaša timskih sportova (Gabbett, 2010)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Predsezona
Rana natjecanja
Kasna natjecanja
10. Subjektivni osjećaj opterećenja (soo)
Tablica 1.
Borgova CR10 skala modificirana
prema Fosteru i sur. (1995).
Ocjena Opis
0 Odmoran
1 Vrlo, vrlo lagano
2 Lagano
3 Umjereno
4 Donekle teško
5 Teško
6
7 Vrlo teško
8
9
10 Maksimalno
The athlete’s preception of effort
1-10 ratings
30’ after the training
Arbitrary units (rate x minutes of
training)
300-500 au – lower intensities sessions
700-1000 au – higher intensities
sessions
11. Odnos između trenažnog opterećenja i broja ozljeda u sportaša u
timskim sportovima. Trenažna opterećenja mjerena su subjektivnom
procjenom opterećenja (RPE upitnikom) na svakom treningu (Gabbet, 2004a 11)
0
100
200
300
400
Trenažnoopterećenje(AJ)
Količinaozljeda(na1000sati)
300
250
200
150
100
0
50
Trenažno opterećenje
Pojavnost ozljeda
12.
13. Utjecaj smanjenja trenažnih opterećenja u PREDSEZONI na količinu
ozljeda i aerobnu pripremljenost sportaša u timskim sportovima.
Trenažna opterećenja mjerena su subjektivnom procjenom opterećenja (RPE
upitnikom) na svakom treningu (Gabbet, 2004b 37)
150
200
250
300
350
2001 2002 2003
Sezona
Trenažnoopterećenje(jedinice)
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2001 2002 2003
Količinaozljeda(na1000sati)
Sezona
0
2
4
6
8
2001 2002 2003
DeltaVO2max(ml.kg.min)
Sezona
18. Subjektivni osjećaj umora (sou)
Tablica 3.
Obrazac wellness pitnika
(subjektivni osjećaj
umora) (Mclean i sur.,
2010)
5 4 3 2 1 Ukupno
Umor Jako
svjež
Svjež Normaln
o
Umorniji
nego
normaln
o
Uvijek
umoran
Kvaliteta
sna
Jako
odmora
n
Dobar Teško
zaspao
Nemiran
san
Nesanic
a
General
ni mišićni
zamor/b
ol
Odličan
osjećaj
Dobar
osjećaj
Normaln
o
Poveća
nje u
zamoru/
boli /
zatezanj
e
Jako
umoran/
bolan
Razina
stresa
Vrlo
opušten
Opušten Normaln
o
Osjećaj
napetos
ti
Vrlo
napet
Raspolo
ženje
Jako
pozitivn
o
raspolož
enje
General
no
dobro
raspolož
enje
Manje
zainteres
iran za
druge
Nagao
na
suigrače
, obitelj
ili
suradnik
e
Vrlo
uznemir
en/
iziritiran,
loše
19. 16,85
17,73
0
18,1 17,86
19,5
0
5
10
15
20
25
PON UTO SRI ČET PET SUB
SOU
375
630
0
431
371
750
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
PON UTO SRI ČET PET NED
SOO
Graf 1. Prikaz vrijednosti SOU u natjecateljskom mikrociklusu
Graf 2. Prikaz vrijednosti SOO u natjecateljskom mikrociklusu
20. Graf 4. Prikaz trenažnog opterećenja po mjesecima
Graf 3. Prikaz trenažnog opterećenja po tjednima
2963
2833
2800
3345
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
TJEDAN 1. TJEDAN 2. TJEDAN 3. TJEDAN 4.
SOO
11945
11600
10000
9000
9500
10000
10500
11000
11500
12000
12500
MJESEC 1. MJESEC 2. MJESEC 3.
SOO
25. What are the findings?
▸ Dogma exists around the effects of high (and low) training
loads on injury.
▸ This review highlights the positive and negative effects of
high training loads on injury risk, fitness and thus,
performance.
▸ There is a relationship between high training loads and
injuries but well-developed physical qualities protect against
injury.
▸ The ratio of acute to chronic training load is a better
predictor of injury than acute or chronic loads in isolation.
26. How might it impact on
clinical practice in the future?
▸ In many high performance settings, training loads are
reported on a week-to-week basis. Recording acute and
chronic training loads, and modelling the acute:chronic
workload ratio allows practitioners to determine if athletes
are in a state of ‘fitness’ (ie, net training recovery, lower
than average risk of injury) or ‘fatigue’ (ie, net training
stress, higher than average risk of injury).
▸ The Training-Injury Prevention Paradox Model allows
practitioners to monitor and prescribe training to team sport
athletes on an individual basis.
▸ Providing evidence around the effects of acute and chronic
training load on injury risk, physical fitness and performance
will allow practitioners to systematically prescribe high
training loads while minimising the risk of athletes
sustaining a ‘load-related’ injury.
27. HVALA NA PAŽNJI
LITERATURA:
Kelly V., Coutts A.J. (2007). Plannig and monitoring
training loads during the competition phase in team
sports. Strenght an conditioning journal, 29, 32-37.
Mclean M.D., Coutts A.J., Kelly V., McGuigan M.R.,
Cormack S.J. (2010). Neuromuscular, Endocrine and
perceptual fatigueresponese during differen tlenght
between – Match microcycles in professional rugby
league players. Human Kinetics, 5, 367-383
E-mail:
m.matusinskij@gmail.com
