Presentation by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab,WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the Third High-level Meeting of the Small Countries Initiative, in Monaco, on 11–12 October 2016
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the 21st Congress of the European Association of Dental Public Health (1 October 2016 Budapest)
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the School of Public Health Management (Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, 24 November 2016)
Contemporary health policy context in Europe: some opportunities and challenges
Presentation by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe. 8 March 2017, Israel
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the 21st Congress of the European Association of Dental Public Health (1 October 2016 Budapest)
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the School of Public Health Management (Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, 24 November 2016)
Contemporary health policy context in Europe: some opportunities and challenges
Presentation by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe. 8 March 2017, Israel
Presented by Piroska Östlin, Director and Åsa Nihlén, Technical Officer, Division of Policy and Governance for Health and Well-being, WHO/Europe, at the 66th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe.
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the Advanced Training and Conference on Health Economics (24 June 2015, Budapest, Hungary)
The document outlines an action plan for the health sector response to HIV in Europe with the vision of ending the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat by 2030. It identifies five strategic directions: (1) using data to guide focused services, (2) prioritizing prevention and treatment interventions, (3) delivering equitable services based on human rights, (4) financing a sustainable response, and (5) stimulating innovation. Fast-track actions are outlined under each strategic direction to strengthen coordination, expand testing and treatment, eliminate transmission, and transition to domestic financing. The draft resolution calls on countries to review strategies, strengthen prevention, ensure commitment and financing, and monitor implementation of the plan.
Strategic directions for the health sector response to viral hepatitis include:
1) Improving surveillance and estimates of disease burden to focus action.
2) Defining essential intervention packages and setting national targets for coverage.
3) Addressing barriers like stigma to make hepatitis services accessible for all populations.
4) Building political commitment and innovative funding approaches for sustainable financing.
5) Prioritizing hepatitis research and rapidly translating findings into practice.
The action plan aims to halt transmission of hepatitis and ensure treatment access for all by 2030.
Progress in and priorities for implementing the regional plans for the health sector response to HIV and hepatitis, Dr Masoud Dara, Acting Director, Communicable Diseases Department (69th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe)
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe (Positioning the Veneto Region at the core of global and European health policies, 3-4 December 2015, Scuola San Giovanni Evangelista, Venice, Italy)
Presented by Dr Piroska Östlin, Director and Dr Santino Severoni, Coordinator, Public Health and Migration, Division of Policy and Governance for Health and Well-being, WHO/Europe, at the 66th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe.
Health literacy in the WHO European Region, Dr Bente Mikkelsen, Director, Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-course / Kristina Mauer-Stender, Acting Director, Information, Evidence, Research and innovation (WHO Regional Office for Europe)
This presentation is part of the report presented by the WHO Regional Director Zsuzsanna Jakab at the 63rd session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe in Çeşme Izmir, Turkey, on 16 September 2013.
The document summarizes the WHO European Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2016–2025. The plan aims to achieve reductions in premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases. It outlines priority areas like governance, surveillance, prevention, health systems strengthening, and population-level policies. The plan is aligned with the global action plans and frameworks to address noncommunicable diseases.
Presentation – The Issue-based Coalition on Health and Well-being
12 May 2017, Geneva, Switzerland
By Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the 7th Meeting of the European Advisory Committee on Health Research (Copenhagen, Denmark, 6 April 2016)
The document discusses the development of the WHO's 13th General Programme of Work (GPW13) Results Framework for measuring impact. It provides an update on progress, including developing 46 outcome indicators and milestones aligned with the six GPW13 themes. It outlines next steps in finalizing the framework through additional member state consultations, establishing baselines and milestones, and reporting to the Executive Board and World Health Assembly. The goal is to obtain joint commitment for implementing the framework to measure GPW13 progress and impact.
The document discusses updates to the WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work Results Framework. It outlines four strategic objectives: create an enabling environment, increase financial investments, promote data sharing, and ensure access to research benefits. It describes the balanced scorecard approach to assess performance across six dimensions. Country case studies will measure achievements and lessons learned in selected countries. Consultations on the results framework will continue through 2019 regional committee meetings to foster ownership among member states.
The document discusses updates to the WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work results framework. It outlines four strategic objectives: create an enabling environment, increase financial investments, promote data sharing, and ensure equitable access to research benefits. It describes the balanced scorecard approach to assess performance across six dimensions. Country case studies will demonstrate achievements and lessons learned in reaching triple billion targets of universal health coverage, emergency preparedness, and healthier populations. The results framework will be refined through regional committee consultations in 2019.
Presented by Piroska Östlin, Director and Åsa Nihlén, Technical Officer, Division of Policy and Governance for Health and Well-being, WHO/Europe, at the 66th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe.
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the Advanced Training and Conference on Health Economics (24 June 2015, Budapest, Hungary)
The document outlines an action plan for the health sector response to HIV in Europe with the vision of ending the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat by 2030. It identifies five strategic directions: (1) using data to guide focused services, (2) prioritizing prevention and treatment interventions, (3) delivering equitable services based on human rights, (4) financing a sustainable response, and (5) stimulating innovation. Fast-track actions are outlined under each strategic direction to strengthen coordination, expand testing and treatment, eliminate transmission, and transition to domestic financing. The draft resolution calls on countries to review strategies, strengthen prevention, ensure commitment and financing, and monitor implementation of the plan.
Strategic directions for the health sector response to viral hepatitis include:
1) Improving surveillance and estimates of disease burden to focus action.
2) Defining essential intervention packages and setting national targets for coverage.
3) Addressing barriers like stigma to make hepatitis services accessible for all populations.
4) Building political commitment and innovative funding approaches for sustainable financing.
5) Prioritizing hepatitis research and rapidly translating findings into practice.
The action plan aims to halt transmission of hepatitis and ensure treatment access for all by 2030.
Progress in and priorities for implementing the regional plans for the health sector response to HIV and hepatitis, Dr Masoud Dara, Acting Director, Communicable Diseases Department (69th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe)
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe (Positioning the Veneto Region at the core of global and European health policies, 3-4 December 2015, Scuola San Giovanni Evangelista, Venice, Italy)
Presented by Dr Piroska Östlin, Director and Dr Santino Severoni, Coordinator, Public Health and Migration, Division of Policy and Governance for Health and Well-being, WHO/Europe, at the 66th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe.
Health literacy in the WHO European Region, Dr Bente Mikkelsen, Director, Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-course / Kristina Mauer-Stender, Acting Director, Information, Evidence, Research and innovation (WHO Regional Office for Europe)
This presentation is part of the report presented by the WHO Regional Director Zsuzsanna Jakab at the 63rd session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe in Çeşme Izmir, Turkey, on 16 September 2013.
The document summarizes the WHO European Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2016–2025. The plan aims to achieve reductions in premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases. It outlines priority areas like governance, surveillance, prevention, health systems strengthening, and population-level policies. The plan is aligned with the global action plans and frameworks to address noncommunicable diseases.
Presentation – The Issue-based Coalition on Health and Well-being
12 May 2017, Geneva, Switzerland
By Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the 7th Meeting of the European Advisory Committee on Health Research (Copenhagen, Denmark, 6 April 2016)
The document discusses the development of the WHO's 13th General Programme of Work (GPW13) Results Framework for measuring impact. It provides an update on progress, including developing 46 outcome indicators and milestones aligned with the six GPW13 themes. It outlines next steps in finalizing the framework through additional member state consultations, establishing baselines and milestones, and reporting to the Executive Board and World Health Assembly. The goal is to obtain joint commitment for implementing the framework to measure GPW13 progress and impact.
The document discusses updates to the WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work Results Framework. It outlines four strategic objectives: create an enabling environment, increase financial investments, promote data sharing, and ensure access to research benefits. It describes the balanced scorecard approach to assess performance across six dimensions. Country case studies will measure achievements and lessons learned in selected countries. Consultations on the results framework will continue through 2019 regional committee meetings to foster ownership among member states.
The document discusses updates to the WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work results framework. It outlines four strategic objectives: create an enabling environment, increase financial investments, promote data sharing, and ensure equitable access to research benefits. It describes the balanced scorecard approach to assess performance across six dimensions. Country case studies will demonstrate achievements and lessons learned in reaching triple billion targets of universal health coverage, emergency preparedness, and healthier populations. The results framework will be refined through regional committee consultations in 2019.
This document summarizes the key points from the Ashgabat Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases in the Context of Health 2020. The declaration was adopted by health ministers and representatives from WHO European member states who met in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan in December 2013. In the declaration, they commit to accelerating efforts to implement the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, taking whole-of-government approaches to address social determinants of health, and strengthening national policies and health systems to better monitor and respond to NCDs through prevention, treatment, and research.
The document provides an introduction to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It discusses that the 2030 Agenda sets out 17 Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved by 2030, including health-related targets. It notes that the 2030 Agenda aims to be universal, transformative, inclusive, involve new actors, and break down silos between sectors. The document then discusses various aspects of implementing the 2030 Agenda, including mainstreaming the goals into national and local plans, policy support from UN agencies, monitoring and reporting processes, and building partnerships.
Non-Communicable Diseases: Malaysia in Global Public HealthFeisul Mustapha
Paper presented at a CME Session, held in conjunction with the NIH Research Week 2014, 26 November 2014 at the Institute for Health Management, Bangsar
UNDP Key Achievements in introducing Sustainable Procurement in the Health Se...UN SPHS
On 22nd Septemeber 2016, SPHS Coordinator Rosemary Kumwenda and UNDP Greening Health Systems Specialist Ignacio Sanchez Diaz deliver a presentation on UNDP's key achievements in introducing sustainable procurement in the health sector at the GEF Project Inception Workshop in South Africa.
The document summarizes progress on health in Uzbekistan between 2016-2020 under the UNDAF. Key achievements include reducing tuberculosis cases and mortality, adopting WHO guidelines on HIV/AIDS treatment, strengthening immunization programs, ratifying the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and decreasing maternal and infant mortality rates. It outlines priorities for 2018-2020 such as strengthening health systems, integrating SDG monitoring, and addressing communicable and non-communicable diseases. Actual UN agency spending on health totaled $4.9 million from 2016-2017.
This briefing document discusses strengthening nursing and midwifery in Europe to support health goals. It aims to promote discussion on maximizing their contributions and potential. Key outcomes include consulting on a strategic framework and engaging commitment to realize the role of nursing and midwifery. A compendium shares 55 good practices from 18 countries supporting health promotion. The roadmap outlines meetings through 2015 to develop a shared vision aligned with health priorities.
A quoi sert la recherche sur les politiques et les systèmes de santé? Point d...valéry ridde
Par Denis Porignon.
Plénière d'ouverture du Colloque Post-Vancouver 2016, sur la recherche francophone sur les politiques et systèmes de santé dans les pays à faible et moyen revenu, organisé par la Chaire REALISME, à l’IRSPUM, Montréal, le 21 novembre 2016.
presented by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe on 18 November 2014 at Ministerial Meeting in Skopje, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
This document discusses the work of the WHO European Region's Division of Information, Evidence, Research and Innovation (DIR). It outlines DIR's role in providing guidance on health information activities, establishing the European Health Information Initiative (EHII) network, and their goal of an integrated health information system for Europe. It also summarizes DIR's work supporting countries' health information systems and capacities, and monitoring progress toward Health 2020 targets.
The strategic plan outlines Public Health England's vision for the next four years to improve health outcomes and reduce health inequalities by 2020. Key priorities include tackling non-communicable diseases through prevention efforts like reducing tobacco and alcohol use, improving nutrition, and increasing physical activity. Public Health England also aims to address the wider social determinants of health and take a holistic, place-based approach through partnerships across sectors.
NCD Planning: Current Stats and Opportunities for StrokeFeisul Mustapha
The document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) planning in Malaysia and opportunities for stroke prevention. It summarizes the 2014 UN General Assembly outcome document on NCDs which outlines national commitments and global assignments between 2014-2018. These include setting national NCD targets and developing multisectoral policies and plans. It also discusses Malaysia's national strategic plan for NCDs from 2010-2014 and efforts to strengthen chronic disease management at the primary care level through multidisciplinary care teams and clinical practice guidelines. Availability of essential medicines for NCDs and lessons learned from working with other sectors are also covered.
This document outlines a framework for advancing universal health coverage in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. It identifies four strategic components: 1) developing a vision and strategy for universal health coverage, 2) improving health financing and financial risk protection, 3) expanding coverage of needed health services, and 4) ensuring expansion and monitoring of population coverage, especially for vulnerable groups. The framework was presented to provide guidance to countries on priorities like establishing multisectoral leadership, developing national health financing strategies, progressively expanding service coverage, and monitoring equity in progress toward universal healthcare.
The document outlines The End TB Strategy, which provides a global strategy and targets for tuberculosis prevention, care, and control after 2015. It establishes a vision of a world free of tuberculosis with zero deaths, disease, and suffering from tuberculosis. The goal is to end the global tuberculosis epidemic. Milestones for 2025 include reducing tuberculosis deaths by 75% and reducing the tuberculosis incidence rate by 50% compared to 2015 levels. Targets for 2035 are a 95% reduction in tuberculosis deaths and a 90% reduction in the tuberculosis incidence rate compared to 2015 levels. The strategy aims to achieve these targets through three pillars - integrated patient-centered care and prevention, bold policies and supportive systems, and intensified research and innovation.
Similar to Towards a more equitable, healthier and more sustainable Europe (20)
This document summarizes measles and rubella surveillance data from the WHO European Region from March 2021 to February 2022. It finds that 22 countries reported 222 measles cases, with the majority (87%) occurring in 10 countries including Tajikistan, Turkey, Belgium, and Poland. 107 rubella cases were reported by 12 countries, with 96 cases in 5 countries including Poland, Turkey, Ukraine, and Germany. The data also examines case trends over time and genotypes in an effort to monitor elimination goals for these vaccine-preventable diseases.
This document summarizes reported measles cases in the WHO European Region from March 2021 to February 2022. It shows the total number of measles cases and incidence rate per country over this period. The highest numbers of cases were reported in Poland, Germany, Italy, and Ukraine. Overall, there were 222 measles cases reported in March 2021, rising to a peak of 35 cases in October 2021, before declining to 33 cases in February 2022.
The document summarizes measles and rubella surveillance data from the WHO European Region. It provides data on measles and rubella cases, incidence, genotypes, and vaccination coverage from 2021-2022. The top countries for measles and rubella cases in this period are reported, with Turkey, Poland, and Ukraine among those with the highest numbers of measles cases and Poland reporting the most rubella cases.
The document provides an overview of measles and rubella cases and vaccination coverage in the WHO European Region from 2021-2022. It summarizes measles and rubella data for 2021, including the top 10 countries by cases. Turkey had the most measles cases in 2021 while Poland had the most rubella cases. Vaccination coverage for measles-containing vaccines was over 90% from 2010-2021.
The document summarizes measles and rubella surveillance data from the WHO European Region from December 2020 to November 2021. It finds that 148 measles cases were reported in this period, with the majority (89%) occurring in 11 countries including Turkey, France, Poland, and Belgium. 103 rubella cases were reported in the same period, with over 90% concentrated in 5 countries including Italy, Germany, Turkey, and Ukraine. Overall measles and rubella cases have declined in the region since 2018 but surveillance and vaccination efforts need to remain vigilant to prevent further outbreaks.
Reported measles cases for the period November 2020—October 2021 (data as of 02 December 2021).A monthly summary of the epidemiological data on selected vaccine-preventable diseases in the WHO European Region
The document summarizes measles and rubella surveillance data from the WHO European Region from October 2020 to September 2021. It finds that Turkey, Ukraine, and Poland reported the most measles cases, with Turkey reporting 35 cases. It also finds that Azerbaijan, Germany, Turkey, Ukraine, and Poland reported the most rubella cases, with Poland reporting 47 cases. Overall, measles and rubella cases have decreased in the region since 2019, but ongoing vaccination efforts are still needed to eliminate both diseases.
The document provides information on measles and rubella cases in the WHO European Region from September 2020 to August 2021. It summarizes that Turkey, Ukraine, and Poland reported the most measles cases, while Poland, Ukraine, and Turkey reported the most rubella cases. Overall measles and rubella cases have declined compared to previous years but outbreaks still occur periodically in some countries. The document also provides links to additional measles and rubella surveillance resources on the WHO website.
The document provides an overview of measles and rubella cases in the WHO European Region from August 2020 to July 2021. It summarizes measles and rubella data, including the number of reported cases by country, genotype information, and monthly trends over multiple years. Turkey had the highest number of measles cases while Poland had the most rubella cases. Measles cases were highest among unvaccinated children under 5 years old.
The document summarizes measles and rubella surveillance data from the WHO European Region from July 2020 to June 2021. It finds that for measles, Turkey, Ukraine, Belgium, Poland and France reported the most cases, with Turkey reporting 30 cases. For rubella, Italy, Turkey, Germany, Ukraine and Poland reported most of the 80 total cases. The number of measles cases decreased from 2020 to 2021 while the number of rubella cases remained low. Vaccination coverage and outbreaks varied by country.
The document provides measles and rubella surveillance data for the WHO European Region from May 2020 to April 2021. It shows that:
- Kazakhstan reported the highest number of measles cases, while Poland, France, and others also reported cases.
- For rubella, Poland reported the highest number of cases between May 2020 to April 2021, while Italy, Turkey, Germany and Ukraine also reported cases.
- Both measles and rubella cases were highest in 2020 compared to previous years, though rubella cases remained low overall, with 188 cases reported for 2020.
Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan reported the highest numbers of measles cases between April 2020-March 2021, with 446 and 423 cases respectively. Overall, 1,511 measles cases were reported in this period in the WHO European Region, with 96% occurring in the top 10 reporting countries. For rubella, 86 total cases were reported between April 2020-March 2021, with 97% found in the top 5 countries of Italy, Turkey, Germany, Ukraine, and Poland.
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
THE SPECIAL SENCES- Unlocking the Wonders of the Special Senses: Sight, Sound...Nursing Mastery
Title: Unlocking the Wonders of the Special Senses: Sight, Sound, Smell, Taste, and Balance
Introduction:
Welcome to our captivating SlideShare presentation on the Special Senses, where we delve into the extraordinary capabilities that allow us to perceive and interact with the world around us. Join us on a sensory journey as we explore the intricate structures and functions of sight, sound, smell, taste, and balance.
The special senses are our primary means of experiencing and interpreting the environment, each sense providing unique and vital information that shapes our perceptions and responses. These senses are facilitated by highly specialized organs and complex neural pathways, enabling us to see a vibrant sunset, hear a symphony, savor a delicious meal, detect a fragrant flower, and maintain our equilibrium.
In this presentation, we will:
Visual System (Sight): Dive into the anatomy and physiology of the eye, exploring how light is converted into electrical signals and processed by the brain to create the images we see. Understand common vision disorders and the mechanisms behind corrective measures like glasses and contact lenses.
Auditory System (Hearing): Examine the structures of the ear and the process of sound wave transduction, from the outer ear to the cochlea and auditory nerve. Learn about hearing loss, auditory processing, and the advances in hearing aid technology.
Olfactory System (Smell): Discover the olfactory receptors and pathways that enable the detection of thousands of different odors. Explore the connection between smell and memory and the impact of olfactory disorders on quality of life.
Gustatory System (Taste): Uncover the taste buds and the five basic tastes – sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami. Delve into the interplay between taste and smell and the factors influencing our food preferences and eating habits.
Vestibular System (Balance): Investigate the inner ear structures responsible for balance and spatial orientation. Understand how the vestibular system helps maintain posture and coordination, and explore common vestibular disorders and their effects.
Through engaging visuals, interactive diagrams, and insightful explanations, we aim to illuminate the complexities of the special senses and their profound impact on our daily lives. Whether you're a student, educator, or simply curious about how we perceive the world, this presentation will provide valuable insights into the remarkable capabilities of the human sensory system.
Join us as we unlock the wonders of the special senses and gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate mechanisms that allow us to experience the richness of our environment.
About CentiUP - Introduction and Products.pdfCentiUP
A heightened child formula, with the trio of Nano Calcium, HMO, and DHA mixed in the golden ratio, combined with NANO technology to help nourish the body deeply and comprehensively, helps children increase height, boost brain power, and improve the immune system and overall well-being.
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...DrDevTaneja1
Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
Cyclothymia Test: Diagnosing, Symptoms, Treatment, and Impact | The Lifescien...The Lifesciences Magazine
The cyclothymia test is a pivotal tool in the diagnostic process. It helps clinicians assess the presence and severity of symptoms associated with cyclothymia.
Cyclothymia Test: Diagnosing, Symptoms, Treatment, and Impact | The Lifescien...
Towards a more equitable, healthier and more sustainable Europe
1. Towards a more
equitable, healthier
and more
sustainable Europe
Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab
WHO Regional Director for Europe
Third High-level Meeting of the Small Countries Initiative
Monaco, 11–12 October 2016
3. From Andorra to Monaco
Documenting Health 2020 implementation and mutual learning
Intersectoral action (ISA) for health and well-being
• Contribution to the methodology of the mapping exercise
• Collection of eight case studies
• Analysis of the case studies
• First publication on ISA presented today
• Compendium with full case studies
Life-course approach
• Setting up methodology for data collection
• Collection of eight case studies
• Validation of case studies by WHO focal points
• First draft (compendium) presented today
4. From Andorra to Monaco
Developing joint capacity-building events
• Establishment of the Small Countries Health
Information Network (SCHIN)
• Terms of reference, scope and purpose of the
Network defined
• First meeting hosted by Malta, 3–4 March
• Second meeting tomorrow in Monaco
• SCHIN chairmanship: Malta
• Global health diplomacy course, Cyprus,
December 2016
Better engagement of media
• Dedicated section of WHO/Europe website
• Engagement in social media
• Second workshop this afternoon in Monaco
5. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:
advancing health and well-being in all countries
6. PARTNERSHIPS
The 2030 Agenda
Health is central to development
Health and
well-being is
an outcome,
a determinant and
an enabler
of the 17 Sustainable
Development Goals
(SDGs)
8. PARTNERSHIPS
World Health Assembly 2016 on health in the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Member States agreed to:
• prioritize health system
strengthening;
• increase collaboration at all levels
across and within all government
sectors;
• prioritize investments in health;
• support research and development;
• strengthen the dialogue between
medical, veterinary and
environmental communities;
• develop high-quality, inclusive,
transparent national accountability
processes.
11. A joint monitoring framework for
Health 2020, noncommunicable diseases
(NCDs) and the SDGs
Alcohol
Educational attainment
Health expenditure
Household consumption
Mortality
Reducing income inequality
Sanitation
Smoking
Social support
Tuberculosis treatment
Unemployment
Vaccination
12. Creating a roadmap for
implementation of the 2030 Agenda
RoadmapConsultations
with experts
Consultations
with civil
society
Consultations
with UN
agencies
Online review
Standing
Committee of
the Regional
Committee
13. Small countries can pioneer the
global health agenda by:
• further advancing the implementation
of Health 2020 in the perspective of
the SDGs;
• further improving and developing
technical capacity – sharing
information, good practices,
experiences and lessons learned;
• supporting the scale-up of
innovations and the sharing of best
practices – for example, those aimed
at responding to the increasingly
numerous urgencies caused by
climate change;
• engaging with other governments,
civil society, scientists and the wider
global health and development
community on intersectoral action.
Honourable Ministers, Excellencies, colleagues, ladies and gentlemen,
It is a great pleasure for me to be here with all of you in Monaco.
First of all I would like to thank all of you for the progress we have achieved over these few years in implementing Health 2020, in your countries.
The first meeting, hosted by San Marino, in 2014 served as a forum to share information on small countries’ experiences, lessons learnt and plans related to Health 2020 implementation, and to discuss how to advance the collaboration among small countries on improving health for all and reducing inequalities, and improving leadership and participatory governance.
The meeting was of paramount importance for the small countries initiatives, as together we set the four main streams of activities of the initiative, namely:
Document Health 2020 implementation in small countries;
Develop joint capacity-building events on core themes of Health 2020;
Create a supportive environment for Health 2020 through better engagement of media as an implementation partner; and
Create a platform for sharing experiences and mutual learning about Health 2020.
In July 2015, in Soldeu, Andorra, we designed our Second High-Level meeting around two of the pillars of Health 2020: inter-sectoral action for health and the life-course approach.
In this past year, the small countries initiative has indeed been very active.
Let me give you a short summary of the main achievements.
Once again, small countries have been at the forefront of our initiative in WHO Europe.
Small countries are launching today their publication on intersectoral action for health and well-being. This is the FIRST publication on this topic stemming from the larger mapping exercise carried out in the WHO European Region. I would like to commend you for this important achievement. There is a lot of interest on mechanisms of intersectoral action, on enabling factors as well as on learning more on the challenges and how these were overcome. I have no doubt that your contribution on this will be highly appreciated in our Region.
Your active involvement in advacing our knowledge on intersectoral action was not all. Small countries are also the first to collect case studies on life-course approach. This is a follow up action to the Andorra statement that, as you know, was on life-course.
I do know that all of you have been very open to share your experiences and that you are very much looking forward to hear about the findings from the other countries.
We will hear about this in the following session and in the session on life-course tomorrow.
In this third meeting we will build on what has already been done, and take into consideration Health 2020 as a mean to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Climate Agreement.
Another importance milestone after the Andorra meeting was the establishment of the Small Countries Health Information Network.
I am aware of the many challenges that small countries face in dealing with health information and I am therefore very glad that substantial progress has been made on this.
You have nominated focal points for this area of work, they have met in Malta last March, and they will meet again here tomorrow, for their second meeting.
We will hear more on this in the session dedicated to health information.
Let me also mention that in these past months the WHO team in Copenhagen has been working on developing a Global Health Diplomacy Course tailored for the small countries.
I am happy this is happening in Cyprus, next December.
We have not neglected our activities on communication. We have now a dedicated section of the WHO Europe website, we engage small countries in our social media activities and we will have this afternoon, here in Monaco, a workshop dedicated on the communication of the new global political agenda.
The 2030 agenda is also the leitmotif of this meeting: the world is changing and small countries want to position themselves ahead of the game.
In this third meeting we will build on what has already been done, and take into consideration Health 2020 as a mean to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Climate Agreement.
In this meeting we will look at further developments, in synergizing phase II of Health 2020 with the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development and the wider challenges such as climate change.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Development Goals can help us to further promote health and well-being in our Region. There is a strong call for commitment at the highest political level, including inclusive and participatory governance, a whole of government and a whole of society approach as well as health in all policies. It allows to further address the social, economic and environmental determinants of health. And such as in Health 2020: “no-one should be left behind”. Different to the Millennium Development Goals, the 17 sustainable development goals are global in nature and universally applicable, and therefore relevant to all our countries. Advancing in one goal will contribute to all the other goals.
Today, more than one year after the UN General Assembly adopted the Agenda 2030 with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, the centrality of health as outcome, determinant and enabler for sustainable development is widely acknowledged. And if we work smart and well coordinated on the implementation of Health 2020 and the Agenda 2030, partnering across all sectors and society, there clearly will be synergies and co-benefits for our investments in health and sustainable development.
Health in all policies means health in all SDGs in the Agenda 2030. By addressing poverty (goal 1), hunger (goal 2), by improving quality education (goal 4) and decent working conditions (goal 8), by protecting our environment and changing our production and consumption in a responsible way (together 9 out of the 17 goals), by acknowledging in all we do the principles of basic rights and equity including gender equality (goals 5 and 10), by reducing the climate change risks (goal 13) by understanding that we can only succeed through good governance and peaceful and secure environments (goal 16) and yes, not to forget, allocating resources and investments in private and public sector in line with our commitments and target settings (goal 17) – by contributing to all of this through leading and steering the integration of the health objectives and priority areas for action into the Agenda 2030 process we are moving the implementation of Health 2020 to a new level and provide a resilient and supportive environment which will let us succeed in achieving SDG 3 Good Health and Well-Being for All!
In May 2016, all Member States at the World Health Assembly agreed to scale up action to achieve the SDGs. Specific interventions include :
prioritize health system strengthening
increase collaboration at all levels across and within all government sectors
prioritize investments in health
support research & development
strengthen the dialogue between medical, veterinary and environmental communities
develop quality, inclusive, transparent national accountability processes.
One critical factor of success is the smart use of windows of opportunity. The first step is to realize when there is one. We did not know that there will be this Agenda 2030 when we adopted Health 2020. But we were convinced that our strategies, priorities, concepts and approaches were right and forward looking. Today, we can build already on a number of years practical experience in implementing whole-of government and whole-of-society approaches which reflect good governance for health in the 21st century, in addressing social, economic and environmental determinants of health, in focusing on health equity and universal health coverage. This practical experience extends from international, to national and to sub-national levels. We have seen that our frameworks and practices fit very well with the goals and targets of the Agenda 2030 and that people-centredness demands to concentrate more of our efforts on lower levels of administration and service delivery. But this additional dynamic across the sectors which is currently created during the initial implementation stages of the Agenda 2030 – this is the historic opportunity that will not return. It is therefore up to us to apply the lessons learnt we have shared and published: Let’s use this window of opportunity, on all levels, and let’s strengthen further our networks so that we use this opportunity most effectively.
Let me now come to the very practical, implementation aspects. All countries in the Region have started to work on nationalizing and further localizing the Agenda 2030, as the Goals are universally applicable. An increasing number of governments are integrating the SDGs in national visions, sustainable development strategies, plans and roadmaps. National target setting is ongoing. Institutional mechanisms are under development. Many national parliaments are engaged. This offers great opportunities to align national development and national health plans, and provide a whole new dynamic particularly for intersectoral interventions for health addressing social, economic and environmental determinants and health inequities.
We welcome the submissions from our European Member States to the high level political Forum, the central body where annual reporting of the Agenda 2030 occurs. Health and well-being, and “leave no one behind” are among the priorities in many of our countries.
At the European Regional level, UN agencies work together. Under the Regional Coordination Mechanism which brings together all UN regional directors two times a year, a UN issue based coalition on health is currently being developed. Led by WHO/EURO, it will address all Health 2020 related issues, but from now in the context of the Agenda 2030 and proactively strengthening synergies on regional and country levels.
As the WHO Regional Office for Europe, we have worked together with Member States to develop Health 2020 indicators and improve data collection, and developed a monitoring system with national targets that allows improved reporting, follow-up and review processes. The Agenda 2030 with its many targets and indicators, its international reporting requirements, and its still largely unresolved challenge how to disaggregate data to measure progress along various dimensions of inequality, constitutes additional challenges in our effort for better evidence of outcomes and impact. We, at the WHO Regional Office for Europe, have started the process of reviewing the further harmonization of indicators, reporting mechanisms and analysis across the Health 2020 and Agenda 2030 frameworks and will assist Member States, also through our Healthy Setting Networks, in this endeavour. It is, and will be again, an area in which much can be learnt from innovations on regional level, and we are looking forward to an even more intensified collaboration in this area with you.
We now need to develop a regional roadmap to implement the SDGs. This will build on what we have already achieved. From an initial mapping carried out, it becomes apparent, that the implementation of the SDGs requires:
A review and identification of regional priorities towards 2030.
A stronger focus throughout on governance and inter-sectoral action for health as well as “no-one left behind”
Alignments of national development and health policies and policy coherence across multiple goals
A stronger focus on the means of implementation, is also required, to both advance Health 2020 and the SDGs. This will certainly include strengthened public health capacities, more partnership, increased financing for health, innovation, further research, and enhanced monitoring and accountability
We are ready to work with all of you. We plan to consult with political and societal leaders, technical and professional experts, civil society, UN agencies, in various forums, including virtual forum, with all of you, and provide a regular update to the Standing Committee of the Regional Committee.
You can all contribute to support the development of the roadmap, as well as addressing the wider challenges of climate change.
Before concluding, let me recall, what together we said last year in Paris, with your Sovereign, His Serene Highness, Prince Albert II. Climate Change has no borders and is projected to become worse. The health consequences are already felt worldwide and will affect the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 3: health and well-being for all at all ages. Today we have delegates from the European Region’s small countries. In other regions of the world, the very existence of some small countries are endangered and need our full solidarity.
Implementing Health 2020 and addressing sustainable development, will increase countries adaptive capacity. With your experience and existing capacity, we will be able to
further advance the implementation of Health 2020 in the SDG perspective
further improve and develop technical capacity, share information, good practices, experiences and lessons learned, also on climate change and health;
support the scale-up of innovations and share best practices which are, for example, aimed at responding to the increasingly numerous urgencies caused by climate change;
engage with other Governments, civil society, scientists, and the wider global health and development community on intersectoral action; and therefore,
contribute to the achievements towards and beyond the next Environment and Health Ministerial Conference in June 2017 in Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Health 2020 and Agenda 2030: Whether through ‘health for all’ or ‘leaving no one behind’ – we will work for the well-being and sustainable development of current and future generations.