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Time line
- 1. TIME LINE OFTECHNOLOGY AND THE IMPACT ON PHOTOJOURNALISM Paula Cialek March 7, 2015 – Module 8
- 2. Technology has affectedphotojournalism in many ways since the 1800’s. As technology continues to change this allows photojournalists to report news in a more efficient manner. The time line attached will guide you through the history of technology advancements and how this has affected photojournalism from the 1800’s to today.
- 4. Louis Daguerre’s inventionof the Daguerrotype camera came to life in 1839. In 1829, the camera consisted of a wooden box with a lens at one end that threw an image onto a frosted sheet of glass at the other end. It wasn’t until August 19, 1839 when the process was revealed. Photographic images could be “developed” by using a strong solution of common salt which “fixed” the image by removing the remaining silver iodide, reducing exposure time to less than 30 minutes keeping the image from disappearing afterwards. This was an invention that would change photojournalism in a new way. The Daguerrotype camera enabled photojournalists to tell their story in a more efficient manner. Photographers were able to stage events just as painters staged paintings. http://www.thedaglab.com/site_images/dag_process_images/DAGapparatus.jpg http://www.librarycompany.org/catchingashadow/images/_large/1.1.jpg http://lowres-picturecabinet.com.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/43/main/5/84249.jpg DAGUERROTYPE - 1839
- 5. http://journals.hil.unb.ca/journalimages/MCR/1993/Vol_38/ mcr38art04_fig5.jpg https://mrjacklowe.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/20140501_010_jlowe_skye.jpg?w=584 http://www.historiccamera.com/librarium/ambrotype/ambrotype_image3.gif AMBROTYPE - 1850 Ambrotypea member of the Wet-Plate Collodion Process was invented in 1850 by James Ambrose Cutting and became a successful competitor of the Daguerreotype. This photographic process creates positive photographic image on a sheet of glass using the wet plate collodion process. This was a cheaper alternative to the Daguerreotype. Because glass was used and not paper, the wet plate created a more stable and detailed negative. Portable darkrooms were carried in the field due to wet plates needing to be developed quickly before the emulsion dried.
- 6. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- zlr1DNSqT4E/UHJUTBpCmGI/AAAAAAAACxg/_9EHXSz_ebQ/s640/url.gif In 1878 GeorgeEastman was one of the first to demonstrate the convenience of gelatin dry plates. This made developing film easier than wet plate. “Dry plates could be exposed and developed at the convenience of the photographer whereas wet plates had to be coated, exposed at once and developed while still wet.” 1886 commercialization of flexible and transparent film base and in 1891 the first day-light loading camera was marketed. Photographers could reload cameras without a dark room. This gave photographers the ability to take many pictures quickly and easily carried and handheld during operation. Because photography was simplified this gave more people the ability to take photos, not just trained photographers. This opened the door for more photojournalism. 1900 the Brownie camera was introduced by the Eastman Kodak Company. This camera was a small black box and snapshots were simple to take. All one had to do was hold the camera at waist height, aim and turn a switch. This camera was inexpensive selling for $1.00 and six exposure roll of film was only 15 cents. EASTMAN KODAK – 1888 http://www.industryleadersmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Eastman- Kodak-files-bankruptcy-e1325759384253.jpg
- 7. http://photo.net/philip- greenspun/photos/pcd0181/speed -graphic-sm.jpg http://giam.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c 10fd53ef017ee61021e7970d-500wi 1944 – SPEEDGRAPHIC CAMERA The Speed Graphic Camera became the dominant portable professional camera from the 1930’s through the end of the 1950’s. These cameras provided the highest quality of work and were engineered for commercial photography such as portraiture, advertising and documentary. The Graflex SLR with its focal plane shutter and reflex focusing became a successful press camera. So successful, the Graflex Company designed the Speed Graphic of 1912 specifically for the “press photographer”. The Speed Graphic camera became the still camera of WWII. Due to the technology of this camera it provided many famous images striking today for their technical and artistic beauty. This camera was used by photojournalists like Arthur Fellig or otherwise known as Weegee. These cameras were designed to be handheld or mounted on a tripod. Shutter speeds were as high as 1/1000 sec. allowing photojournalists the ability to shoot six successive images. A far advancement from staging people in order to take photos, as done in the 1870’s.
- 8. http://www.printoutlet.us/4_color/Gravure.jpg ROTOGRAVURE - 1905 Therotogravure process uses a rotary press with intaglio cylinders which provided the ability for printing magazines and newspapers at high speeds and long runs to handle circulation needs. Photojournalists were able to “get” their stories to the public quicker and to a larger medium. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/rotog ravures/rotoprocess.html
- 9. http://us.leica-camera.com/World-of-Leica/100-Years-of-Leica- Photography/Leica-100-years/Legendary-Leicas http://www.zeit.de/zeit-magazin/leben/2014-10/ernst-leitz-leica-new-york-fs-bilder/bitblt- 884x557-e1e81887646ea593c40cc4f01d12a89d9d35eef7/02-ernst-leitz-leica-zmo-gallery- landscape-vary.jpg 1925 – LEICA “Oncephotographing meant a large box camera on a tripod, shifting film plate after each shot - and working with a dark cloth over your head and the camera.” In 1925 The Leica 35mm still camera provided photojournalists with high quality lens that allowed pictures to be taken in ordinary outdoor settings with available light in a compact camera. This technology captured life and action in an instant at any angle without the photographer remaining unnoticed. This allowed candid pictures eliminating the stiff conventional artistic poses. The technology also provided the ability to enlarge pictures from a small negative.
- 10. http://petapixel.com/2010/08/05/the-worlds-first-digital-camera-by-kodak- and-steve-sasson/ 1975 – DIGITAL “Thedevelopment of digital technology saw tremendous advancements in technology and marked the beginning of the relatively short history of digital photography.” In 1975 an engineer from Eastman Kodak patented a prototype digital camera. The camera weight about nine pounds and was the size of a large toaster. It began with a black and white digital image which was stored on a cassette tape a special screen was developed in order for the engineers to view the images. This camera took 23 seconds to record the image to tape. This is a far cry from the 30 minutes it took to develop photos in 1839. This technology improved the way photojournalists took pictures. They don’t need to transport tons of equipment. They also don’t have to worry about running out of film or change out rolls of film with the possibility of missing a “shot”. The ease of putting in a new card allows a better chance for not missing an important picture/moment. The cards are small with multiple cards stored in a small case. Depending on the size of the card this allows more pictures to be stored versus the roll film which only holds up to 36 exposures. http://digitalwalt.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Nikon-digital-Camera-D50.jpg
- 11. 2002 CAMERA PHONES http://www-static.se-mc.com/blogs.dir/0/files/2013/05/xperia-t- overview-capture-1880x600-24b9f6e45313060c0e61e383add9b39a- 940x300.jpg http://blog.getbutterfleye.com/wp- content/uploads/2014/12/cell-phone-camera.jpg Thetechnology of camera phones provides the ability to take and send photos immediately. This allows professional photojournalists or amateurs to immediately upload events to the public. With a snazzy new lens, 8 megapixels and HD video, the camera is most impressive. “These camera phones allow the photographer on assignment to quickly enter into a dialogue with the public because of how quickly we can take and transmit images,” Smith says. “Photojournalists are pleased to have another tool in their toolbox.” The technology of camera phones provides a quality picture that allows the photographer to see the photo prior to uploading and sending. Camera phones are small and lightweight and very easily transported. The screens are bright and photos can be edited easier as well as compose photographs when shooting. Photographers are able to get in close and take advantage of the wide angle lens without have to change out lenses. Examples abound of pioneering shooters who take great images with simple tools, engage online audiences, and ultimately carve out careers for themselves based in some part on photography they make with their smartphones. Instagram is becoming a way that the news can be broadcasted through the technology of camera phones. All one needs is a phone and service and the news is uploaded instantly.