The lived experience of Australian nurses working in disaster environmentsJamie Ranse
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First PhD progress presentation delivered at the University of Canberra, Disciplines of Nursing and Midwifery Research Residential School, 31 March 2011
This document summarizes the research topics of Cong Yang's PhD dissertation, which includes optimization models and computational methods for modeling epidemic disease spread, phyllotactic patterns, gene regulatory networks, and metabolic networks using systems biology approaches. The PhD is supervised by Dr. Ching Wai-Ki and Dr. Tsing Nam-Kiu. Specific models discussed include dynamics of HIV spread in a single prison and prison system, with and without screening and quarantine control policies, and an optimal control model to minimize screening and quarantine costs in a two-prison system.
This document discusses the application of geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to exploration and production (E&P) data management and subsurface interpretation. It covers how GIS provides tools for data organization, visualization, querying, editing, spatial analysis, geoprocessing, and prediction. These capabilities allow GIS to be used across various stages of the E&P lifecycle including exploration, drilling, production, refining, transmission, and data management. The document concludes that using GIS in the oil and gas industry enables better decision making, cost savings and efficiency gains, and improved communication.
A PhD in nursing allows one to advance the field of nursing science through original research. A typical PhD nursing program takes 4-6 years and includes coursework, a research practicum, and a dissertation involving collecting or analyzing original data to answer a new research question. Obtaining a PhD allows nurses to develop the scientific foundation of the discipline, educate future nurses, and improve patient care through applying research findings to clinical practice.
PhD Oral Defense of Md Kafiul Islam on "ARTIFACT CHARACTERIZATION, DETECTION ...Md Kafiul Islam
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This document summarizes an oral defense presentation for a PhD dissertation on artifact characterization, detection, and removal from neural signals. The presentation outlines the background on in-vivo neural signals and EEG, problems and motivation regarding artifacts corrupting signals, thesis objectives, literature review on existing artifact removal methods, contributions of the dissertation including artifact study and proposed removal algorithms, and plans for future work. The presentation aims to investigate artifacts in neural data, develop automated detection and removal without distorting signals, evaluate methods, and improve applications like epilepsy detection and brain-computer interfaces.
The document summarizes the reserve estimation of the Titas gas field in Bangladesh using different methods. It describes the location and geology of the field and outlines the objectives to estimate gas initially in place, recoverable reserves, and recovery factor using volumetric, conventional material balance, and flowing gas material balance methods. The results show that the gas initially in place ranges from 6.2 to 11.3 trillion cubic feet depending on the method. The recoverable reserves and recovery factors are also estimated and compared for the different reservoir sands.
The lived experience of Australian nurses working in disaster environmentsJamie Ranse
Â
First PhD progress presentation delivered at the University of Canberra, Disciplines of Nursing and Midwifery Research Residential School, 31 March 2011
This document summarizes the research topics of Cong Yang's PhD dissertation, which includes optimization models and computational methods for modeling epidemic disease spread, phyllotactic patterns, gene regulatory networks, and metabolic networks using systems biology approaches. The PhD is supervised by Dr. Ching Wai-Ki and Dr. Tsing Nam-Kiu. Specific models discussed include dynamics of HIV spread in a single prison and prison system, with and without screening and quarantine control policies, and an optimal control model to minimize screening and quarantine costs in a two-prison system.
This document discusses the application of geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to exploration and production (E&P) data management and subsurface interpretation. It covers how GIS provides tools for data organization, visualization, querying, editing, spatial analysis, geoprocessing, and prediction. These capabilities allow GIS to be used across various stages of the E&P lifecycle including exploration, drilling, production, refining, transmission, and data management. The document concludes that using GIS in the oil and gas industry enables better decision making, cost savings and efficiency gains, and improved communication.
A PhD in nursing allows one to advance the field of nursing science through original research. A typical PhD nursing program takes 4-6 years and includes coursework, a research practicum, and a dissertation involving collecting or analyzing original data to answer a new research question. Obtaining a PhD allows nurses to develop the scientific foundation of the discipline, educate future nurses, and improve patient care through applying research findings to clinical practice.
PhD Oral Defense of Md Kafiul Islam on "ARTIFACT CHARACTERIZATION, DETECTION ...Md Kafiul Islam
Â
This document summarizes an oral defense presentation for a PhD dissertation on artifact characterization, detection, and removal from neural signals. The presentation outlines the background on in-vivo neural signals and EEG, problems and motivation regarding artifacts corrupting signals, thesis objectives, literature review on existing artifact removal methods, contributions of the dissertation including artifact study and proposed removal algorithms, and plans for future work. The presentation aims to investigate artifacts in neural data, develop automated detection and removal without distorting signals, evaluate methods, and improve applications like epilepsy detection and brain-computer interfaces.
The document summarizes the reserve estimation of the Titas gas field in Bangladesh using different methods. It describes the location and geology of the field and outlines the objectives to estimate gas initially in place, recoverable reserves, and recovery factor using volumetric, conventional material balance, and flowing gas material balance methods. The results show that the gas initially in place ranges from 6.2 to 11.3 trillion cubic feet depending on the method. The recoverable reserves and recovery factors are also estimated and compared for the different reservoir sands.
Remote sensing techniques can be used to monitor oil pollution from ships. Aerial observation and satellite imagery are effective tools to detect and monitor oil spills. Aerial observation uses tools like side-looking airborne radar, laser fluorosensors, infrared and ultraviolet sensors to locate oil slicks and map pollution from the air. Satellite synthetic aperture radar and optical sensors can also detect and monitor oil spills from space over large ocean areas. These remote sensing methods are useful for responding to accidents and illegal pollution from ships.
John McGaughey, CEO/President of Mira Geoscience offers his thoughts and the practices of integrated geophysical interpretation at the 3D Interest Group
This document summarizes research that used GIS techniques to automatically extract the topographic rims of buried calderas in Northeast Honshu, Japan from gravity anomalies and aeromagnetic data. The researchers used a watershed delineation algorithm to identify concave and convex features corresponding to caldera rims in the geophysical data. Results showed that gravity anomalies more clearly revealed caldera rims, but some rims were only identifiable in the aeromagnetic data. The technique successfully extracted rim locations that matched previously known caldera locations in the region.
This document outlines a dissertation that investigates whether un-moderated or moderated group participation is better for knowledge creation and convergence within an online community of practice (CoP). The study uses a mixed methods sequential explanatory design including a quasi-experimental pre-post test and qualitative interviews and content analysis. Results from the pre-post tests and qualitative analysis indicate that both moderated and un-moderated groups showed learning, but the moderated group performed better. The study suggests online collaboration can help build legal skills and minimize degraded judgments by facilitating knowledge convergence within the organization.
The document discusses the Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer between Botswana and Namibia. It notes that the region has limited data available, a sparse population, and water is mainly used for cattle and sheep farming. The climate is characterized by low precipitation of 120-240mm/annum and high evapotranspiration of 3000mm/annum. Land use is mostly pastoral livestock farming. The aquifer's geometry and water quality information is provided, along with details on available data sources for geology, hydrogeology, climate, and borehole information from various government departments.
This document proposes a method for automatically detecting compound structures from multiple hierarchical segmentations of remote sensing images. Compound structures contain spatial arrangements of primitive objects like buildings, trees, and roads. The method models compound structures as probabilistic region processes and learns their appearance and spatial models from training data. Candidate regions are extracted from hierarchical segmentations, and a constrained region selection framework is used to detect compound structure instances by selecting coherent subsets of regions that satisfy constraints. Approximate inference is performed using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling or quadratic programming under constraints.
This final version of the final Phd_dissertation_defense slides on topic "A System-Theoretic Safety Engineering
Approach for Software-Intensive Systems"
This is my PhD defense presentation discussing the work I did on improving scientific job execution in Grids and Clouds. It talks about how user patterns can be used to learn user behavior and improve meta-scheduler decisions. The resource abstraction layer proposed and implemented helps scientists to interact with a wide variety compute resources.
This document contains the agenda for Shobeir K. S. Mazinani's PhD dissertation oral defense at the School of Molecular Sciences. The defense will take place on November 13th and focus on Mazinani's research using molecular models and descriptors to study electron transport in molecular junctions and electrochemical electron transfer. The document outlines Mazinani's work applying theoretical approaches like the Landauer formula and polarizability calculations to examine conductance in examples like halo-benzenes and hydrogen bonds. It also summarizes Mazinani's studies of a nickel phosphine catalyst for hydrogen production and contributions of ligand geometry to its redox properties.
Thesis Defence for Doctor of Information ScienceYuma Inoue
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This document summarizes Yuma Inoue's doctoral thesis defense presentation on permutation set manipulation based on decision diagrams. The presentation covered topics including reversible circuit debugging, cycle-type partitioning of permutations, enumeration of topological orders using rotation-based ÏDDs, and other applications of permutation decision diagrams (ÏDDs) and related data structures. It provided examples and outlined Inoue's contributions to algorithms for manipulating and analyzing permutation sets in an efficient manner using decision diagrams.
Application of remote sensing in agriculturevajinder kalra
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The document discusses the concepts and applications of remote sensing, GIS, and GPS in agriculture. It defines remote sensing as sensing things from a distance using electromagnetic radiation and describes the different platforms (ground, air, satellite) used. It explains key remote sensing concepts including spectral signatures, spectral reflectance curves, spatial/spectral/radiometric/temporal resolutions, and indices like NDVI. Interpretation of remote sensing imagery involves analyzing tone, shape, size, pattern, texture, shadow, and association. Spectral signatures can provide information about vegetation, soil moisture, organic matter, iron content, and other properties. Remote sensing allows monitoring and analyzing agriculture from a distance.
This document discusses remote sensing and geographical information systems. It defines remote sensing as obtaining information about the Earth's surface without direct contact using sensors. Applications of remote sensing include urban planning, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. Geographical information systems integrate spatial data to analyze and visualize patterns. The document outlines how remote sensing from satellites provides a global perspective and both technologies are useful for civil engineering tasks like infrastructure planning, site analysis, and structural health monitoring.
This document provides an overview and schedule for an introduction to geophysics course. It outlines the course structure including exams, homework assignments, and office hours. Key topics that will be covered include seismic refraction, reflection, and inversion methods. Interpretations of geophysical data are described as non-unique, with more than one model potentially explaining observations. Examples of applying these methods to study crustal layering in the ocean basin and across tectonic faults are also presented.
This document discusses developing a new metallogenic framework to aid mineral exploration in the Cobar Basin region of New South Wales, Australia. It involves creating metallogenic maps to better understand the timing, sources, and conditions of mineralization. This includes commodity studies, mineral potential studies, and developing mineral system models from the state to regional scale. Broken Hill and Cobar metallogenic syntheses projects are underway at 500k scales. The Cobar project involves new basement interpretations, metamorphic mapping with over 11,000 petrographic observations, and HyLogger studies on 9,000m of core to better understand alteration associated with mineralization.
How to Defend your Thesis Proposal like a ProfessionalMiriam College
Â
The document provides tips for successfully defending a thesis proposal. It recommends that students plan their presentation as a team, thoroughly prepare the content and delivery, and anticipate questions from the panel. On the day of the defense, it advises dressing professionally, being on time, praying for confidence but not arrogance, engaging the audience, and avoiding verbal tics or defensiveness. It also notes students should record feedback and thank the panelists after the successful defense.
The use of geoinformatics in mineral exploration and exploitationMarguerite Walsh
Â
The document discusses the use of geoinformatics, including remote sensing techniques, in mineral exploration and exploitation. It provides several case studies demonstrating how different remote sensing data and techniques can be used to map surface geology and identify potential mineral deposits. These include using Landsat and ASTER satellite imagery to map surficial mineralogy across large areas, detect hydrothermal alteration zones indicating gold mineralization, and identify geothermal anomalies. Integrating remote sensing data with other spatial datasets in a GIS provides additional insights. Future opportunities discussed include the increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles and the upcoming Sentinel-2 satellite mission.
Cats should be subject to leash laws because as natural wanderers they pose risks to local wildlife populations and safety hazards in areas with vehicle traffic.
Remote sensing techniques can be used to monitor oil pollution from ships. Aerial observation and satellite imagery are effective tools to detect and monitor oil spills. Aerial observation uses tools like side-looking airborne radar, laser fluorosensors, infrared and ultraviolet sensors to locate oil slicks and map pollution from the air. Satellite synthetic aperture radar and optical sensors can also detect and monitor oil spills from space over large ocean areas. These remote sensing methods are useful for responding to accidents and illegal pollution from ships.
John McGaughey, CEO/President of Mira Geoscience offers his thoughts and the practices of integrated geophysical interpretation at the 3D Interest Group
This document summarizes research that used GIS techniques to automatically extract the topographic rims of buried calderas in Northeast Honshu, Japan from gravity anomalies and aeromagnetic data. The researchers used a watershed delineation algorithm to identify concave and convex features corresponding to caldera rims in the geophysical data. Results showed that gravity anomalies more clearly revealed caldera rims, but some rims were only identifiable in the aeromagnetic data. The technique successfully extracted rim locations that matched previously known caldera locations in the region.
This document outlines a dissertation that investigates whether un-moderated or moderated group participation is better for knowledge creation and convergence within an online community of practice (CoP). The study uses a mixed methods sequential explanatory design including a quasi-experimental pre-post test and qualitative interviews and content analysis. Results from the pre-post tests and qualitative analysis indicate that both moderated and un-moderated groups showed learning, but the moderated group performed better. The study suggests online collaboration can help build legal skills and minimize degraded judgments by facilitating knowledge convergence within the organization.
The document discusses the Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer between Botswana and Namibia. It notes that the region has limited data available, a sparse population, and water is mainly used for cattle and sheep farming. The climate is characterized by low precipitation of 120-240mm/annum and high evapotranspiration of 3000mm/annum. Land use is mostly pastoral livestock farming. The aquifer's geometry and water quality information is provided, along with details on available data sources for geology, hydrogeology, climate, and borehole information from various government departments.
This document proposes a method for automatically detecting compound structures from multiple hierarchical segmentations of remote sensing images. Compound structures contain spatial arrangements of primitive objects like buildings, trees, and roads. The method models compound structures as probabilistic region processes and learns their appearance and spatial models from training data. Candidate regions are extracted from hierarchical segmentations, and a constrained region selection framework is used to detect compound structure instances by selecting coherent subsets of regions that satisfy constraints. Approximate inference is performed using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling or quadratic programming under constraints.
This final version of the final Phd_dissertation_defense slides on topic "A System-Theoretic Safety Engineering
Approach for Software-Intensive Systems"
This is my PhD defense presentation discussing the work I did on improving scientific job execution in Grids and Clouds. It talks about how user patterns can be used to learn user behavior and improve meta-scheduler decisions. The resource abstraction layer proposed and implemented helps scientists to interact with a wide variety compute resources.
This document contains the agenda for Shobeir K. S. Mazinani's PhD dissertation oral defense at the School of Molecular Sciences. The defense will take place on November 13th and focus on Mazinani's research using molecular models and descriptors to study electron transport in molecular junctions and electrochemical electron transfer. The document outlines Mazinani's work applying theoretical approaches like the Landauer formula and polarizability calculations to examine conductance in examples like halo-benzenes and hydrogen bonds. It also summarizes Mazinani's studies of a nickel phosphine catalyst for hydrogen production and contributions of ligand geometry to its redox properties.
Thesis Defence for Doctor of Information ScienceYuma Inoue
Â
This document summarizes Yuma Inoue's doctoral thesis defense presentation on permutation set manipulation based on decision diagrams. The presentation covered topics including reversible circuit debugging, cycle-type partitioning of permutations, enumeration of topological orders using rotation-based ÏDDs, and other applications of permutation decision diagrams (ÏDDs) and related data structures. It provided examples and outlined Inoue's contributions to algorithms for manipulating and analyzing permutation sets in an efficient manner using decision diagrams.
Application of remote sensing in agriculturevajinder kalra
Â
The document discusses the concepts and applications of remote sensing, GIS, and GPS in agriculture. It defines remote sensing as sensing things from a distance using electromagnetic radiation and describes the different platforms (ground, air, satellite) used. It explains key remote sensing concepts including spectral signatures, spectral reflectance curves, spatial/spectral/radiometric/temporal resolutions, and indices like NDVI. Interpretation of remote sensing imagery involves analyzing tone, shape, size, pattern, texture, shadow, and association. Spectral signatures can provide information about vegetation, soil moisture, organic matter, iron content, and other properties. Remote sensing allows monitoring and analyzing agriculture from a distance.
This document discusses remote sensing and geographical information systems. It defines remote sensing as obtaining information about the Earth's surface without direct contact using sensors. Applications of remote sensing include urban planning, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. Geographical information systems integrate spatial data to analyze and visualize patterns. The document outlines how remote sensing from satellites provides a global perspective and both technologies are useful for civil engineering tasks like infrastructure planning, site analysis, and structural health monitoring.
This document provides an overview and schedule for an introduction to geophysics course. It outlines the course structure including exams, homework assignments, and office hours. Key topics that will be covered include seismic refraction, reflection, and inversion methods. Interpretations of geophysical data are described as non-unique, with more than one model potentially explaining observations. Examples of applying these methods to study crustal layering in the ocean basin and across tectonic faults are also presented.
This document discusses developing a new metallogenic framework to aid mineral exploration in the Cobar Basin region of New South Wales, Australia. It involves creating metallogenic maps to better understand the timing, sources, and conditions of mineralization. This includes commodity studies, mineral potential studies, and developing mineral system models from the state to regional scale. Broken Hill and Cobar metallogenic syntheses projects are underway at 500k scales. The Cobar project involves new basement interpretations, metamorphic mapping with over 11,000 petrographic observations, and HyLogger studies on 9,000m of core to better understand alteration associated with mineralization.
How to Defend your Thesis Proposal like a ProfessionalMiriam College
Â
The document provides tips for successfully defending a thesis proposal. It recommends that students plan their presentation as a team, thoroughly prepare the content and delivery, and anticipate questions from the panel. On the day of the defense, it advises dressing professionally, being on time, praying for confidence but not arrogance, engaging the audience, and avoiding verbal tics or defensiveness. It also notes students should record feedback and thank the panelists after the successful defense.
The use of geoinformatics in mineral exploration and exploitationMarguerite Walsh
Â
The document discusses the use of geoinformatics, including remote sensing techniques, in mineral exploration and exploitation. It provides several case studies demonstrating how different remote sensing data and techniques can be used to map surface geology and identify potential mineral deposits. These include using Landsat and ASTER satellite imagery to map surficial mineralogy across large areas, detect hydrothermal alteration zones indicating gold mineralization, and identify geothermal anomalies. Integrating remote sensing data with other spatial datasets in a GIS provides additional insights. Future opportunities discussed include the increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles and the upcoming Sentinel-2 satellite mission.
Cats should be subject to leash laws because as natural wanderers they pose risks to local wildlife populations and safety hazards in areas with vehicle traffic.
2. ïķIntroduction (airborne magnetic + gamma ray + faults)
ïķBasic theory (magnetic + gamma)
ïķProcessing data (pre-processing and processing)
ïķResult
ïķDiscussion
2
4. Total Count = 0.40-282 MeV
K-40 = 1.36-1.56 MeV
Bi-214 = 1.66-1.86 MeV
TI-208 = 2.42-2.82 MeV
4
50.3 L of NaI
5. 5
Survey Line
Spacing
Tie
Line
Fight
Altitude
Line
Direction
Type Survey
Survey A 1 Km 14 Km 1000 feets N-S
Proton magnetometer
- resolution âĪ 0.25 nT
Survey
B&C
1,2 āđāļĨāļ° 5
Km
14 Km 400 feet E-W
-Magnetometer
-VLF- EM
-Gamma ray spectrometer
Follow up
Survey
400 meters 5 Km 400 meters Up to
anomaly
-Proton magnetometer
-VLF-EM
11. ïĄ Radioactivity 226Ra, 232 Th, 40K
11
ïĻ ïĐïĻ ïĐïĻ ïĐYieldActivitylivetime
areaNet
Efficiency ï―
where :
Efficiency is the efficiency at photopeakenergy
Net area is net peak area of the correspondingphotopeak
Live time is collectedtime (7200 secound )
Activity is the activity level of a certain radionuclide(Bq/kg)
Yield is the emission probability of the gamma line corresponding to
the peak energy (%)
16. 16
Raw data
(aeromagnetic map)
Digitize data
(Golden soft ware Didger3.0)
Export Data (*.Dat)
Gridding (*.Grd)
(Golden software Surfer 8.0)
Contour map (*.Grd)
Digital Data ( *.Grd / *.XYZ)
nT
54. ïĄ Technique Analytic Signal (AS) corresponded with
Mag 3D inversion in term of magnetic contact and
depth
ïĄ K-lineament, eU-lineament , eTh-lineament and
Ternary-lineament are related (geothermal area SR
1,2,3 and 10)
ïĄ Could change the geology map of Surat Thani
Provimce such as Granite boundary
54
55. ïĄ Limestone in the KMFZ contained deformation
prodyct of granite alteration / weathering
55
4KalSi3O8+4H2O+2CO2 Al4(OH)8Si4O10+8SiO2+2K2CO34KalSi3O8+4H2O+2CO2 Al4(OH)8Si4O10+8SiO2+2K2CO3
4KalSi3O8+4H2O+2CO2 Al4(OH)8Si4O10+8SiO2+2K2CO3
4KalSi3O8+4H2O+2CO2 Al4(OH)8Si4O10 + 8SiO2+2K2CO3
āđāļāļĒāļāļĩāđ KAlSi3O8 = potash feldspar, Al4(OH)8Si4O10 = Kaolinite and K2CO3
āđāļāđāļāļŠāđāļāļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļģāļĢāđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļģāļĒāļāđāļģāđāļāđāļāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļāļāļ°āļāļāļāļ°āļāļāļāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļāļāļąāļ CaCO3 āļāļķāđāļāļāļ°āđāļāđāļŦāļīāļāļāļđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļāļĨāļķāļāđāļŦāļĄāđ
āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļāļ line spacing āļāđāļāļāļāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļĩāđāļĢāļđāļāļĢāđāļēāļ anomaly āđāļāļĒāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļ§āđāļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļĄ āļāļ°āđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļ āļāļ°āļāļģāļŦāļāļ āļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ 3 āđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļēāļāļāļīāļ§āļāļīāļāļāļķāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļ§āļąāļ Flight altitude āļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ 1 : 3 āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļ āļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļŠāđāļ§āļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļŦāđāļēāļāļāļāļāđāļŠāđāļāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļ āđāļāļĒāļāļąāđāļ§āđ āđāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļŠāđāļ§āļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļ line āļāļąāļ tie āļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ 1 : 5 Line direction should be perpendicular with anomaly
āļĢāļ°āļāļāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāļŠāđāļāļāđāļāļĢāđāļĄāļāļĢāļĩāļĢāļąāļāļŠāļĩāđāļāļĄāļĄāļēāļŦāļąāļ§āļ§āļąāļ HPGe
āđāļŦāļĨāđāļāļāđāļēāļĒāđāļāļāđāļēāļĻāļąāļāļĒāđāļŠāļđāļ (High Voltage Power Supply : HVPS) āļāļ°āļāļģāļŦāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāļŠāļĨāļąāļ 220 āđāļ§āļĨāļāđ āđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāļāļĢāļ
āļŦāļąāļ§āļ§āļąāļāļĢāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļāļ°āđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļĢāļąāļāļŠāļĩāđāļāđāļāđāļ electric pulse āļāļķāđāļāļāļ°āļāļđāļāļŠāđāļāđāļāļāļĩāđ PreAmp āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĢāļąāļāđāļāđāļāļĢāļđāļāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ
āđāļĨāđāļ§āļŠāđāļāđāļāļāļĩāđ Amp āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĒāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļāđāļŦāđāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļ (Voltage) āļāļĩāđāļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļāļāđāđāļāļīāļāđāļŠāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļĢāļąāļāļŠāļĩ
āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļāļāļāļąāļĨāļŠāđāļāļ°āļāļđāļāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāļāļĩāđ MCA