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Akkaluk Moppijit
5210220120
1
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tripob Bhongsuwan
Advisor
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science
Prince of Songkla University University
ïķIntroduction (airborne magnetic + gamma ray + faults)
ïķBasic theory (magnetic + gamma)
ïķProcessing data (pre-processing and processing)
ïķResult
ïķDiscussion
2
3 time of flight
altitude
1:5 line
spacing
3
Total Count = 0.40-282 MeV
K-40 = 1.36-1.56 MeV
Bi-214 = 1.66-1.86 MeV
TI-208 = 2.42-2.82 MeV
4
50.3 L of NaI
5
Survey Line
Spacing
Tie
Line
Fight
Altitude
Line
Direction
Type Survey
Survey A 1 Km 14 Km 1000 feets N-S
Proton magnetometer
- resolution â‰Ī 0.25 nT
Survey
B&C
1,2 āđāļĨāļ° 5
Km
14 Km 400 feet E-W
-Magnetometer
-VLF- EM
-Gamma ray spectrometer
Follow up
Survey
400 meters 5 Km 400 meters Up to
anomaly
-Proton magnetometer
-VLF-EM
6
Foot wall
Hangin wall
Normal faultReverse fault
Foot wall
Hanging wall
Strike – slip fault
7
KMFZ ?
H = horizontal magnetic field
X = north component
Y = Earth compenent
Z = Vertical component
I = inclination
D = declinatin
8
Btotal = -Bobserve +BA
Telford et al, (1998)
9
ï‚Ą (HGM)
ï‚Ą (AS)
Nabighian,1972
Roest et al,1992
M = total magnetic field
10
ï‚Ą Radioactivity 226Ra, 232 Th, 40K
11
ï€Ļ ï€Đï€Ļ ï€Đï€Ļ ï€ĐYieldActivitylivetime
areaNet
Efficiency ï€―
where :
Efficiency is the efficiency at photopeakenergy
Net area is net peak area of the correspondingphotopeak
Live time is collectedtime (7200 secound )
Activity is the activity level of a certain radionuclide(Bq/kg)
Yield is the emission probability of the gamma line corresponding to
the peak energy (%)
HPGe Detector
HVPS
Preamplifier Amplifier MCA
PC

Multi Channel Analyzer
Instrumentation
To Determine specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K
12
13
14
āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļąāļ”āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩāđāļāļĄāļĄāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āđˆāļēāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩāđāļāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ†
Nuclide Energy
(KeV)
Yield (%) Activity
(Bq)
Net area Efficienc
y
214Pb 295.224 19.3 1840.611 151714 0.059316
214Pb 351.932 37.6 1840.611 259522 0.052083
214Bi 609.312 46.1 1840.611 195422 0.031987
214Bi 768.356 4.94 1840.611 16826 0.025702
214Bi 1120.287 15.1 1840.611 43033 0.021505
214Bi 1377.7 4.11 1840.611 5685 0.021453
214Bi 1764.5 15.4 1840.611 38318 0.018775
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Gamma ray energy (keV)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Count(counts)
Pb-214(298.224keV)
Pb-214(351.932KeV)
Bi-214(609.312keV)
Bi-214(1120.287keV)
Bi-214(1764.5keV)
Bi-214(768.356keV)
Bi-214(1377.5keV)
15
16
Raw data
(aeromagnetic map)
Digitize data
(Golden soft ware Didger3.0)
Export Data (*.Dat)
Gridding (*.Grd)
(Golden software Surfer 8.0)
Contour map (*.Grd)
Digital Data ( *.Grd / *.XYZ)
nT
17
18
Total magnetic field
19
20
LAYER
DEPTH
(meters)
1 1318-7140
2
326-1318
3 0-326
1+2 326-7140
21
LAYER
DEPTH
(meters)
1 1318-7140
2
326-1318
3 0-326
1+2 326-7140
22
23
AB
B
24
HGM AS
25
HGM AS
26
27
Depth = 500 m
SI
28
SI
29
SI
30
Mineral Chemical Formula
Diopside CaMgFeSi2O6
Orthoclase KAlSi3.02 O 8
Albite intermediate NaAi1.08Si2.92O8
31
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļģāļ”āļ§āđˆāļģ āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™
āļĢāļ­āļĒāđ€āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™ KMFZ
(āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ āļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ“āļ°, 2556)
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļĒāđ€āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™ KMFZ
( āļāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļģāļāļĢāļ˜āļĢāļ“āļĩ
,2550)
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ™āđ‰ āļģāļžāļļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđƒāļ™
āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āļŠāļļāļĢāļģāļĐāļŽāļĢāđŒāļ˜āļģāļ™āļĩ
32āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ K grid 500 x 500 āđ€āļĄāļ•āļĢ āļĄāļģāļ•āļĢāļģāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 1: 1000000
āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ3 āļĄāļīāļ•āļī āļ„āđˆāļģāļāļąāļĄāļĄāļąāļ™āļ•āļ āļģāļžāļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ—āļģāļ‡āļ­āļģāļāļģāļĻāđ‚āļžāđāļ—āļŠāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ‹āđ‰āļ­āļ™āļ—āļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āļ§āļģāļĄāļŠāļđāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ‚ ASTER GDEM
33
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļģāļ”āļ§āđˆāļģ āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™
āļĢ āļ­ āļĒ āđ€ āļĨāļ·āđˆ āļ­ āļ™ KMFZ
(āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ āļž āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ“āļ°, 2556)
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļĒāđ€āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™ KMFZ
( āļāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļģāļāļĢāļ˜āļĢāļ“āļĩ
,2550)
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ™āđ‰ āļģāļžāļļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđƒāļ™
āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āļŠāļļāļĢāļģāļĐāļŽāļĢāđŒāļ˜āļģāļ™āļĩ
34āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ eTh Grid 500 x 500 āđ€āļĄāļ•āļĢāļĄāļģāļ•āļĢāļģāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 1: 1000000
āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 3 āļĄāļīāļ•āļī āļāļąāļĄāļĄāļąāļ™āļ•āļ āļģāļžāļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ—āļģāļ‡āļ­āļģāļāļģāļĻāļ—āļ­āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļŠāļĄāļĄāļđāļĨāļ‹āđ‰āļ­āļ™āļ—āļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āļ§āļģāļĄāļŠāļđāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ‚ ASTER GDEM
35
36
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļģāļ”āļ§āđˆāļģāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™
āļĢāļ­āļĒāđ€āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™ KMFZ
(āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ āļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ“āļ°, 2556)
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļĒāđ€āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™ KMFZ
( āļāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļģāļāļĢāļ˜āļĢāļ“āļĩ
,2550)
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ™āđ‰ āļģāļžāļļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđƒāļ™
āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āļŠāļļāļĢāļģāļĐāļŽāļĢāđŒāļ˜āļģāļ™āļĩ
āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ eU Grid 500 x 500 āđ€āļĄāļ•āļĢ āļĄāļģāļ•āļĢāļģāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 1: 1000000
āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 3 āļĄāļīāļ•āļī āļāļąāļĄāļĄāļąāļ™āļ•āļ āļģāļžāļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ—āļģāļ‡āļ­āļģāļāļģāļĻāļĒāļđāđ€āļĢāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄāļŠāļĄāļĄāļđāļĨāļ‹āđ‰āļ­āļ™āļ—āļąāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āļ§āļģāļĄāļŠāļđāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ‚ASTER GDEM
37
38
Color Space Technique
(RGB)
K = RED
eTh = Green
eU = Blue
IAEA, 2003
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļģāļ”āļ§āđˆāļģāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āļĢāļ­āļĒ
āđ€āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™ KMFZ
(āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ āļž āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ“āļ°, 2556)
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļĒāđ€āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™ KMFZ
( āļāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļģāļāļĢāļ˜āļĢāļ“āļĩ,2550)
āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļģāļžāļļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđƒāļ™āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”
āļŠāļļāļĢāļģāļĐāļŽāļĢāđŒāļ˜āļģāļ™āļĩ
39
āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ Ternary mapGrid 500 x 500 āđ€āļĄāļ•āļĢ āļĄāļģāļ•āļĢāļģāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 1:1000000
40
Phunpin = >1000 – 4000 m
Kirirathanikhom = > 1000 –
2000 m
Chaiya = >1000 – 3000 m
41
42āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ eU Grid 500 x 500 āđ€āļĄāļ•āļĢ āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 1: 1000000
43
Ppm/%
Type
Group 1 = 8,10,9
Group 2 = 13, 12, 2, 1
Group 3 = 5,4,7
āđāļœāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļīāđāļ—āđˆāļ‡āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļģāļ“āļāļąāļĄāļĄāļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩ 3 āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļąāļ”āļœāđˆāļģāļ™āļĢāļ­āļĒāđ€āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™
44
Group 1
â€Ē Limestone = 1.80 ppm
â€Ē
Group 2
â€Ē Limestone = 1.89, 2.93, 2.70,
5.70 ppm
Group 3
â€Ē Limestone = 2.28 ppm
Rock type Carbonate
K 0.00-0.5 (0.2)
U(ppm) 0.4-2.9 (1.6)
eTh(ppm) 0-2.9 (1.4)
IAEA, 2003
UTM 0498387 E / 0998472 N āļ­āļģāđ€āļ āļ­āļ„āļĩāļĢāļĩāļĢāļąāļāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄ
45
46
Ppm/%
Type
47
Rock type Carbonate ( IAEA, 2003) Limestone
K 0.00-0.5(0.2) 0.00-0.07(0.008) Âą 0.02
U (ppm) 0.4-2.9(1.6) 1.57-12.35(4.18) Âą 3.74
eTh (ppm) 0-2.9(1.4) 0.00– 9.34(2.78) ± 3.33
48
4KalSi3O8+4H2O+2CO2 Al4(OH)8Si4O10+8SiO2+2K2CO3
Median Pr_High Pr_Low
K % 0.57Âą 0.37 0.22 Âą 0.25
Uranium
(ppm)
5.41 Âą 2.66 2.04Âą 0.77
Thorium
(ppm)
9.12 Âą 7.88 6.22 Âą 3.01
āđāļœāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļī whisket box plot āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļŦāļīāļ™ limestone_High āđāļĨāļ° limestone_Low
Type
ppm/%
49
50
Ternary map āļĄāļģāļ•āļĢāļģāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđāļœāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 1:1000000
KGr-1
KGr-2
āđāļ™āļ§āļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļ˜āļĢāļ“āļĩāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļģāļŦāļīāļ™āđāļāļĢāļ™āļīāļ•
(āļ˜āļ‡āļŠāļąāļĒ āļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļąāļĻāļĄāļĩ, 2538)
51
Ppm/%
Type
KGr-1, KGr-2
Median KGr-1 KGr-2
K % 2.04 Âą 0.52 1.81 Âą 0.74
Uranium
(ppm)
5.48 Âą 1.63 5.77 Âą 1.13
Thorium
(ppm)
19.76 Âą 3.53 25.02 Âą 5.47
āđāļœāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļī whisket box plot āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļģāļ‡āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļŦāļīāļ™ KGr-1 āđāļĨāļ° KGr-2
52
Type
Ppm/%
53
Median Qa Qc_up Qc_down Qmc Qt
K % 0.78 Âą 0.72 0.37 Âą 0.96 0.30 Âą0.14 0.81Âą 0.39 0.37 Âą0.47
Uranium
(ppm)
2.74 Âą 1.47 2.98 Âą 1.22 1.66 Âą 2.09 3.01 Âą 1.56 1.93 Âą 1.70
Thorium
(ppm)
11.99 Âą 5.29 11.76 Âą 4.66 8.69 Âą2.96 13.85 Âą 4.62 7.67 Âą4.61
ï‚Ą Technique Analytic Signal (AS) corresponded with
Mag 3D inversion in term of magnetic contact and
depth
ï‚Ą K-lineament, eU-lineament , eTh-lineament and
Ternary-lineament are related (geothermal area SR
1,2,3 and 10)
ï‚Ą Could change the geology map of Surat Thani
Provimce such as Granite boundary
54
ï‚Ą Limestone in the KMFZ contained deformation
prodyct of granite alteration / weathering
55
4KalSi3O8+4H2O+2CO2 Al4(OH)8Si4O10+8SiO2+2K2CO34KalSi3O8+4H2O+2CO2 Al4(OH)8Si4O10+8SiO2+2K2CO3
4KalSi3O8+4H2O+2CO2 Al4(OH)8Si4O10+8SiO2+2K2CO3
4KalSi3O8+4H2O+2CO2 Al4(OH)8Si4O10 + 8SiO2+2K2CO3
āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆ KAlSi3O8 = potash feldspar, Al4(OH)8Si4O10 = Kaolinite and K2CO3
āđ‚āļžāđāļ—āļŠāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ„āļģāļĢāđŒāļšāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ•āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĨāļ°āļĨāļģāļĒāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļģāļˆāļˆāļ°āļ•āļāļ•āļ°āļāļ­āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļāļąāļ™ CaCO3 āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŦāļīāļ™āļ›āļđāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļāļœāļĨāļķāļāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ
56
Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tripob Bhongsuwan

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Editor's Notes

  1. āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ” line spacing āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļđāļ›āļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡ anomaly āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļĄ āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļšāļīāļ™ āļˆāļ°āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ” āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ 3 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļœāļīāļ§āļ”āļīāļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ§āļąāļ” Flight altitude āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ 1 : 3 āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļŦāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ† āđ„āļ›āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ line āļāļąāļš tie āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ“ 1 : 5 Line direction should be perpendicular with anomaly
  2. āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļŠāđ€āļ›āļāđ‚āļ•āļĢāđ€āļĄāļ•āļĢāļĩāļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩāđāļāļĄāļĄāļēāļŦāļąāļ§āļ§āļąāļ” HPGe āđāļŦāļĨāđˆāļ‡āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļĻāļąāļāļĒāđŒāļŠāļđāļ‡ (High Voltage Power Supply : HVPS) āļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāļŠāļĨāļąāļš 220 āđ‚āļ§āļĨāļ—āđŒ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāļ•āļĢāļ‡ āļŦāļąāļ§āļ§āļąāļ”āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩāđ„āļ›āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ electric pulse āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆ PreAmp āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆāļ‡āļĢāļđāļ›āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ“ āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆ Amp āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļ‡ (Voltage) āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļąāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āđ€āļŠāđ‰āļ™āļāļąāļšāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĩ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļąāļĨāļŠāđŒāļˆāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆ MCA
  3. āļŦāļīāļ™āļ­āļēāļĒāļļāļ„āļĢāļĩāđ€āļ—āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŠ (Kp) (145.5-65.5 āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ›āļĩ)