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Thermo2 ch06 pg108-124

Termodinamik 2 entropi

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
9 1D5?"+ 6 -+6 +8 J*++ +B1=1 *(( 0 " ! " % & ! .6 E ' " % ' ! % " % ! 3 -+6 +8 % % J(+- +B-NM *(( A6 ! 3 -+6 J8((+-*++ & ! " ! & ! M(( $ ?/ B(( ?/ =B( $ -((( R 0 " ! U 0 ! & V 1D5?"+ .6 $ % =B( ' 0 " ! ! 3 -+6= 5 JB- M(( -((( -+6- J**=- =B( -((( -+6-= 5 J+*=(**=-B- " 0# 0 ! ! & & # $ ' & ! 6 $ % B(( ' 0 " ! 0 ! 3 -+6= 5 JB- M(( -((( -+6- J8 B(( -((( -+6-= 5 JB+8B-
9 B 6 " % 0# " ! =((( =(( R " % -B( 6 " % 6 C % % % ! & V .6 " ! ! & V 1D5?"+ 6 % 3 *N8( +BN=1 +B-NM+BN=1 .. .. .. 2 !3 +6.. B1=8MB=((W*N8(W .6 2 ! 3 -+6 .. .. J=+N( +BN=1 =(( , " 3 .. +68-=-+=B=18MB=(( , " ! 3 -+6 J=-N( +B-NM 8-=-+= ! 0 " * X> % 1((( 6; 1 0 & % ? " ' ( +( X> 0 ! 6 5! ' & V .6 U % ! V 1D5?"+ 6 5! " ! % " $ 0 3 (+-%) 7 +-+- /./. + + ++ + - ++ - + +-+- ( ( )( ) ) )(( ) +6 ( ( * 8N-(-(/ +( * .W+BB=1W-M=(W1/. - + .6 U % ! 7 ++6 JB-B1 +BB=1 8N-(-(+- + + +-
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9= F ! 3 -+6 J(++B+(B+N(NBN*( E ! " ! " ! ! ! 0# 0 +(( 6 % -(( > " +-( 0J 0 .,/ +B(( 6 % -(( > " & . / ! ! .6/ ! M(( 6 % -(( > " ! -(( 6 " % +-( RJ $ .Z" %/ # ! ! & & 0 ! $ ! % ! # % $ ! & % # . ! / % $ .[ /. RJ / V 1D5?"+ # ## $$$$$ ( +#-+6+#+6$ +(( J+B+(N(J(-+8- -(( +(( ! +#+6+#+6$ +(( J-M++=J+-=*N -(( +B(( ! 4 +#-+6$ +(( J(=B*+(+(11B -(( M(( ! $$$++6 /.J-(( ++# JB-+8 ## +-+6 JB+-+ +B-N1WB+-+(+ . ++6 J*B**1(B

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Thermo2 ch06 pg108-124

  • 1.
    ! "# !$#"# ! "# $ ! " % & ! # ! ! ! ' ' ( % #"& % $" ' (# # ) * + , ' " % ! " % , + , - ! ! .- ! / ( -+ ' 0 ! # , 1 # ( 1+ 2 3 1- 4# 0 ' )*+ ( ! ! ! 0 " % ! 2 5 " ! 0 " $ % 0 #
  • 2.
    , $ - .*$! " $ /$( 0 " 6 " % % ' 7 (( - + 8 1 ' ! " " 3 ( 9-: )*+ " % " % 0 . / ' ! $ - &" % . *$! "/$ $ /$( 0 " " % " & & 0 ! # % % ! ' " 6 " % " % ' 3 ++ ( - + 8 1 ( 91: )*+ " % " " % 0 ' " 1$! "&$ * 2$ $& - )* 34& )- )- 0 - 5& ( 6 - % 1; ! " % " ! 0 " 3 ( 98: 6 ! 0# " % " ' " % ' ! 3 (< 0 & ( < " % (< " %
  • 3.
    $ - "$57) )" 7$( 0 " * (# #-# ) =; 0# >?@ 0 +?- ! . / " , % % , " 0 ,? 0 ! & " ! 0 6 " % ! 6 " % " 3 ( A A AA (AA ( ' " ! " 3 9B: ! ' )*+ ! " ! 7) )" 7$( 0 "&$ * 8$ $& )*+ % ! . / " ! ! % 2 < 0 & < < ) * - % ! >?@ 0
  • 4.
    C % D( E D " -# &'$- ! # ! ! & % " % (< 0 & ( < ( < 5 " % !% ! ( (< 0 & (< (< $ + F ! 5 0# & ! % " % 0# # ! " ! 3 ) G 1 E % " % " ! ( " % ' 0 " ! % ! ; 6 ! 0# ! 3 C % " 0 ' " % ! 7 ( ! ! 7 ( % / ++ . ( ! ( H / ++ . ( ' ' % ! 7
  • 5.
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
  • 6.
    < ' 9*: ( )%9=: *) (( )*() 9M: * ) (( ) 9N: N; ' -; 7 ) ) * * ) (( ) % 9+(: ) ) *) (( ) * % ) ) *) (( ) () % ) ) * ( ( % ) ) % - + - + - + /. ( ( % ) ) % ( ( % ) ) *% + - + - +- ( ( % ) ) % 9+-: =; ! & ' # & % 0 0 ! & 7 ( )% ) ( % ) ) *% - + - + ) ) *% + - + - +- ) ) *% 9+1: , =; ' & % 0 0 ! & 7 *) (( )*() )*( ) ) (% ) (*% /. ( ) %
  • 7.
    = - + - + - + ( *% + - + - +- ( ( *% 9+8: $ "!$ %# 0 0# 0 ! % % ! ! 7 )' ( ) ( ) +''( )' /././. +'' /. +'/. ' +/. ! ! ! ' & 3 + ( &# - $"&$ /$ 7$( 0 " $- .# 0 ! % " ! ! % & ' ! 0 " ! ! 0 " ! % " I 0 7 - + ! ! ' ! ' 0 " ! 0 0 " ! ' ' " ' # !# ' ,- . / $ . . + 0 . . . # . . . + + . ! . 1 2 & # 0 " ' E " ! ! ! E " % ' ! " %
  • 8.
    > ! & "& ' ' 3 ! E ! ' ! % 0 " " & # " 0 & C % ! " 0 (( *#' - $"&$ /$ 7$( 0 " $- .# ," ' 0 ! " ! " ' 0 !?" ! 0 ! 0 " ! -2 0# % ! ! & 3 !## -2 ( 2 ' 0 " ! % " & ! ' . ! /3 -2 ##! + (+ ( % 0 !?" ! % " % 0 " 7 ! ! ! ' 0# ! . -2J /& ! % ' " " 0 " % ! ! % ! 3 6 ? $'& '#0&# *#' - - $"@ (-2 .6 7?52? '#0&# /$ 2$& *#' - - $"@ -2 -2 /. ++-- 5 ' 3 /% . '6 $ " ) 0 " & ! % % % # & ! ! 6 " % 0 " " % ! ! 3 ! ! 4 + 2 5 & &
  • 9.
    >@ D & !& ! ! " 0 " 4 " & ! & ! " ! # " 0 " # " ! ' + % / + % 0 " & ! & ! 0# 5 % ! ! % " ' " 3 6 5! J % 0 " ! ! ! # 6 5! J % ! ! 0 " ! ! # #A '&#' 3 -6 7 % 2 "& # O 0 & ! "# # 5 "# " 0 ! % ? . ? / 0 ? 0 & ! " 0 " ! 0# ? 0 & ! " " & ! 0 " ! & ! ' I ! ? 0 " ! 0# ? 0 (D & )D & C % H% ! ' $ (D ! & . D% H D% / ) * 8 ! ? 0 0#
  • 10.
    B P Q ! ! >?@% ? 0 0# ! >?@ 0 ! 0 " ! ! % ? 0 ! ' $ % 0 % ) * B >?@ 0 ? 0 >?@ % ? 0 " % " # ! O ! ! 6 " % " >?@ % ? 0 0# 0 " % ! % $ 0 " # ) * * 6 " % >?@ % ? 0 0#
  • 11.
    1 C " %& +((( $ *(( R +B( R ! # ! % 0 1(( $ % 5 7 6 6 ! 0# # . 6 6 0# # 1D5?"+ 0 ! 6 ! % 6 # 0# # 0# 6 -+6 - +6 - +6 .. .. JN( 1(( 8B( +((( *(( ( 6 ! 0# 0 . 6 E# % ! " ! % ! ! 7 /-B.S-B( *(( 8B( ++ .. . . /=(.S=(( +((( 1(( ++ .. @ " . . ? 0# " 6 ! " ! % & 9 B( 0 B(( # " -MB 0# % " 0# 0 0 # 0 . 6 / ( 8B $J. 0 / 7 / " ! & / 4# ! & / & ! " ! & 1D5?"+ 6 7 D . E-?E+ / D 6 + - - - &-+#+8+#& B(( -MB /J.8B(B( TE D ?+- *B $J .6 4# ! & " # 0# 0 " 7 ( ( ( ? D 79 L 7- L 7(
  • 12.
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
  • 13.
    9 1D5?"+ 6 -+6 +8 J*++ +B1=1 *(( 0 " !" % & ! .6 E ' " % ' ! % " % ! 3 -+6 +8 % % J(+- +B-NM *(( A6 ! 3 -+6 J8((+-*++ & ! " ! & ! M(( $ ?/ B(( ?/ =B( $ -((( R 0 " ! U 0 ! & V 1D5?"+ .6 $ % =B( ' 0 " ! ! 3 -+6= 5 JB- M(( -((( -+6- J**=- =B( -((( -+6-= 5 J+*=(**=-B- " 0# 0 ! ! & & # $ ' & ! 6 $ % B(( ' 0 " ! 0 ! 3 -+6= 5 JB- M(( -((( -+6- J8 B(( -((( -+6-= 5 JB+8B-
  • 14.
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  • 15.
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