Jesus teaches his disciples about prayer in response to their request. He gives them a model prayer focusing on hallowing God's name, desiring his kingdom to come, and acknowledging dependence on him for daily provision and forgiveness. Jesus encourages prayer by reminding them of God's generosity like a father who provides for his children, and says God will give the Holy Spirit to those who ask. He emphasizes making prayer a priority and having the right priorities in prayer, such as honoring God and trusting in his provision.