The document discusses the use of oral anesthetics in Albanian society. It analyzes data from dental clinics in Tirana, Saranda, and overall in Albania. The data shows that while older generations favored the less expensive local anesthetic Profarma Lidocaine, younger generations preferred newer anesthetics available in cartridges due to their safety, anesthetic properties, and less painful administration. Overall, cartridge anesthetics were used in around 68% of cases compared to 32% for Profarma Lidocaine. The reasons for choosing different anesthetics related to their cost, pharmacological properties, safety, and the clinics' access to financial resources to purchase newer products.

1. The use of oral
anesthetics in Albanian
society
Geralda HIMOLLARI*
Dr.Sh. Edlira BARUTI**

2. Cocaina Niemann 1859 Ester
Benzocaina Salkowski 1895 Ester
Procaina Einhorn 1904 Ester
Tetracaina Eisler 1928 Ester
Lidocaina Lofgren 1941 Amid
Cloroprocaina Marks, Rubin 1949 Ester
Mepivacaina Ekenstam 1956 Amid
Bupivacaina Ekenstam 1957 Amid
Ropivacaina Sandberg 1989 Amid
Profarma Lidocaine Profarma-Tirana 1960 Amid
The History of anesthetics
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E.BARUTI**
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3. Index:
1. PUSC – Public Universitary Stomatological Clinics
2. PL - Profarma Lidocaine
3. DAC– Derivates available in cartidges
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4. Universitary Clinics of Tirana
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E.BARUTI**
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5. The reasons for its use
PUSC
• The low cost
• The same pharmacological
properties as other solutions in
glass confections,
• Being satisfied with its use over
time and the lack of information
regarding the new scientific data
Non-PUSC
• The fact that they are the newest
products released in the dental
international market
• Their good anesthetic properties,
their safety and also the
possession of more financial
sources.
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E.BARUTI**
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6. PL DAC
I-st Age
categories 20% 80%
II-nd Age
categories 16.6% 83.4%
III-st Age
categories 80% 20%
Saranda (16 clinics)
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E.BARUTI**
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7. The reasons for its use
PL
• The patient can’t pay for the services
• Good anesthetic properties
• Good results concluded
• The geographic distance
DAC
• The newest products released in the
dental international market
• Good anesthetic properties
• More safety
• Less painful
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E.BARUTI**
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8. PL DAC
I-st Age
categories
12.5% 87.5%
II-nd Age
categories
10.8% 89.2%
III-st Age
categories
67.8% 32.2%
Tirana (90 clinics)
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G.HIMOLLARI*
E.BARUTI**
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9. The reasons for its use
PL
• The patient can’t pay for the services
• Their good anesthetics properties and
results
• Investing in Albanian industry (Profarma)
DAC
• Less painful
• Their safety
• The newest products released in the
dental international market
• Good anesthetic properties
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E.BARUTI**
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10. PL DAC
I-st Age
categories 16.25% 83.75%
II-nd Age
categories 13.7% 86.3%
III-st Age
categories 73.9% 26.1%
Total 31.15% 68.85%
In total 106 clinics
(Sr+Tr)
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E.BARUTI**
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11. Conclusions:
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12. The reasons for its use
PL
• Lower cost
• The same pharmacological properties
• Good results
• Investment in Albanian Industry
• The geographic distance
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13. The reasons for its use
• The newest products released in the
dental international market
• Good anesthetic properties,
• Less painful
• Their safety
• The possession of more financial
sources.
DAC
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E.BARUTI** 13
Damaged tin, but all
cartridges survived

14. Any question?!
Tel. 355 69 33 21 876
Web - g.himollari@yahoo.com