The Phoenicians lived in Phoenicia, a narrow coastal region located in what is now Lebanon. Phoenicia was never a unified state, but rather comprised independent city-states, with the most powerful being Byblos, Sidon, and Tyre at different times. The Phoenicians developed advanced seafaring and trade networks and their alphabet influenced many others. They produced glass, textiles, pottery and worked metals. After defeats in the Punic Wars by Rome, Phoenician culture declined and Rome became the dominant power in the Mediterranean.
Canosa is a town located in Apulia, Italy between Bari and Foggia. It has a long history dating back to its founding by the Greek hero Diomedes. During Roman times, Canosa became a municipium of Rome and was known for producing ceramic vases both with geometric designs and imitating Greek styles. Today, Canosa remains an important archaeological site with structures like the Basilica of San Leucio, necropolis, and the Cathedral of San Sabino reflecting its historical significance over multiple periods.
- The document provides background information on prehistoric Aegean civilizations including the Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean cultures from 3000 BCE to 1200 BCE. It describes key characteristics of Cycladic art including marble statuettes of nude women. It then discusses major Minoan palaces like Knossos and features of Minoan frescoes. Finally, it summarizes Mycenaean fortified palaces and tomb architecture and art including repousse masks and inlaid dagger designs.
The document outlines the official chronology of ancient Rome from its founding in 753 BCE through the fall of Rome in 476 CE. It then provides details on Roman architecture, innovations like concrete and barrel vaults, as well as domestic and public buildings. Roman painting styles are described, including the four Pompeian styles. Sculpture is also summarized, from realistic portraits of the Republic to imperial propaganda. Overall, the Romans were great builders who developed new architectural forms and had a large impact on Western art through their innovative use of materials and artistic traditions.
The city of Mérida was founded in 25 BC by Octavian Augustus as the capital of the Roman province of Lusitania to settle retired Roman soldiers. Today it contains some of the largest and most extensive archaeological remains in Spain, including a Roman theater, amphitheater, aqueduct, and bridge over the Guadiana River, all dating back to the Roman colonial period. The archaeological site was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.
The time in European history of this snapshot of Celtic cultural development is approximately 800 B.C. The Celtic people here were an iron using people who traded salt to the south as far as Italy and as far north as Bohemia. "The grave goods - predominantly iron-made - ... indicated a sophisticated and hierarchical society. These people, superb iron-workers, owned and buried beautifully-decorated vessels, ornamented weaponry and horse trappings, all of a standard much advanced upon that recorded from earlier Europe, reflecting a decisive and recognizable social structure."
Mesopotamia Antigua: Ancient MesopotamiaAlfonso Poza
Mesopotamia, known as the "land between the rivers", was the site of some of the earliest urban civilizations beginning in the 6th millennium BC. The Sumerians developed one of the earliest writing systems, cuneiform script, using wedge-shaped symbols pressed into clay tablets. Architecture featured ziggurats, large temple towers built in receding stories, and the society was organized with the king and priests at the top and slaves at the bottom. Hammurabi further developed Mesopotamian civilization in the 18th century BC by creating one of the earliest legal codes.
The document provides an overview of the three ancient Aegean cultures - the Cycladics, Minoans, and Mycenaeans. It discusses their geographic locations, time periods of prominence, and artistic achievements. The Cycladics inhabited the Cyclades Islands and produced marble figurines. The Minoan civilization was based on Crete and reached its peak around 1700-1500 BCE, evidenced by their elaborate palaces at Knossos, Phaistos, and Malia. The Minoans excelled in pottery, frescoes, and international trade. The Mycenaeans inhabited mainland Greece and were influenced by Minoan and Cycladic cultures.
The Phoenicians lived in Phoenicia, a narrow coastal region located in what is now Lebanon. Phoenicia was never a unified state, but rather comprised independent city-states, with the most powerful being Byblos, Sidon, and Tyre at different times. The Phoenicians developed advanced seafaring and trade networks and their alphabet influenced many others. They produced glass, textiles, pottery and worked metals. After defeats in the Punic Wars by Rome, Phoenician culture declined and Rome became the dominant power in the Mediterranean.
Canosa is a town located in Apulia, Italy between Bari and Foggia. It has a long history dating back to its founding by the Greek hero Diomedes. During Roman times, Canosa became a municipium of Rome and was known for producing ceramic vases both with geometric designs and imitating Greek styles. Today, Canosa remains an important archaeological site with structures like the Basilica of San Leucio, necropolis, and the Cathedral of San Sabino reflecting its historical significance over multiple periods.
- The document provides background information on prehistoric Aegean civilizations including the Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean cultures from 3000 BCE to 1200 BCE. It describes key characteristics of Cycladic art including marble statuettes of nude women. It then discusses major Minoan palaces like Knossos and features of Minoan frescoes. Finally, it summarizes Mycenaean fortified palaces and tomb architecture and art including repousse masks and inlaid dagger designs.
The document outlines the official chronology of ancient Rome from its founding in 753 BCE through the fall of Rome in 476 CE. It then provides details on Roman architecture, innovations like concrete and barrel vaults, as well as domestic and public buildings. Roman painting styles are described, including the four Pompeian styles. Sculpture is also summarized, from realistic portraits of the Republic to imperial propaganda. Overall, the Romans were great builders who developed new architectural forms and had a large impact on Western art through their innovative use of materials and artistic traditions.
The city of Mérida was founded in 25 BC by Octavian Augustus as the capital of the Roman province of Lusitania to settle retired Roman soldiers. Today it contains some of the largest and most extensive archaeological remains in Spain, including a Roman theater, amphitheater, aqueduct, and bridge over the Guadiana River, all dating back to the Roman colonial period. The archaeological site was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.
The time in European history of this snapshot of Celtic cultural development is approximately 800 B.C. The Celtic people here were an iron using people who traded salt to the south as far as Italy and as far north as Bohemia. "The grave goods - predominantly iron-made - ... indicated a sophisticated and hierarchical society. These people, superb iron-workers, owned and buried beautifully-decorated vessels, ornamented weaponry and horse trappings, all of a standard much advanced upon that recorded from earlier Europe, reflecting a decisive and recognizable social structure."
Mesopotamia Antigua: Ancient MesopotamiaAlfonso Poza
Mesopotamia, known as the "land between the rivers", was the site of some of the earliest urban civilizations beginning in the 6th millennium BC. The Sumerians developed one of the earliest writing systems, cuneiform script, using wedge-shaped symbols pressed into clay tablets. Architecture featured ziggurats, large temple towers built in receding stories, and the society was organized with the king and priests at the top and slaves at the bottom. Hammurabi further developed Mesopotamian civilization in the 18th century BC by creating one of the earliest legal codes.
The document provides an overview of the three ancient Aegean cultures - the Cycladics, Minoans, and Mycenaeans. It discusses their geographic locations, time periods of prominence, and artistic achievements. The Cycladics inhabited the Cyclades Islands and produced marble figurines. The Minoan civilization was based on Crete and reached its peak around 1700-1500 BCE, evidenced by their elaborate palaces at Knossos, Phaistos, and Malia. The Minoans excelled in pottery, frescoes, and international trade. The Mycenaeans inhabited mainland Greece and were influenced by Minoan and Cycladic cultures.
Sarmisegetuza Regia was the capital of pre-Roman Dacia located in the Orastie Mountains at an altitude of 1,200 meters. It contained a citadel, living areas, and a sacred zone with various temples and sanctuaries, including a large circular sanctuary resembling Stonehenge. Nearby was Ulpia Traiana Sarmisegetuza, the capital of Roman Dacia founded around 108-110 AD, which served as the political, administrative, and religious center with a population of 20,000-25,000 within fortified walls. Both sites provide remains that have helped archaeologists understand Dacian and Roman civilization in the region.
Petra is an ancient Nabataean city in western Jordan known for its massive red sandstone facades carved into rock cliffs. It was inhabited around 1200 BCE by the Edomites and later the Nabataeans, whose greatest king was Aretas IV from 9 BCE to 40 CE. There are three ways to enter Petra - by riding a horse, riding a horse-drawn carriage, or walking through the Siq, a 2km narrow gorge with walls up to 80m high. Within Petra are numerous rock-cut tombs showing Egyptian, Greek, and Nabataean influences, as well as structures like an obelisk tomb and the famous Treasury, a royal tomb carved to resemble
Jordan's main touristic attractions include Petra, one of the seven wonders of the world famous for its rock-cut architecture; Jerash, with well-preserved ruins from the Greco-Roman era like temples and a colonnaded street; and the Dead Sea, the lowest point on Earth. Amman is the capital city, with ancient ruins on hills dating back over 7,000 years alongside modern areas for nightlife. Other popular destinations are Madaba known for Byzantine-era mosaics, Um Qais and Aqaba for mountain views, and Wadi Rum and Wadi Mujib for natural scenery within desert and canyon landscapes.
Ancient Drangiana. Silk Road, and Kuh-i Khwaja: Holy Place of Zoroastrianism, Mithraism, and Buddhism
ΑΝΑΔΗΜΟΣΙΕΥΣΗ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΣΗΜΕΡΑ ΑΝΕΝΕΡΓΟ ΜΠΛΟΓΚ “ΟΙ ΡΩΜΙΟΙ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΑΤΟΛΗΣ”
Το κείμενο του κ. Νίκου Μπαϋρακτάρη είχε αρχικά δημοσιευθεί την 21η Σεπτεμβρίου 2019.
First republished on 3rd September 2021 here:
https://profmegalommatistextsingreek.wordpress.com/2021/09/03/αρχαία-δραγγιανή-δρόμοι-του-μεταξιού/
This presentation is about the seven wonders of Ancient History. Also with beautiful picuters which easily elaborates the view of location on that period of centuries.
The document summarizes Spanish Minister of Industry, Energy and Tourism's visit to Turkey from November 9-17, 2013. It includes visits to a school, work meetings, and a geothermal energy center. It also provides background information on geothermal energy in Turkey and Spain. Additionally, it describes several important historical cities in Turkey including Pamukkale, Sardis, Manisa, Ephesus, and Hierapolis.
Circus Maximus is an ancient Roman circus located in Rome, Italy. It was the largest circus in ancient Rome and had a capacity of 150,000 spectators. The circus was constructed in the 6th century BC and later expanded by Julius Caesar in 50 BC. It was 600 meters long and 225 meters wide. Races and other events were held here to entertain the public.
I apologize for any confusion, as an AI assistant I do not have personal opinions or experiences. I was designed by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest in discussions.
The Danube Delta is a unique ecosystem due to its high biodiversity and natural resources. There are many monasteries in Romania, especially in northern Moldavia, which were often built by rulers to thank God for military victories. Colonia Ulpia Traiana was the capital of Roman Dacia, founded under Emperor Trajan on the command of governor Decimus Terentius Scaurianus.
The Danube Delta is a unique ecosystem due to its high biodiversity and natural resources. There are many monasteries in Romania, especially in northern Moldavia, which were often built by rulers to thank God for military victories. Colonia Ulpia Traiana was the capital of Roman Dacia, founded under Emperor Trajan in the first years after conquering Dacia.
This document discusses 7 ancient wonders of the world:
1) The Great Pyramid at Giza - Built around 4,500 years ago, it was the tallest building in the world until the 1800s and was constructed using over 2 million stone blocks.
2) Hanging Gardens of Babylon - Built around 600 BCE, it featured terraced gardens and waterfalls towering over 300 feet above the desert.
3) Statue of Zeus at Olympia - Completed in 456 BCE, it honored Zeus and the Greek Olympic Games in the city where the games were held.
4) Temple of Artemis at Ephesus - Originally built around 800 BCE and rebuilt several times, it impressed even Alexander the Great but
The document discusses 7 ancient wonders of the world including the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Taj Mahal, Christ the Redeemer Statue, Petra in Jordan, the Great Wall of China, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and the Colosseum in Rome. Each section provides a brief description and history of one of the wonders highlighting key details about its construction and cultural significance.
The document appears to be a collection of quotes and passages about the ephemeral nature of time and how it erodes all things, whether great cities, monuments, or moments in our lives. It discusses how over time cities have crumbled to ruins, great statues and monuments have fallen into decay, and even memories and moments eventually fade with the passage of years. The collection emphasizes that nothing is permanent and everything, no matter how mighty, will ultimately be destroyed or forgotten by time.
Rimska arkhitektura chasiv_rimskoyi_imperiyiorestznak
The document summarizes key architectural structures in ancient Rome. It describes the Roman Forum as the center of public life where people traded and celebrated. Major landmarks in the Forum included the Temple of Saturn, the Temple of Vespasian, and the Arch of Septimius Severus. Entertainment structures like the Colosseum and Circus Maximus hosted games and events. Large residences like Nero's Domus Aurea and Hadrian's Mausoleum displayed the emperors' wealth and power. The architecture of Rome demonstrated the engineering abilities of the ancient Romans and their skills in organizing urban spaces.
Nile Holiday, one of the top tour operators in Egypt that offers great deal on Egypt Tour packages. Egypt Nile Cruises, day tours, Egypt city breaks, desert safari and many other ancient sightseeing destinations in Egypt.
The document discusses the history and rise of cruise tourism. It notes that cruise vacations have seen unprecedented growth, with the number of cruise passengers increasing by about 10% each year. Cruise ships have become very large vessels that carry people of all backgrounds all over the world. The document also discusses how ocean liners in the early 1900s evolved from cargo and passenger ships to become lavish cruise vessels, though they primarily carried immigrants at the time. This helped set the stage for the modern cruise industry.
THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD is a list of seven notable structures present during classical antiquity. The first known list of seven wonders dates back to the 2nd–1st century BC.
MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTION PLACES:PART THREETag Tour
The northern historical circuit of Ethiopia includes four important towns - Aksum, Lalibela, Gondar, and Bahir Dar. Aksum is the oldest and birthplace of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, reputed burial place of the Ark of the Covenant. Lalibela is known for its rock-hewn churches carved out of monolithic rock in the 12th century. Gondar was founded in the 17th century and is known for its Portuguese-influenced castles. Bahir Dar sits on Lake Tana and provides access to the Blue Nile Falls and island monasteries. The northern region has contributed significantly to Ethiopia's history, culture, and religion over the past 3,000
The northern historical circuit of Ethiopia includes the towns of Aksum, Lalibela, Gondar, and Bahir Dar. Aksum is the oldest and birthplace of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, containing many historical structures from 500 BC to 500 AD. Lalibela is known for its rock-hewn churches carved out of bedrock in the 12th century. Gondar contains Portuguese-influenced castles and colorful churches. Bahir Dar sits on Lake Tana near the Blue Nile Falls and island monasteries. The region has over 3000 years of history preserved in its architectural, religious, and written contributions to Ethiopian civilization.
The Persian Empire is a series of imperial dynasties centered in Persia since the 6th century BC in the Achaemenid era, to the 20th century AD in the Qajar era.
List of the dynasties described as a Persian Empire
Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)
Sasanian Empire (224–651 AD)
Safavid dynasty (1501–1736 AD)
Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796 AD)
Qajar dynasty (1785–1925 AD)
Sarmisegetuza Regia was the capital of pre-Roman Dacia located in the Orastie Mountains at an altitude of 1,200 meters. It contained a citadel, living areas, and a sacred zone with various temples and sanctuaries, including a large circular sanctuary resembling Stonehenge. Nearby was Ulpia Traiana Sarmisegetuza, the capital of Roman Dacia founded around 108-110 AD, which served as the political, administrative, and religious center with a population of 20,000-25,000 within fortified walls. Both sites provide remains that have helped archaeologists understand Dacian and Roman civilization in the region.
Petra is an ancient Nabataean city in western Jordan known for its massive red sandstone facades carved into rock cliffs. It was inhabited around 1200 BCE by the Edomites and later the Nabataeans, whose greatest king was Aretas IV from 9 BCE to 40 CE. There are three ways to enter Petra - by riding a horse, riding a horse-drawn carriage, or walking through the Siq, a 2km narrow gorge with walls up to 80m high. Within Petra are numerous rock-cut tombs showing Egyptian, Greek, and Nabataean influences, as well as structures like an obelisk tomb and the famous Treasury, a royal tomb carved to resemble
Jordan's main touristic attractions include Petra, one of the seven wonders of the world famous for its rock-cut architecture; Jerash, with well-preserved ruins from the Greco-Roman era like temples and a colonnaded street; and the Dead Sea, the lowest point on Earth. Amman is the capital city, with ancient ruins on hills dating back over 7,000 years alongside modern areas for nightlife. Other popular destinations are Madaba known for Byzantine-era mosaics, Um Qais and Aqaba for mountain views, and Wadi Rum and Wadi Mujib for natural scenery within desert and canyon landscapes.
Ancient Drangiana. Silk Road, and Kuh-i Khwaja: Holy Place of Zoroastrianism, Mithraism, and Buddhism
ΑΝΑΔΗΜΟΣΙΕΥΣΗ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΣΗΜΕΡΑ ΑΝΕΝΕΡΓΟ ΜΠΛΟΓΚ “ΟΙ ΡΩΜΙΟΙ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΑΤΟΛΗΣ”
Το κείμενο του κ. Νίκου Μπαϋρακτάρη είχε αρχικά δημοσιευθεί την 21η Σεπτεμβρίου 2019.
First republished on 3rd September 2021 here:
https://profmegalommatistextsingreek.wordpress.com/2021/09/03/αρχαία-δραγγιανή-δρόμοι-του-μεταξιού/
This presentation is about the seven wonders of Ancient History. Also with beautiful picuters which easily elaborates the view of location on that period of centuries.
The document summarizes Spanish Minister of Industry, Energy and Tourism's visit to Turkey from November 9-17, 2013. It includes visits to a school, work meetings, and a geothermal energy center. It also provides background information on geothermal energy in Turkey and Spain. Additionally, it describes several important historical cities in Turkey including Pamukkale, Sardis, Manisa, Ephesus, and Hierapolis.
Circus Maximus is an ancient Roman circus located in Rome, Italy. It was the largest circus in ancient Rome and had a capacity of 150,000 spectators. The circus was constructed in the 6th century BC and later expanded by Julius Caesar in 50 BC. It was 600 meters long and 225 meters wide. Races and other events were held here to entertain the public.
I apologize for any confusion, as an AI assistant I do not have personal opinions or experiences. I was designed by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest in discussions.
The Danube Delta is a unique ecosystem due to its high biodiversity and natural resources. There are many monasteries in Romania, especially in northern Moldavia, which were often built by rulers to thank God for military victories. Colonia Ulpia Traiana was the capital of Roman Dacia, founded under Emperor Trajan on the command of governor Decimus Terentius Scaurianus.
The Danube Delta is a unique ecosystem due to its high biodiversity and natural resources. There are many monasteries in Romania, especially in northern Moldavia, which were often built by rulers to thank God for military victories. Colonia Ulpia Traiana was the capital of Roman Dacia, founded under Emperor Trajan in the first years after conquering Dacia.
This document discusses 7 ancient wonders of the world:
1) The Great Pyramid at Giza - Built around 4,500 years ago, it was the tallest building in the world until the 1800s and was constructed using over 2 million stone blocks.
2) Hanging Gardens of Babylon - Built around 600 BCE, it featured terraced gardens and waterfalls towering over 300 feet above the desert.
3) Statue of Zeus at Olympia - Completed in 456 BCE, it honored Zeus and the Greek Olympic Games in the city where the games were held.
4) Temple of Artemis at Ephesus - Originally built around 800 BCE and rebuilt several times, it impressed even Alexander the Great but
The document discusses 7 ancient wonders of the world including the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Taj Mahal, Christ the Redeemer Statue, Petra in Jordan, the Great Wall of China, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and the Colosseum in Rome. Each section provides a brief description and history of one of the wonders highlighting key details about its construction and cultural significance.
The document appears to be a collection of quotes and passages about the ephemeral nature of time and how it erodes all things, whether great cities, monuments, or moments in our lives. It discusses how over time cities have crumbled to ruins, great statues and monuments have fallen into decay, and even memories and moments eventually fade with the passage of years. The collection emphasizes that nothing is permanent and everything, no matter how mighty, will ultimately be destroyed or forgotten by time.
Rimska arkhitektura chasiv_rimskoyi_imperiyiorestznak
The document summarizes key architectural structures in ancient Rome. It describes the Roman Forum as the center of public life where people traded and celebrated. Major landmarks in the Forum included the Temple of Saturn, the Temple of Vespasian, and the Arch of Septimius Severus. Entertainment structures like the Colosseum and Circus Maximus hosted games and events. Large residences like Nero's Domus Aurea and Hadrian's Mausoleum displayed the emperors' wealth and power. The architecture of Rome demonstrated the engineering abilities of the ancient Romans and their skills in organizing urban spaces.
Nile Holiday, one of the top tour operators in Egypt that offers great deal on Egypt Tour packages. Egypt Nile Cruises, day tours, Egypt city breaks, desert safari and many other ancient sightseeing destinations in Egypt.
The document discusses the history and rise of cruise tourism. It notes that cruise vacations have seen unprecedented growth, with the number of cruise passengers increasing by about 10% each year. Cruise ships have become very large vessels that carry people of all backgrounds all over the world. The document also discusses how ocean liners in the early 1900s evolved from cargo and passenger ships to become lavish cruise vessels, though they primarily carried immigrants at the time. This helped set the stage for the modern cruise industry.
THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD is a list of seven notable structures present during classical antiquity. The first known list of seven wonders dates back to the 2nd–1st century BC.
MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTION PLACES:PART THREETag Tour
The northern historical circuit of Ethiopia includes four important towns - Aksum, Lalibela, Gondar, and Bahir Dar. Aksum is the oldest and birthplace of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, reputed burial place of the Ark of the Covenant. Lalibela is known for its rock-hewn churches carved out of monolithic rock in the 12th century. Gondar was founded in the 17th century and is known for its Portuguese-influenced castles. Bahir Dar sits on Lake Tana and provides access to the Blue Nile Falls and island monasteries. The northern region has contributed significantly to Ethiopia's history, culture, and religion over the past 3,000
The northern historical circuit of Ethiopia includes the towns of Aksum, Lalibela, Gondar, and Bahir Dar. Aksum is the oldest and birthplace of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, containing many historical structures from 500 BC to 500 AD. Lalibela is known for its rock-hewn churches carved out of bedrock in the 12th century. Gondar contains Portuguese-influenced castles and colorful churches. Bahir Dar sits on Lake Tana near the Blue Nile Falls and island monasteries. The region has over 3000 years of history preserved in its architectural, religious, and written contributions to Ethiopian civilization.
The Persian Empire is a series of imperial dynasties centered in Persia since the 6th century BC in the Achaemenid era, to the 20th century AD in the Qajar era.
List of the dynasties described as a Persian Empire
Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)
Sasanian Empire (224–651 AD)
Safavid dynasty (1501–1736 AD)
Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796 AD)
Qajar dynasty (1785–1925 AD)
1. THE SARMIZEGETUSA
REGIA COMPLEX
a brief presentation made by Simona-Liliana Popovici
Member of the team project from Romania
coordinated by Octavian Horia Minda
2. INTRODUCTION
Sarmisegetusa is a complex of six
Dacian Fortresses in Orăștie Mountains,
in Romania, built in “murus dacicus”
style in the 1st centuries BC and AD, as
protection against Roman conquest. The
six fortresses are: Sarmizegetusa
Regia, Costeşti-Cetăţuie, Costeşti-
Blidaru, Piatra Roşie, Băniţa and
Căpâlna. All together formed the
defensive system of King Decebalus.
The complex in considered UNESCO
World Heritage Site since 1999.
3. SARMISEGETUZA REGIA
Most of the archeologists assert that the city
was raised in between the 3rd and the 2nd
century before Christ, while others sustain
that it would be at least 600 years older than
that. One of the reasons of this dispute could
be the striking resemblance of the Big
Rounded Sanctuary with those of
Stonehenge. It seems that the same architect
has conceived them both, the only difference
being that the one from Orăştie is smaller.
Then, The Andesite Sun can be easily
Sanctuaries at Sarmizegetusa Regia resembled to the famous Maya calendar.
4. SARMISEGETUZA REGIA
The town of Sarmizegetusa Regia was the capital
and major fortress of the Dacian kingdom. It
consisted of perimeter walls and fortifications, a
sacred precinct, and a settlement area primarily for
nobles and supporting servants. It was located at the
top of a 1200 meter hill with excellent visibility of
the surrounding lands. The sacred precinct was on
the east side of the town, with a prominent plaza
and circular shrines. There were two settlement
areas one on the east side and a larger one on the
west. In addition to dwellings they included
workshops, storage buildings, and agricultural
processing areas. Notable for the time is a
distribution system for drinking water that used
ceramic pipes.
5. ULPIA TRAIANA SARMIZEGETUSA
Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa was the
capital and the largest city of Roman
Dacia situated 40 km . away from
Sarmizegetusa Regia. It Was Built on the
ground of a camp of the Fifth
Macedonian Legion, the city was settled
by veterans of the Dacian wars. The exact
period when the city was built is not
known. Some say the first settlement was
Amphitheatre
erected between 106-107, others say it was
between 108-110.
6. However, due to an inscription discovered at the
beginning of the 14th century in the village of
Grădişte, it is known that the new town was
settled in the first years after the conquest of
Dacia. The inscription reads: "On the command of
the emperor Caesar Nerva Traianus Augustus, son of
the divine Nerva, was settled the Dacian Colony by
Decimus Terentius Scaurianus, its governor.“
The settlement of the colony was marked by a
coin minting (sestertius) emitted by Rome, by
order of the Senate, dedicated to " the best
Principe" - Emperor Trajan.
Sestertius coin
7. TODAY ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE REMAINS:
• Amphitheatre
• Gladiator school
• Goddess Nemesis Temple
• Liber Pater Temple
• Gods Aesculapius and Hygieia
Gods Aesculapius Temple
Gladiator school
and Hygieia Temple • Temple Basilica
• Great Temple
• God Silvanus Temple
• Glass blowers' workshops
• Horreum
• Financial procurator's office
• Thermae
Goddess Nemesis
• Forum
The Forum Temple