1. Cory Satter
19 November 2015
REL 345
Huntington
The Pure Land: A New Conception of Justice
While sitting in class, I had a thought concerning the inherent compassion of Buddhism as
expressed by Shin Buddhism in the Tannisho. Brainstorming deeply, something about Shinran’s
claim that anyone may be born in the Pure Land — “how much more so the evil person” — struck
me. The Pure Land as an abode, however influenced by or similar similar in concept to the
Christian heaven (this is a separate topic), is characterized as a place of bliss and free from all
temptations. This includes women which, unsurprisingly, might be viewed as sexist to the non-
Buddhist. The goal of all this is to lead those reborn in the Pure Land on a path towards
enlightenment, to nirvana. I then remembered the Zoroastrian and some Islamic interpretations of
hell which is meant more as a place of purification rather than punishment, rehabilitative rather
than punitive. This, then, I see as the essence of the Pure Land.
To many in Western societies or, perhaps, to humans in general, the idea that an evil person
may be reborn in such a place as the Pure Land could be seen as a slight or as an injustice. To the
Shin Buddhist, however, it would be seen as quite the opposite. It would be seen as justice. Justice
is not characterized by revenge in this interpretation of it, but as a means to rehabilitate a
wrongdoer in order to realize the end of suffering. When samsara is broken, dukkha ceases. This
goes for the individual but, in many cases, suffering is contagious. If all are born in the Pure Land
and hence become enlightened or drawn towards nirvana, then suffering for all ceases. It could be
argued to be a quite revolutionary world view, akin to the Christian concept of “universal
reconciliation” shared in some circles.
If there is any lesson in this, I would say that Shin Buddhism as expressed by Shinran
encourages us to forgive a person rather than seek vengeance against him or her. It seeks to fix
people; it does not seek to inflict more harm on them. If anything, such a response would only
serve to corrupt the offender further. Indeed, we have seen real-world applications of such an idea.
Norway, for example, drew confused remarks from many in the United States and abroad with its
treatment of Anders Behring Breivik, the perpetrator of the 2011 terrorist attacks. There was no
execution, no torture. Even his sentencing has not been so much to punish as with the hopes of
rehabilitating him so that he may be again a productive, safe member of society one day. Norway
has itself admitted this will unlikely occur but continues to try. This is just one example where
forgiveness has triumphed over revenge. Sometimes it is unpopular, but a Buddhist — of any
denomination for that matter — may rebut that revenge is not conducive to enlightenment. And if
enlightenment and subsequent liberation is the goal to be pursued in life, it should not be obstructed
by the emotions of the ego.