The document provides an extensive overview of the palate, detailing the anatomy and functions of both the hard and soft palate. Key components include descriptions of the palatine muscle arrangement, nerve supply, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage. It emphasizes the soft palate's role in speech and swallowing, as well as the structure and innervation of its components.

1. P A L A T E
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2. • Situation – between roof of mouth & floor of nasal cavity
• Arches – before backwards, side to side
• Parts – hard palate & soft palate
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3. Hard palate
• Formation
• Palatine process of maxilla
• Horizontal plate of palatine
• Coverings
• Upper surface – ciliated columnar epithelium
• Lower surface – keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, mucus secreting
palatine glands, palatal rugosity
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7. Soft palate
• Fibro-Musculo-glandular curtain, Mucous covered
• Hangs from posterior margin of hard palate
• Extends backwards & downwards between nasal & oral parts of
pharynx
• Parts
• Anterior – fibrous
• Middle – muscular
• Posterior – glandular
• Functions
• Helps in deglutition, speech, blowing air through mouth
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9. Presenting parts(relaxed)
• Two surfaces
• Anterior surface
• Posterior surface
• Four borders
• Upper border
• Lower borders (uvula hangs)
• Lateral borders
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10. Arches from the base of uvula (mucous folds)
• Palato glossal arch
• Palato pharyngeal arch
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11. Composition of soft palate
(bilaminar fold of mucous membrane contains)
• Palatine aponeurosis
• Palatine muscles (five pairs)
• Nerves & vessels
• Palatine glands
• Upper end of palatine tonsil(sometimes)
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12. Mucous membrane
• Posterior surface – ciliated columnar
• Anterior surface – non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
• Pasavant’s ridge
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14. Palatine aponeurosis
• Fibrous framework of soft palate
• All palatine muscles are attached here
• It is the expanded tendon of insertion of tensor veli palatini
• On each sides – winds round the lateral pterygoid hammulus with
tensor veli papatini
• In the midline - splits to enclose the musculus uvulae
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17. Palatine muscles (paired)
• Levator veli palatini
• Tensor veli palatini (dilator tubae)
• Musculus uvulae
• Palato pharyngeus
• Palato glossus
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21. Nerves
• Motor
• Cranial part of accessory nerve through pharyngeal plexus
• Except Tensor veli palatini (by trunk of mandibular nerve through otic ganglion, without relay)
• Secretomotor
• Preganglionic fibres – arise from superior salivatory nucleus and pass through the facial,
greater petrosal, nerve to pterygoid canal; then relay into the pterygo-palatine ganglion
• Postganglionic fibres reach palatine gland via greater & lesser palatine nerves
• Sensory (general)
• Greater & lesser palatine
• Long sphenopalatine
• Glossopharyngeal nerves
• Sensory (special)
• Taste sensation conveyed by the glossopharyngeal & lesser palatine nerves
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22. Arterial supply
• Greater palatine branch of maxillary artery
• Ascending palatine branch of facial artery
• Palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal artery
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24. Venous drainage
• Pharyngeal venous plexus via para-
tonsillar veins
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25. Lymphatic drainage
• Retropharyngeal LN
• Upper group of deep cervical LN
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26. Arrangement of structures of soft palate
(above downwards)
• Mucous membrane of naso pharyngeal surface
• A layer of palatine glands
• Anterior fasciculus of palatopharyngeous, levator veli palatini,
posterior fasciculus of palatopharyngeous (before backwards)
• Palatine aponeurosis with splitting in the middle to enclose the
musculus vuvlae
• Palatoglossus
• A layer of palatine glands
• Mucous membrane of buccal surface
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28. Thank you
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