The language of food marketing

1. Wednesday, March 18, 15 Image credits: http://garciniacambogiabyras.com/images/natural-logo.png https://luckettfarms.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/non-gmo.png http://www.ams.usda.gov/images/tm/bwseal.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/70/Free_Range_Studios_logo.png Modiﬁed Nutritional Logo from wikipedia

2. Wednesday, March 18, 15 Image Credit: http://veganoutreach.org/wp-content/uploads/ChickensInBatteryCageslg.jpg

3. Harvey W. Wiley Father of the FDA & Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906 Wednesday, March 18, 15 * No limits on quality of food, no detailed list of ingredients. * Honey was diluted with glucose syrup; olive oil was made with cottonseed; and "soothing syrups" given to babies were laced with morphine. * The Poison Squad -- eat steadily increasing amounts of each additive Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Washington_Wiley http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/History/CentennialofFDA/HarveyW.Wiley/ Image credit: http://blog.prx.org/2013/07/the-poison-squad-none-but-the-brave-can-eat-the-fare/

4. Dr. David Kessler -- FDA Commissioner Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) - 1990 Wednesday, March 18, 15 PUP - The principal display panel FDA Commissioner: Dr. David Kessler Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) - 1990 Reference & Image Credit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Aaron_Kessler http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition_facts_label http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/GuidanceRegulation/UCM265446.pdf

5. 1994-2015 2015+ Wednesday, March 18, 15 Important things are larger: Calories, servings. DV is closer Vit D & Potassium called out -- public health Added sugars!!! Major American food associations have opposed the label change, indicating "lack of merit" and "no preponderance of evidence" to justify the inclusion of sugar added in the new label. Image Credit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition_facts_label 2000-2008 Nutrition Labeling: ~24% violations http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08597.pdf

10. What the heck does that mean? Wednesday, March 18, 15

11. Grass Fed Wednesday, March 18, 15 USDA: * Grass and forage shall be the feed source consumed for the lifetime of the animal * with the exception of milk consumed prior to weaning. * diet shall be derived solely from forage consisting of grass, forbs , browse, or cereal crops in the vegetative (pre-grain) state. * Animals cannot be fed grain or grain byproducts * must have continuous access to pasture during the growing season. Better for you: less fat, unlikely to be from the US, eco-friendly Reference: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=TemplateN&page=GrassFedMarketingClaims Image Credit: http://stupideasypaleo.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/grass-fed-beef.jpg http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/USDA-logo.gif

14. Grass Fed USDA: milk, then 99% grass and forage Wednesday, March 18, 15 USDA: * Grass and forage shall be the feed source consumed for the lifetime of the animal * with the exception of milk consumed prior to weaning. * diet shall be derived solely from forage consisting of grass, forbs , browse, or cereal crops in the vegetative (pre-grain) state. * Animals cannot be fed grain or grain byproducts * must have continuous access to pasture during the growing season. Better for you: less fat, unlikely to be from the US, eco-friendly Reference: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=TemplateN&page=GrassFedMarketingClaims Image Credit: http://stupideasypaleo.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/grass-fed-beef.jpg http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/USDA-logo.gif

15. Natural or All-Natural Wednesday, March 18, 15 FDA” From a food science perspective, it is difficult to define a food product that is 'natural' because the food has probably been processed and is no longer the product of the earth.That said, FDA has not developed a definition for use of the term natural or its derivatives. However, the agency has not objected to the use of the term if the food does not contain added color, artificial flavors, or synthetic substances.” Reference: http://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/transparency/basics/ucm214868.htm Image Credit: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Food_and_Drug_Administration_logo.svg/1000px-Food_and_Drug_Administration_logo.svg.png http://bluewallpaperhd.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/natural-cheetos.jpg

18. Natural or All-Natural FDA: Nothing really Wednesday, March 18, 15 FDA” From a food science perspective, it is difficult to define a food product that is 'natural' because the food has probably been processed and is no longer the product of the earth.That said, FDA has not developed a definition for use of the term natural or its derivatives. However, the agency has not objected to the use of the term if the food does not contain added color, artificial flavors, or synthetic substances.” Reference: http://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/transparency/basics/ucm214868.htm Image Credit: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Food_and_Drug_Administration_logo.svg/1000px-Food_and_Drug_Administration_logo.svg.png http://bluewallpaperhd.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/natural-cheetos.jpg

19. Natural or All-Natural Wednesday, March 18, 15 USDA: * meat, poultry, and egg products labeled as “natural” * minimally processed and contain no artiﬁcial ingredients * the natural label does not include any standards regarding farm practices * only applies to processing of meat and egg products Reference: http://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/transparency/basics/ucm214868.htm Image Credit: http://brucebradley.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/hormelnaturalchoice.jpg

22. Natural or All-Natural USDA: minimally processed and contain no artiﬁcial ingredients. Wednesday, March 18, 15 USDA: * meat, poultry, and egg products labeled as “natural” * minimally processed and contain no artiﬁcial ingredients * the natural label does not include any standards regarding farm practices * only applies to processing of meat and egg products Reference: http://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/transparency/basics/ucm214868.htm Image Credit: http://brucebradley.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/hormelnaturalchoice.jpg

23. Pasture Raised Wednesday, March 18, 15 USDA:“Due to the number of variables involved in pasture-raised agricultural systems, the USDA has not developed a federal deﬁnition for pasture-raised products.” Reference: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do? template=TemplateC&leftNav=NationalOrganicProgram&page=NOPConsumers&description=Consumers Image Credit: http://www.humaneitarian.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Applecheek-veal-calves1.jpg

26. Pasture Raised USDA: Nope! Wednesday, March 18, 15 USDA:“Due to the number of variables involved in pasture-raised agricultural systems, the USDA has not developed a federal deﬁnition for pasture-raised products.” Reference: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do? template=TemplateC&leftNav=NationalOrganicProgram&page=NOPConsumers&description=Consumers Image Credit: http://www.humaneitarian.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Applecheek-veal-calves1.jpg

27. Free-range Wednesday, March 18, 15 aka Pasture Raised (but only applies to poultry) * ﬂock was provided shelter in a building, room, or area * unlimited access to food, fresh water, * continuous access to the outdoors during their production cycle * outdoor area may or may not be fenced and/or covered with netting-like material Reference: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/food-labeling/meat-and-poultry-labeling-terms/meat-and- poultry-labeling-terms Image Credit: http://www.genesis.com.au/media/wysiwyg/Free_Range_Chickens.jpg

30. Free-range USDA: Shelter with access to the outside Wednesday, March 18, 15 aka Pasture Raised (but only applies to poultry) * ﬂock was provided shelter in a building, room, or area * unlimited access to food, fresh water, * continuous access to the outdoors during their production cycle * outdoor area may or may not be fenced and/or covered with netting-like material Reference: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/food-labeling/meat-and-poultry-labeling-terms/meat-and- poultry-labeling-terms Image Credit: http://www.genesis.com.au/media/wysiwyg/Free_Range_Chickens.jpg

31. Cage Free Wednesday, March 18, 15 * ﬂock was able to freely roam a building, room, or enclosed area * unlimited access to food and fresh water during their production cycle. * no outside access. Cage Free vs Free Range: The USDA regulations do not specify the quality or size of the outside range nor the duration of time an animal must have access to the outside Reference: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do? template=TemplateC&leftNav=NationalOrganicProgram&page=NOPConsumers&description=Consumers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_range Image Credit: http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2013/06/25/cagefree001-84cffb2378fb84ad29b57021f0d486e2f5f87eb0-s1100-c15.jpg

34. Cage Free USDA: Free movement inside shelter Wednesday, March 18, 15 * ﬂock was able to freely roam a building, room, or enclosed area * unlimited access to food and fresh water during their production cycle. * no outside access. Cage Free vs Free Range: The USDA regulations do not specify the quality or size of the outside range nor the duration of time an animal must have access to the outside Reference: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do? template=TemplateC&leftNav=NationalOrganicProgram&page=NOPConsumers&description=Consumers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_range Image Credit: http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2013/06/25/cagefree001-84cffb2378fb84ad29b57021f0d486e2f5f87eb0-s1100-c15.jpg

35. Fresh Wednesday, March 18, 15 Kessler: 24,000 gallons of Citrus Hill orange juice seized because although made from concentrate, it was labeled "fresh". FDA:“The term "fresh," when used on the label or in labeling of a food in a manner that suggests or implies that the food is unprocessed, means that the food is in its raw state and has not been frozen or subjected to any form of thermal processing or any other form of preservation, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section.” Exceptions: milk, wax, pesticides, etc. Reference: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=101.95 Image Credit: http://www.tidalcreek.coop/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Fresh-juiceHealthy-drink.jpg

38. Fresh FDA: not heated, frozen, etc. Wednesday, March 18, 15 Kessler: 24,000 gallons of Citrus Hill orange juice seized because although made from concentrate, it was labeled "fresh". FDA:“The term "fresh," when used on the label or in labeling of a food in a manner that suggests or implies that the food is unprocessed, means that the food is in its raw state and has not been frozen or subjected to any form of thermal processing or any other form of preservation, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section.” Exceptions: milk, wax, pesticides, etc. Reference: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=101.95 Image Credit: http://www.tidalcreek.coop/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Fresh-juiceHealthy-drink.jpg

39. Whole Grains Wednesday, March 18, 15 FDA:“Cereal grains that consist of the intact, ground, cracked or ﬂaked caryopsis, whose principal anatomical components – the starchy endosperm, germ and bran – are present in the same relative proportions as they exist in the intact caryopsis – should be considered a whole grain food.” Reference: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/98fr/06d-0066-gdl0001.pdf Image Reference: http://wholegrainscouncil.org/

42. Whole Grains FDA: Cereal grains in complete form. Wednesday, March 18, 15 FDA:“Cereal grains that consist of the intact, ground, cracked or ﬂaked caryopsis, whose principal anatomical components – the starchy endosperm, germ and bran – are present in the same relative proportions as they exist in the intact caryopsis – should be considered a whole grain food.” Reference: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/98fr/06d-0066-gdl0001.pdf Image Reference: http://wholegrainscouncil.org/

43. GMO/GM Free Wednesday, March 18, 15 2001:Voluntary Labeling Guidelines Free: There is potential for the term "free" in a claim for absence of bioengineering to be inaccurate. Consumers assume that "free" of bioengineered material means that "zero" bioengineered material is present Most, if not all, cultivated food crops have been genetically modiﬁed. Modiﬁcation: * adding, deleting, or changing hereditary traits, irrespective of the methods. * single mutation that affects one gene * major alterations of genetic material that affect many genes. Organisms:

46. GMO/GM Free FDA:Voluntary labeling, unless dangerous(ly) misleading Wednesday, March 18, 15 2001:Voluntary Labeling Guidelines Free: There is potential for the term "free" in a claim for absence of bioengineering to be inaccurate. Consumers assume that "free" of bioengineered material means that "zero" bioengineered material is present Most, if not all, cultivated food crops have been genetically modiﬁed. Modiﬁcation: * adding, deleting, or changing hereditary traits, irrespective of the methods. * single mutation that affects one gene * major alterations of genetic material that affect many genes. Organisms:

47. Organic Wednesday, March 18, 15 100% for seal, otherwise 95% for term. Title 21 of the 1990 Farm Bill Federal Regs 7 CFR Part 205, Organic meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products come from animals that are given no antibiotics or growth hormones. Organic food is produced without using most conventional pesticides; fertilizers made with synthetic ingredients or sewage sludge; bioengineering; or ionizing radiation. 30,000 on-site inspections per year by certifying agents to monitor compliance with USDA organic standards Residue testing program to verify that prohibited pesticides aren’t being applied to organic crops Robust compliance and enforcement activities Reference: http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/ofp/ofp.shtml

50. Organic USDA: very strict Wednesday, March 18, 15 100% for seal, otherwise 95% for term. Title 21 of the 1990 Farm Bill Federal Regs 7 CFR Part 205, Organic meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products come from animals that are given no antibiotics or growth hormones. Organic food is produced without using most conventional pesticides; fertilizers made with synthetic ingredients or sewage sludge; bioengineering; or ionizing radiation. 30,000 on-site inspections per year by certifying agents to monitor compliance with USDA organic standards Residue testing program to verify that prohibited pesticides aren’t being applied to organic crops Robust compliance and enforcement activities Reference: http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/ofp/ofp.shtml

51. Thanks! Questions? Wednesday, March 18, 15

52. Join The Discussion: https://www.facebook.com/groups/NedTalks/ Call For Speakers: http://bit.ly/15Gjttk The SUB: https://www.facebook.com/theSUBsf Wednesday, March 18, 15

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