This document discusses the evolution of chess and computers from the 18th century to modern day. It traces some of the early milestones in computer chess programs, including the first program to defeat a human player in 1967. A key breakthrough was IBM's Deep Blue defeating world champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, marking the first time a computer won against a reigning world champion. The document concludes by mentioning some modern chess engines using artificial intelligence like Google Deepmind's AlphaZero and how chess continues to push the boundaries of AI.

1. MAHDI TAGHIZADEH
OCTOBER 2023
THEEVOLUTION
OF♟CHESSAND
COMPUTERS

2. CHESS&ITSRICHHISTORY
“Chess is the gymnasium of the mind.”
— Blaise Pascal
French mathematician & philosopher (1623–1662)

3. PRE-COMPUTERAGE
Chess Playing Machine
The Turk (1770)

4. EARLYCHESS
COMPUTERS
1956
UNIVAC MANIAC I
was the
f
irst computer
running a Chess program

5. IN 1959 SOME OF THE FIRST CHESS
COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS
PREDICTED THAT A CHESS
COMPUTER WOULD BE THE WORLD
CHESS CHAMPION BEFORE 1970!

6. 1967
MacHACK VI became the
f
irst program
to beat a human (1510 USCF rating), at
the Massachusetts State Championship

7. 1970
THE FIRST ALL-COMPUTER CHAMPIONSHIP WAS HELD
BY ACM* IN NEW YORK AND WON BY CHESS 3.0
* The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

8. 1989
Garry Kasparov
vs
IBM Deep Thought
[2-0]
THEBREAKTHROUGH!
IBMDEEPTHOUGHT

9. DEEP(ER)BLUE

11. FEBRUARY1996,GARRYKASPAROVBEATS
IBM'SDEEPBLUE4-2INPHILADELPHIA

12. 1997
Deep(er) Blue
vs
Garry Kasparov
[3½–2½]
COMPUTERDEFEATS
THEWORLDCHAMPION!

13. MODERN CHESS
ENGINES
Google Deepmind
AlphaZero
Stock
f
ish Leela Chess Zero (Lc0) Chess.com Komodo

14. CHESS&AI

15. Il faut être absolument moderne.
— Arthur Rimbaud