The presentation reviews the recent Jamaican context as a backdrop for the evolution of capital adequacy standards by the Bank of Jamaica, the regulator of deposit taking institutions (DTI) and financial holding companies of financial conglomerates which contain a DTI.
Basel III timelines extend for almost another decade. So, if you don’t
know Basel III, you will be out of conversation for next many years
Live web based training provided by Basel experts.
Basel III timelines extend for almost another decade. So, if you don’t
know Basel III, you will be out of conversation for next many years
Live web based training provided by Basel experts.
La gestion actif-passif (ALM), également connue sous le nom de gestion des actifs et des passifs, est une pratique essentielle dans le secteur des compagnies d'assurance. Elle vise à équilibrer les actifs et les passifs d'une compagnie d'assurance afin de garantir sa solvabilité et sa rentabilité à long terme. Cette stratégie consiste à gérer de manière proactive les actifs et les passifs de l'entreprise pour minimiser les risques liés aux écarts de durée, de taux d'intérêt et d'autres facteurs qui pourraient affecter sa situation financière.
Dans le contexte de l'assurance, les passifs représentent les engagements futurs de l'entreprise envers ses assurés, tels que les paiements de prestations, les sinistres et les obligations contractuelles. Les actifs, quant à eux, sont les investissements détenus par la compagnie d'assurance pour répondre à ces engagements. L'objectif principal de l'ALM est d'assurer que les actifs de la compagnie d'assurance sont suffisants pour couvrir ses passifs à tout moment, tout en optimisant le rendement de ces actifs.
La gestion actif-passif implique une analyse approfondie des caractéristiques des passifs de l'entreprise, telles que leur montant, leur échéance et leur sensibilité aux fluctuations des taux d'intérêt, ainsi que des caractéristiques des actifs détenus, comme leur liquidité, leur rendement et leur risque. Sur cette base, des stratégies d'investissement sont élaborées pour aligner au mieux les actifs avec les passifs, tout en tenant compte des objectifs de rendement et de risque de l'entreprise.
Les compagnies d'assurance utilisent une gamme d'outils et de techniques pour mettre en œuvre leur stratégie ALM, notamment l'allocation d'actifs, le rééquilibrage de portefeuille, la gestion des risques et l'utilisation de produits dérivés financiers pour couvrir les risques. Elles peuvent également recourir à des modèles mathématiques sophistiqués pour évaluer et gérer les risques financiers.
En résumé, la gestion actif-passif est cruciale pour assurer la solidité financière et la viabilité à long terme des compagnies d'assurance en équilibrant leurs actifs et leurs passifs de manière à minimiser les risques et à maximiser les rendements. C'est une discipline complexe qui nécessite une expertise financière approfondie et une surveillance continue des conditions du marché et des engagements de l'entreprise.
Evaluation of Capital Needs in Insurancekylemrotek
Presentation on capital adequacy analysis for property casualty insurance companies, as presented to Milliman\'s 2008 Casualty Consultants Forum in Denver
Similar to The Evolution of Capital Adequacy Standards in Jamaica (20)
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
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Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Capital Adequacy Standards in Jamaica
1. CAPITAL ADEQUACY STANDARDS
THE EVOLUTION AND WHEREWE ARE...
Jide Lewis PhD, CFA, FRM
DivisionChief, FinancialInstitutions
Supervisory Division
2. INTRODUCTION
Capital adequacy is the statutory minimum reserves of capital which a bank or other
financial institution must have available.
Capital adequacy standards require financial institutions to maintain a defined level of
risk capital relative to the riskiness of the activities it undertakes.
Capital adequacy requirements:
• provides a buffer against bank losses;
• protects creditors in the event of bank failures; and
• creates disincentives for excessive risk taking.
7. INTRODUCTION
Jamaica's current capital adequacy framework for deposit taking institutions (DTIs) is
applicable on an individual basis to deposit-taking institutions and, in certain aspects, is
more conservative than the Basel standards.
For example:
In defining regulatory capital – Jamaica's framework requires the exclusion of retained earnings,
although allowed under the Basel Accords.
Jamaica has also long had a leverage ratio, a ratio the Basel Committee introduced for the first time
under the Basel III capital standard.
8.
9. SHORTCOMINGS OF THE INDIVIDUAL APPROACH
Facilitation of regulatory arbitrage;
No consideration of contagion risk across a financial group;
No contemplation of the adequacy of capital vis-à-vis group-wide risks; and
No consideration for the different primary risks of insurance entities.
11. CONSOLIDATED CAPITAL ADEQUACY
Consolidated capital requirements seek to ensure that risk exposures of financial
conglomerates are backed by adequate high quality, loss absorbing capital.
This framework includes a:
i. Leverage or primary ratio requirement, and
ii. Risk-based capital adequacy measure.
The framework also introduces the:
i. Computation of group-wide market (interest rate) risk exposure of the trading book, and
ii. Treatment of the capital adequacy and risk positions of insurance entities.
13. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
Sectoral regulatory capital requirements will remain applicable;
Consolidated capital adequacy ratios shall be computed for each licensee
on the following basis:
a. DTI at the standalone (“solo”) level;
b. DTI operating as an intermediate holding company; and
c. FHC on a consolidated basis
16. TREATMENT OF INSURANCE ENTITIES
Capital adequacy for insurance entities are included in the FHC’s group-
wide assessment of risk exposures and capital adequacy determinations at
the FHC and DTI intermediate group levels.
Risk exposures and capital adequacy requirements will be:
i. Submitted by the FHC to the Bank as will be prescribed;
ii. Validated and authenticated by the FSC or equivalent functional regulators in overseas jurisdictions;
iii. Applicable at the insurance entity level (on a solo basis), on a sectoral basis and at the consolidated
level.
17. TREATMENT OF INSURANCE ENTITIES
Pursuant to section 75 (1)(a) of the BSA, the FHC is obligated to bear the full
ownership risk of the insurance entity or sector in its group and recognizing
these risks on a group-wide basis.
FHCs should ensure that insurance companies forming part of financial
groups are adequately capitalized.
Relevant regulators will determine which insurance specific components of
capital are transferrable by the insurance entity, if necessary.
19. DETERMINATION OF CONSOLIDATED CAPITAL POSITIONS
The basis of measuring the numerator and denominator components of the
consolidated capital ratios for FHCs and DTIs on a consolidated basis will be
the same as for standalone DTIs with two exceptions:
The introduction of interest rate market risk exposure, and
Capital components, total assets, assets subject to risk adjustments and all other
denominator components are derived from the consolidated statement of financial
position.
20. INTRODUCTION OF MARKET RISK EXPOSURE
Total Risk = Credit Risk + Market Risk
Market Risk = General Market Risk + Specific Risk
General Market Risk = Interest Rate Risk + Currency Risk+ Equity Price Risk
+ Commodity Price Risk
Specific Risk = Instruments Exposed to Interest Rate Risk and Equity Price
Risk
22. DETERMINATION OF CONSOLIDTED CAPITAL POSITIONS
Primary Ratio (6%)
Consolidated Capital Base
_________________________
Consolidated Total Assets
Table 1: The Formula for Primary Ratio Calculation
23. DETERMINATION OF CONSOLIDTED CAPITAL POSITIONS
Capital Adequacy Ratio (10%)
Consolidated Regulatory Capital
______________________________________________________
[Consolidated risk-weighted on-balance sheet assets +
Aggregate group-wide risk-weighted off-balance sheet assets +
Aggregate group-wide risk-weighted funds management balances +
Aggregate group-wide foreign exchange risk exposures +
Aggregate group-wide market risk exposure]
Table 2: The Formula for the Capital Adequacy Ratio
26. GROUP-WIDE CAPITAL ADEQUACY ASSESSMENT
1. Calculate the regulatory capital requirement for each consolidated entity or sector in
the group.
2. Calculate the regulatory capital requirement for consolidated unregulated entities in the
group.
3. Compare each group member’s (including the insurance entity’s or sector’s) sectoral
capital level to its sectoral regulatory capital requirement and identify the capital
surplus or deficit present.
4. Evaluate the availability of freely transferable capital across entities, sectors or
jurisdictions.
27. GROUP-WIDE CAPITAL ADEQUACY ASSESSMENT
5. Aggregate the regulatory capital requirements of each consolidated regulated entity and
the capital requirementsfor consolidated unregulated entities.
6. Compare the aggregate regulatory capital requirements to the FHC’s consolidated
regulatory capital level.
7. Determine group-wide (including insurance) capital surplus or deficit.
8. Consider the need for the FHC to source or fund additional capital or provide capital
support for members of the group.
29. THE NEXT STEPS
Looking to the future, the Standards must be responsive to continual
financial innovation and developments in risk management practices.
The Bank of Jamaica will continue to build on its earlier initiatives by
focusing attention on the adoption of supervisory policies and systems that
will enable an inclusive and realistic approach of effecting Basel’s II and III.
Full implementation of the Basel II and III frameworks is expected by end-
December 2019 and end-December 2020 respectively.