On September 11, 2001, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial airplanes and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. Two planes were flown into the towers of the World Trade Center, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Over 3,000 people were killed during the attacks in New York City and Washington D.C. The 9/11 terrorist attacks triggered major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defined the presidency of George W. Bush.
Case Analysis
SEC460 Case Analysis
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September 11, 2001
Every adult in America can tell you where they were when airplanes began to crash into important American landmarks on September 11, 2001 killing thousands of innocent Americans. The international terrorist attack forever changed America and woke the country up to the potential threats facing the nation. This day will never be forgotten and any illusions of safety have forever been shattered. Never before have there been an international terrorist attack on American soil this devastating. Nineteen Islamic extremists hijack four American airplanes murdering thousands of innocent Americans. The events on 9/11 resulted in the death of over 3,000 Americans with 400 being first responders that went into the Twin Towers in order to rescue the injured.
Participants, Planning, Objectives, and Execution
The attacks on 9/11 were committed by 19 Islamic terrorists that made up different terrorists cells in the country. The 19 men entered the country legally, obtained legitimate jobs, and quietly planned the devastating attacks. The success of the September 11 plot depended on the ability of the hijackers to obtain visas and pass an immigration and customs inspection in order to enter the United States (). The 19 terrorist were also able to go undetected in the country for several years while along making contact with members of the Al Qaeda terrorist group and planning the devastating attacks. At no time were the terrorists detected or the devastating attacks would have failed.
The planning for the attacks began with the twenty three visas that were applied for by Islamic extremists bent on becoming martyrs for Islam. Out of the twenty three visas twenty two were granted. Several of the men entered the country to attend universities that would give them the necessary skills to pilot a 747 aircraft. The terrorist began entering the country in January of 2000 and many were successful in leaving the country and having no problems with reentry. The hijackers entered the country through Floridian airports and airports in New York and Washington, D.C.
The four pilots responsible for flying the planes into buildings are Mohammed Atta, Hani Hanjour, Ziad Samir Jarra, and Marwan al Shehhi but there were other hijackers being trained to fulfill the pilot positions. The four pilots were able to enter and exit the country 17 times without being detected. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was the mastermind behind the attacks while Ali Abdul Aziz Ali was the group’s financial facilitator. Only one of the hijackers entered the country on an academic visa while the others entered the country on tourist visas. Of all of the hijackers that entered the country only two were interviewed by customs agents.
The hijackers entered the country on six month visa and many obtained legitimate identification. It was important to retain the appearance of leg ...
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role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
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2. Summary
On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with
the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four
airliners and carried out suicide attacks against targets
in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into
the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a
third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington,
D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in
Pennsylvania. Often referred to as 9/11, the attacks
resulted in extensive death and destruction, triggering
major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defining
the presidency of George W. Bush. Over 3,000 people
were killed during the attacks in New York City and
Washington, D.C., including more than 400 police
officers and firefighters.
3. 5:45 am
Hijackers Pass Security Screening
Hijackers Mohammed Atta and Abdulaziz al-Omari pass
through security at Portland International Jetport in
Maine. They board a shuttle flight to Boston's Logan
International Airport, where they connect to Los
Angeles-bound American Airlines Flight 11.Over the next
hour and a half, seventeen other hijackers clear security
checks at Logan Airport, Newark International Airport,
and Washington Dulles Airport. All presumably carry
knives, box cutters or other concealed weapons on their
person or in carry-on luggage. Although eight are
randomly tagged for additional screening and a gate
agent flags two as suspicious, none are prevented from
boarding their intended flights.
4. Flights Take Off
Seventy-six passengers, 11 crew members and five hijackers board
Flight 11. In industry terms, the Los Angeles-bound flight is "riding
heavy," stocked with 76,400 pounds of fuel for its transcontinental
run.Al Qaeda terrorists hijack the plane at approximately 8:14 am
and reroute it towards Manhattan, using the Hudson River as a
navigational guide.Courtesy of the US Department of Justice
Fifty-one passengers, nine crew members, and five hijackers board
Los Angeles-bound Flight 175. Al Qaeda terrorists hijack the plane
at approximately 8:45 am and reroute it towards
Manhattan.Courtesy of the US Department of Justice
American Airlines Flight 77, en route to Los Angeles, departs
Washington Dulles International Airport ten minutes delayed. (8:20
am)
United Airlines Flight 93 departs Newark International Airport after a
lengthy air traffic delay on the tarmac. Flight 93 was scheduled to
leave Newark at 8:00 am, within minutes of the other hijacked
flights.
5. 8:46 am
Crash of Flight 11
Hijackers crash Flight 11 into floors 93-99 of the World
Trade Center's North Tower, killing everyone on board
and hundreds within the building.
6. 9:02 am
South Tower Evacuation Order
Three minutes after initiating the evacuation of the
South Tower, the Port Authority broadcasts evacuation
orders over the Tower public adress system. An
estimated 10,000 to14,000 people are already
evacuating the World Trade Center.
Hijackers crash Flight 175 into floors 77 to 85 of the
World Trade Center's South Tower, killing everyone on
the plane and hundreds inside the building. During its
final nose dive, the plane lost altitude at a rate of
approximately 5,000 feet per minute. (9:03 am)
7. 9:15 am
Evacuation of the World Trade
Center
As first responders arrive and deploy into the stricken
buildings, tenants continue to evacuate the North and
South Towers. Hijacked Flight 11 severed all three North
Tower emergency stairwells, making evacuation
impossible for those alive on or above the impact floors.
One stairwell in the South Tower remains passable,
although it is choked with debris. Eighteen use it to
evacuate from above the impact zone.
8. 9:37 am
Crash of Flight 77
Hijackers crash Flight 77 into the Pentagon’s western
facade, killing the 59 on board the plane and 125
military and civilian personnel inside the building. A
hundred and six are severely injured in the ensuing fire.
9. 9:57 am
Fight for Flight 93
Thirteen of Flight 93's 40 passengers and crew managed
to alert loved ones and authorities to the plane’s
hijacking. At least six learn about the attacks on the
World Trade Center or the Pentagon. In response, Flight
93's passengers are believed to have collectively voted
to mount a counterattack to the hijackers.
To prevent passengers from retaking the airplane,
hijackers deliberately crash Flight 93 in a field in
Somerset County, Pennsylvania, killing the forty on
board. The crash site is approximately 20 minutes flying
time from Washington DC (10:03 am)
10. Collapsing of the Buildings
After burning for 56 minutes, the South Tower collapses
in 10 seconds, killing approximately 600 workers and
first responders in the building and surrounding area.
(9:59 am)
The damaged section of the Pentagon's outermost
offices, known as the E Ring, collapses. No rescue
workers are injured. (10:15 am)
The North Tower collapses after burning for 102
minutes, killing approximately 1,400 in the building and
the surrounding area. (10:28 am)
11. Other Evacuations of Buildings
The New York City Office of Emergency Management
evacuates their headquarters at 7 WTC after the Secret
Service warns them about additional hijacked planes
believed to be heading for New York. (9:30 am)
Secret Service agents evacuate U.S. Vice President Dick
Cheney and aides from his office in the White House to
the Presidential Emergency Operations Center, a Cold
War-era bunker beneath the White House. (9:36 am)
Evacuations begin at the White House and U.S. capital
building (9:45 am)
New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani calls for the
evacuation of over one million residents, workers and
tourists from lower Manhattan. (11:02 am)
12. 9-11 Quotes
“The attacks of September 11th were intended to break our
spirit. Instead we have emerged stronger and more unified.
We feel renewed devotion to the principles of political,
economic, and religious freedom, the rule of law and
respect for human life. We are more determined than ever
to live our lives in freedom.”
-Rudolph Giuliani, former mayor of New York City
“You can be sure that the American spirit will prevail over
this tragedy.”
-Colin Powell
“For me and my family personally, September 11 was a
reminder that life is fleeting, impermanent, and uncertain.
Therefore, we must make use of every moment and nurture
it with affection, tenderness, beauty, creativity, and
laughter.”
-Deepak Chopra, M.D.
13. Thank you for Watching
Hopefully you learned
something new from this
powerpoint presentation.
14. Hyperlinks used for this PowerPoint
http://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks
http://timeline.national911memorial.org/#/Explore/2