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THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND MEETS STAR TREK
Adam Manning LL.B., LL.M.
Adam Manning LL.B.,
LL.M.
Civil Litigation Solicitor
• Environmentalism
– Friends of Weston Shore
– Green Hampshire
• Space Settlement
– The SPACE Project
• Cosmo-ecology
– The radiation of life from Earth out
into the cosmos
• Transhumanism
The SPACE Project
from the British Interplanetary Society
BUT FIRST… A RECAP!
“To boldly go where no one has gone before!”
THE PRIME DIRECTIVE
STARFLEET ORDER NUMBER 1
“No starship may interfere with the normal
development of any alien life or society.”
THE PRIME DIRECTIVE
SOURCES in STAR TREK: ENTERPRISE
2151 to 2155
THE PRIME DIRECTIVE
OSBERVED MORE IN THE BREACH IN THE
ORIGINAL SERIES!
2265-2270
STAR TREK: THE ORIGINAL SERIES
PATTERNS OF FORCE
STAR TREK: THE ORIGINAL SERIES
THE OMEGA GLORY
Captain Kirk:
“A star captain's most
solemn oath is that
he will give his life,
even his entire crew,
rather than violate
the Prime Directive.”
STAR TREK : THE NEXT GENERATION
A PRINCIPLE TAKEN MORE SERIOUSLY
2364 - 2370
Captain Picard:
“.. the Prime Directive
is not just a set of
rules. It is a
philosophy, and a
very correct one.”
STAR TREK : THE NEXT GENERATION
HOMEWARD
THE PRIME DIRECTIVE AT ITS FULLEST SEVERITY
STAR TREK: VOYAGER
INFINITE REGRESS
The Prime Directive has 47 sub-orders.
THE ORIGIN OF THE PRIME DIRECTIVE
IN THE CULTURE OF THE 1960s
THE PRIME DIRECTIVE AS
AMERICAN ISOLATIONISM
THE PRIME DIRECTIVE AS
ENVRIONMENTALISM
SPACE LAW AND THE UNITED NATIONS
The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
STAR TREK AND THE OUTER SPACE TREATY
BOTH DATE FROM AROUND THE SAME TIME
THE OUTER SPACE TREATY AS A
DISARMEMENT TREATY
THE OUTER SPACE TREATY 1967
The preamble mentions the common interest of all
humanity in exploring space and that this should be for the
benefit of all peoples regardless of economic
development.
Article 1 – The exploration and use of space shall be the
common province of all humanity.
Article 2 – Prohibits claims for national sovereignty.
Article 9 – Nation states will avoid harmful contamination
of
outer space.
COMMON THEMES IN THE PRIME
DIRECTIVE AND SPACE LAW
THE MOON AGREEMENT 1979
This Treaty gained support from developing countries. It develops the
principles found in the Outer Space Treaty.
Articles 2 and 3 – outer space to be used for peaceful purposes.
Article 4 – The exploration and use of the Moon shall be the
province
of all mankind and carried out for the benefit of all countries.
Article 7 – State parties must take measures to prevent disruption of
the “existing balance of” the environment of the Moon. Also report any
areas of particular scientific interest and give them special protection.
Article 11 –The Moon and all other resources of space are the
common heritage of mankind. An international regime will be
created
which will manage the use and exploitation of space resources.
THE MOON AGREEMENT 1979
ARTICLE 11 –- THE INTERNATIONAL REGIME
Para 1 – The Moon and its natural resources are the common
heritage
of mankind.
Para 3 – Prohibits ownership of the surface, subsurface or any of the
natural resources of the Moon.
The use of space resources has to be in compliance with an
international regime. This has a number of principles including:
a. safe and orderly development and rational management;
b. expansion of opportunities to use these resources; and
c. equitable sharing with all states of the benefits of using these
resources, with consideration for developing countries.
THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND
(“CHM”)
The CHM principle has been
referred to as a revolution and as
the most important legal principle
for thousands of years.
It is often attributed to a Maltese
Ambassador named Arvin Pardo in
1967 in connection with the Law of the
Sea.
It can also be found in a letter from
Ralph Smith, in the Journal of the
British Interplanetary Society in 1949.
THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS
THE LAW OF THE SEA AND DEEP SEA
MINING
A SPACE FARING CIVILISATION
AN UNFINISHED LEGAL REGIME
STAR TREK’S VISION OF THE
HUMAN FUTURE
HUMANS AS THE ALIENS
A UNITED NATIONS SPACE
AGENCY
Full implementation of the
Common Heritage principle could
require a United Nations or World
Space Agency.
Working towards an international
regime that promotes the
Common Heritage of Mankind
principle. The International
Seabed Authority could give
insight into this.
A SOLAR SYSTEM SPANNING
CIVILISATION
The full implementation of the
CHM principle could involve the
creation of a Common Heritage
Assembly, in which members
meet and take decisions without
reference to their national
origins.
The Common Heritage Principle
has the potential to play a role in
Space Law similar to the Prime
Directive in Star Trek!
QUESTIONS?

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The Common heritage of mankind meets star trek ss

  • 1. THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND MEETS STAR TREK Adam Manning LL.B., LL.M.
  • 2. Adam Manning LL.B., LL.M. Civil Litigation Solicitor • Environmentalism – Friends of Weston Shore – Green Hampshire • Space Settlement – The SPACE Project • Cosmo-ecology – The radiation of life from Earth out into the cosmos • Transhumanism
  • 3. The SPACE Project from the British Interplanetary Society
  • 4. BUT FIRST… A RECAP!
  • 5. “To boldly go where no one has gone before!”
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. THE PRIME DIRECTIVE STARFLEET ORDER NUMBER 1 “No starship may interfere with the normal development of any alien life or society.”
  • 9. THE PRIME DIRECTIVE SOURCES in STAR TREK: ENTERPRISE 2151 to 2155
  • 10. THE PRIME DIRECTIVE OSBERVED MORE IN THE BREACH IN THE ORIGINAL SERIES! 2265-2270
  • 11. STAR TREK: THE ORIGINAL SERIES PATTERNS OF FORCE
  • 12. STAR TREK: THE ORIGINAL SERIES THE OMEGA GLORY Captain Kirk: “A star captain's most solemn oath is that he will give his life, even his entire crew, rather than violate the Prime Directive.”
  • 13. STAR TREK : THE NEXT GENERATION A PRINCIPLE TAKEN MORE SERIOUSLY 2364 - 2370 Captain Picard: “.. the Prime Directive is not just a set of rules. It is a philosophy, and a very correct one.”
  • 14. STAR TREK : THE NEXT GENERATION HOMEWARD THE PRIME DIRECTIVE AT ITS FULLEST SEVERITY
  • 15. STAR TREK: VOYAGER INFINITE REGRESS The Prime Directive has 47 sub-orders.
  • 16. THE ORIGIN OF THE PRIME DIRECTIVE IN THE CULTURE OF THE 1960s
  • 17. THE PRIME DIRECTIVE AS AMERICAN ISOLATIONISM
  • 18. THE PRIME DIRECTIVE AS ENVRIONMENTALISM
  • 19. SPACE LAW AND THE UNITED NATIONS The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
  • 20. STAR TREK AND THE OUTER SPACE TREATY BOTH DATE FROM AROUND THE SAME TIME
  • 21. THE OUTER SPACE TREATY AS A DISARMEMENT TREATY
  • 22. THE OUTER SPACE TREATY 1967 The preamble mentions the common interest of all humanity in exploring space and that this should be for the benefit of all peoples regardless of economic development. Article 1 – The exploration and use of space shall be the common province of all humanity. Article 2 – Prohibits claims for national sovereignty. Article 9 – Nation states will avoid harmful contamination of outer space.
  • 23. COMMON THEMES IN THE PRIME DIRECTIVE AND SPACE LAW
  • 24. THE MOON AGREEMENT 1979 This Treaty gained support from developing countries. It develops the principles found in the Outer Space Treaty. Articles 2 and 3 – outer space to be used for peaceful purposes. Article 4 – The exploration and use of the Moon shall be the province of all mankind and carried out for the benefit of all countries. Article 7 – State parties must take measures to prevent disruption of the “existing balance of” the environment of the Moon. Also report any areas of particular scientific interest and give them special protection. Article 11 –The Moon and all other resources of space are the common heritage of mankind. An international regime will be created which will manage the use and exploitation of space resources.
  • 25. THE MOON AGREEMENT 1979 ARTICLE 11 –- THE INTERNATIONAL REGIME Para 1 – The Moon and its natural resources are the common heritage of mankind. Para 3 – Prohibits ownership of the surface, subsurface or any of the natural resources of the Moon. The use of space resources has to be in compliance with an international regime. This has a number of principles including: a. safe and orderly development and rational management; b. expansion of opportunities to use these resources; and c. equitable sharing with all states of the benefits of using these resources, with consideration for developing countries.
  • 26. THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND (“CHM”) The CHM principle has been referred to as a revolution and as the most important legal principle for thousands of years. It is often attributed to a Maltese Ambassador named Arvin Pardo in 1967 in connection with the Law of the Sea. It can also be found in a letter from Ralph Smith, in the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society in 1949.
  • 27. THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS
  • 28. THE LAW OF THE SEA AND DEEP SEA MINING
  • 29. A SPACE FARING CIVILISATION
  • 31. STAR TREK’S VISION OF THE HUMAN FUTURE
  • 32. HUMANS AS THE ALIENS
  • 33. A UNITED NATIONS SPACE AGENCY Full implementation of the Common Heritage principle could require a United Nations or World Space Agency. Working towards an international regime that promotes the Common Heritage of Mankind principle. The International Seabed Authority could give insight into this.
  • 34. A SOLAR SYSTEM SPANNING CIVILISATION The full implementation of the CHM principle could involve the creation of a Common Heritage Assembly, in which members meet and take decisions without reference to their national origins. The Common Heritage Principle has the potential to play a role in Space Law similar to the Prime Directive in Star Trek!