This document discusses the history and development of space law regarding the use of space resources. It covers the following key points:
1) Early space treaties like the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and 1979 Moon Agreement established that space exploration should benefit all countries and prohibited claims of sovereignty over celestial bodies.
2) The Moon Agreement introduced the concept of space resources being the "common heritage of mankind" and required the creation of an international regime to oversee the use and exploitation of these resources.
3) There is ongoing debate around how to fully implement the "common heritage of mankind" principle to promote equitable sharing of space resources between all nations as space exploitation increases.
The document discusses the possibility and challenges of asteroid mining. It notes that while the Outer Space Treaty prohibits national claims of sovereignty over celestial bodies, it does not explicitly prohibit private ownership of resources extracted from asteroids. Several companies are developing plans to prospect and mine near-Earth asteroids for valuable metals. However, legal issues around property rights in outer space remain unresolved. Overall, asteroid mining remains speculative and high-risk, though it could become economically viable if in-space resource utilization technologies advance sufficiently.
Grand theft of global commons (final edited delivery version)Sam Rodriguez Galope
1) The document discusses China's claim over maritime space in the South China Sea through its "nine-dashed line", which encompasses around three million square kilometers, including areas that belong to other countries' exclusive economic zones under international law.
2) It summarizes key aspects of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which established maritime zones and declared fishery resources beyond countries' exclusive economic zones and mineral resources beyond their continental shelves as "the common heritage of mankind."
3) It argues that China's nine-dashed line claim violates UNCLOS and international law by attempting to claim sovereignty over waters beyond its territorial sea that are part of the global commons, including the area designated
The restless earth revision geog exam 9.3.15cpugh5345
This document contains notes from multiple natural disasters including the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Yellowstone supervolcano in the United States, and the 1995-1997 volcanic eruption on Montserrat. It provides key details for each event such as dates, magnitudes, fatalities, damages, and in some cases tectonic explanations. It also includes brief sections on plate tectonics and types of volcanoes.
Here are some recommendations the committee could make to further nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament:
1. Urge all states that possess nuclear weapons to decrease their stockpiles in accordance with their obligations under Article VI of the NPT, with the ultimate goal of total elimination of nuclear weapons.
2. Encourage states to establish additional nuclear-weapon-free zones, especially in regions like the Middle East that currently do not have any treaties.
3. Call on all states, especially those not party to the NPT, to accept comprehensive International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all their nuclear activities and sign an Additional Protocol.
4. Request that the P5 states take further unilateral measures to reduce the
The document discusses the development and use of atomic bombs during World War II, including the physics behind how they work, the Manhattan Project that developed the bombs, and the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. It describes the efforts of scientists and engineers to produce fissile materials and develop nuclear weapons, as well as the devastating impacts of the bombings on the two Japanese cities.
The document discusses the four main spheres of Earth: the hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The hydrosphere is made up of water in all forms and covers 71% of the planet. The atmosphere is a blanket of air made up of 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen that protects the Earth. The lithosphere consists of rocks and soil that make up the uneven land surface. The biosphere overlaps all the other spheres and includes all life forms on Earth that depend on each other to survive.
This document discusses the history and development of space law regarding the use of space resources. It covers the following key points:
1) Early space treaties like the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and 1979 Moon Agreement established that space exploration should benefit all countries and prohibited claims of sovereignty over celestial bodies.
2) The Moon Agreement introduced the concept of space resources being the "common heritage of mankind" and required the creation of an international regime to oversee the use and exploitation of these resources.
3) There is ongoing debate around how to fully implement the "common heritage of mankind" principle to promote equitable sharing of space resources between all nations as space exploitation increases.
The document discusses the possibility and challenges of asteroid mining. It notes that while the Outer Space Treaty prohibits national claims of sovereignty over celestial bodies, it does not explicitly prohibit private ownership of resources extracted from asteroids. Several companies are developing plans to prospect and mine near-Earth asteroids for valuable metals. However, legal issues around property rights in outer space remain unresolved. Overall, asteroid mining remains speculative and high-risk, though it could become economically viable if in-space resource utilization technologies advance sufficiently.
Grand theft of global commons (final edited delivery version)Sam Rodriguez Galope
1) The document discusses China's claim over maritime space in the South China Sea through its "nine-dashed line", which encompasses around three million square kilometers, including areas that belong to other countries' exclusive economic zones under international law.
2) It summarizes key aspects of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which established maritime zones and declared fishery resources beyond countries' exclusive economic zones and mineral resources beyond their continental shelves as "the common heritage of mankind."
3) It argues that China's nine-dashed line claim violates UNCLOS and international law by attempting to claim sovereignty over waters beyond its territorial sea that are part of the global commons, including the area designated
The restless earth revision geog exam 9.3.15cpugh5345
This document contains notes from multiple natural disasters including the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Yellowstone supervolcano in the United States, and the 1995-1997 volcanic eruption on Montserrat. It provides key details for each event such as dates, magnitudes, fatalities, damages, and in some cases tectonic explanations. It also includes brief sections on plate tectonics and types of volcanoes.
Here are some recommendations the committee could make to further nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament:
1. Urge all states that possess nuclear weapons to decrease their stockpiles in accordance with their obligations under Article VI of the NPT, with the ultimate goal of total elimination of nuclear weapons.
2. Encourage states to establish additional nuclear-weapon-free zones, especially in regions like the Middle East that currently do not have any treaties.
3. Call on all states, especially those not party to the NPT, to accept comprehensive International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all their nuclear activities and sign an Additional Protocol.
4. Request that the P5 states take further unilateral measures to reduce the
The document discusses the development and use of atomic bombs during World War II, including the physics behind how they work, the Manhattan Project that developed the bombs, and the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. It describes the efforts of scientists and engineers to produce fissile materials and develop nuclear weapons, as well as the devastating impacts of the bombings on the two Japanese cities.
The document discusses the four main spheres of Earth: the hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The hydrosphere is made up of water in all forms and covers 71% of the planet. The atmosphere is a blanket of air made up of 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen that protects the Earth. The lithosphere consists of rocks and soil that make up the uneven land surface. The biosphere overlaps all the other spheres and includes all life forms on Earth that depend on each other to survive.
“The Earth is the cradle of humanity but mankind cannot stay in the cradle forever” -Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
Private companies are actively promoting plans to mine in Outer Space, and for the first time, these are seeming not far-fetched, but probable. Thus, we on Earth are faced with some tricky questions, which may have far-reaching consequences;
Who (if anyone) owns the moon and outer space ?
Who (if anyone) has the right to derive economic benefit from them?
Who gets to decide?
Join writer Angela Dennis, for a discussion of the ‘new space race’; the main players, legal implications, and how Georgism might offer a model to ensure economic justice in extra-terrestrial resource extraction.
Individual ownership of celestial bodies like the Moon is not recognized under international law. However, some argue private companies could mine asteroids for resources without claiming sovereignty. Three companies - Planetary Resources, Deep Space Industries, and Kepler Energy - plan to prospect and mine near-Earth asteroids for water and precious metals to use in space or return to Earth, but none have successfully launched missions yet. Significant challenges around developing affordable space transport must still be overcome before asteroid mining becomes commercially viable.
This document discusses several private space exploration companies and their plans to explore and utilize resources in space. It also discusses relevant space law and debates around ownership of celestial resources. Several companies plan missions to the Moon's surface in the 2020s to conduct research and extract water and other resources. There is debate around interpretations of existing space treaties and whether companies can own the resources they extract. Some see potential for a Georgist approach where companies could bid for access rights to areas and share resulting rents internationally.
R. Buckminster Fuller dedicates his book "Grunch of Giants" to three influential women: his great aunt Margaret Fuller Assoli, who co-edited the Transcendentalist magazine the Dial; Marilyn Ferguson, author of "The Aquarian Conspiracy"; and Barbara Marx Hubbard, founder of the Committee for the Future. The book introduces Fuller's concept of "livingry", which proposes meeting all of humanity's needs through invention and mass-production of interdependent technologies, rather than through politics. Fuller had been developing such inventions since 1927 to provide a sustainable living standard for all, including tensegrity structures, geodesic domes, the Dymaxion house, and maps, vehicles
Space Tourism and Sustainable DevelopmentSteven Fawkes
Presentation on Space Tourism and Sustainable Development to British Interplanetary Society Space Tourism conference 29th November 2006. Links the development of low cost access to space to the issues of sustainable development.
History of Nature 7b Spaceship Earth.pdfJohn Wilkins
This document discusses the metaphor of the Earth as a spaceship and how thinkers throughout history have used this metaphor. It mentions that the idea of spaceship Earth was discussed as early as 1879 by Henry George in his book Progress and Poverty. Later thinkers like George Orwell and Adlai Stevenson also invoked the metaphor. The document then discusses how systems theory views the Earth's ecosystems, economies, and human systems as interconnected complex networks and emphasizes the need to understand them as such in order to ensure the sustainability and resilience of the whole system.
Global warming / Climate change / Political deceit and mass mental manipulationRobert Powell
History of Global Warming and the Oregon Global Warming Commission Scandal. Global Warming Commission has slowed business, placed artificial, unattainable goals in place while ignoring the people of the state in many other ways. This is Corporatism in play. Flow of leftist gutting of traditional education for Sustainable education.
The document discusses the importance and future of mineral exploration and mining in space. It argues that mining will be essential for humanity's continued advancement as we explore the moon, Mars, and beyond. Canada is well-positioned to play a leading role in off-Earth mining due to its expertise in mineral exploration on Earth and potential opportunities for developing new technologies and practices for exploring and mining extraterrestrial resources.
The Moon Agreement of 1979 establishes that all celestial bodies and their orbits fall under international jurisdiction and must conform to international law. It intends to create a legal regime for the Moon and other celestial bodies similar to international sea law. The treaty declares that the Moon should be used to benefit all states and peoples, and prevent conflict. It bans military activities and exploration without approval, requires sharing research samples, and prevents altering environments or claiming sovereignty over territory. However, the treaty is controversial as leading space powers like the US and USSR disagreed on its provisions.
- Space law governs the exploration and use of outer space and aims to ensure peaceful and responsible use.
- The key principles of space law were established in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, including the prohibition of military uses of space and the freedom of access to space by all nations.
- Space law recognizes principles such as the non-appropriation of celestial bodies, liability for damage from space activities, and international cooperation in space activities.
This document provides an introduction and table of contents to Buckminster Fuller's book "Grunch of Giants". It summarizes Fuller's background and dedication of the book. It then outlines Fuller's career developing inventions and prototypes for sustainable living structures and transportation, known as "livingry", from 1927 onward. Fuller saw these as an alternative to politics in solving humanity's problems. The introduction discusses the different timescales required for new inventions to be adopted, from months to decades. It positions Fuller's work as anticipating future needs and technologies as humanity became more integrated on a global scale.
For All Moonkind Presentation to the Galaxy Forum July 4 2019ILOAHawaii
This document discusses the need to protect and preserve historic sites on the Moon, particularly the Tranquility Base where Apollo 11 first landed in 1969. It outlines the five Apollo landing sites from 1969 to 1972 and notes that current international space law does not address preserving human cultural heritage in space. The document proposes creating a new convention to manage and protect human heritage sites in outer space, including establishing a Moon Registry. It also discusses proposed US legislation called the One Small Step Act that would require agencies to include agreements protecting Apollo 11 in any new licenses for activities on the Moon.
The oceans had long been subject to the freedom of-the-seas doctrine - a principle put forth in the seventeenth century essentially limiting national rights and jurisdiction over the oceans to a narrow belt of sea surrounding a nation's coastline. The remainder of the seas was proclaimed to be free to all and belonging to none. While this situation prevailed into the twentieth century, by mid-century there was an impetus to extend national claims over offshore resources. There was growing concern over the toll taken on coastal fish stocks by long-distance fishing fleets and over the threat of pollution and wastes from transport ships and oil tankers carrying noxious cargoes that plied sea routes across the globe. The hazard of pollution was ever present, threatening coastal resorts and all forms of ocean life. The navies of the maritime powers were competing to maintain a presence across the globe on the surface waters and even under the sea……..
The oceans were generating a multitude of claims, counterclaims and sovereignty disputes.
The hope was for a more stable order, promoting greater use and better management of ocean resources and generating harmony and goodwill among States that would no longer have to eye each other suspiciously over conflicting claims……
On 1 November 1967, Malta's Ambassador to the United Nations, Arvid Pardo, asked the nations of the world to look around them and open their eyes to a looming conflict that could devastate the oceans, the lifeline of man's very survival……..
The Conference was convened in New York in 1973. It ended nine years later with the adoption in 1982 of a constitution for the seas - the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. During those nine years, shuttling back and forth between New York and Geneva, representatives of more than 160 sovereign States sat down and discussed the issues, bargained and traded national rights and obligations in the course of the marathon negotiations that produced the Convention.
The document summarizes key concepts in environmental science through a series of sections:
1. It discusses the debate around building a dam in Hetch Hetchy valley in Yosemite National Park to provide water for San Francisco. This was one of the first major debates between anthropocentric and ecocentric views.
2. It then covers broader environmental topics like resource depletion, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and environmental ethics. Developed and developing countries are also compared in their impact and approach to the environment.
3. Sustainability and the closed system of the Earth are discussed as major challenges given the planet's limited resources and growing population. Meeting needs today without compromising the future is emphasized
Environmental science is the study of the interaction of humans with the natural environment.
The environment includes all conditions that surround living organisms:
Climate
Air and water quality
Soil and landforms
Presence of other living organisms
The document summarizes key topics in environmental science, including:
- The debate around building a dam in Hetch Hetchy valley of Yosemite National Park to provide water for San Francisco.
- Major issues like resource depletion, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and different approaches to environmental ethics between anthropocentrism and ecocentrism.
- The development of environmentalism from conservation to modern activism in response to events like oil spills and toxic pollution.
SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANKINDVishal Pandey
The space age started with the launch of first Russian satellite Sputnik 1 on 4 October 1957.Ever since,the rocket powered launch vehicles carried state of the art scientific equipment to explore moon , the sun , solar system and the cosmos. This resulted in designing and fabricating the instruments having more than 6000000 components with reliability greater than 99.9999%. In 1960s man landed on moon and in 1970s the planetary exploration continued the space march. The comet Halley, which orbits the sun in about 76 years was photographed from a distance of about 500 kms in the year 1986. The success of launch and recovery of Space Shuttle made the space just another location in 1980s. This opened a variety of new vistas of science and technology.
“The Earth is the cradle of humanity but mankind cannot stay in the cradle forever” -Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
Private companies are actively promoting plans to mine in Outer Space, and for the first time, these are seeming not far-fetched, but probable. Thus, we on Earth are faced with some tricky questions, which may have far-reaching consequences;
Who (if anyone) owns the moon and outer space ?
Who (if anyone) has the right to derive economic benefit from them?
Who gets to decide?
Join writer Angela Dennis, for a discussion of the ‘new space race’; the main players, legal implications, and how Georgism might offer a model to ensure economic justice in extra-terrestrial resource extraction.
Individual ownership of celestial bodies like the Moon is not recognized under international law. However, some argue private companies could mine asteroids for resources without claiming sovereignty. Three companies - Planetary Resources, Deep Space Industries, and Kepler Energy - plan to prospect and mine near-Earth asteroids for water and precious metals to use in space or return to Earth, but none have successfully launched missions yet. Significant challenges around developing affordable space transport must still be overcome before asteroid mining becomes commercially viable.
This document discusses several private space exploration companies and their plans to explore and utilize resources in space. It also discusses relevant space law and debates around ownership of celestial resources. Several companies plan missions to the Moon's surface in the 2020s to conduct research and extract water and other resources. There is debate around interpretations of existing space treaties and whether companies can own the resources they extract. Some see potential for a Georgist approach where companies could bid for access rights to areas and share resulting rents internationally.
R. Buckminster Fuller dedicates his book "Grunch of Giants" to three influential women: his great aunt Margaret Fuller Assoli, who co-edited the Transcendentalist magazine the Dial; Marilyn Ferguson, author of "The Aquarian Conspiracy"; and Barbara Marx Hubbard, founder of the Committee for the Future. The book introduces Fuller's concept of "livingry", which proposes meeting all of humanity's needs through invention and mass-production of interdependent technologies, rather than through politics. Fuller had been developing such inventions since 1927 to provide a sustainable living standard for all, including tensegrity structures, geodesic domes, the Dymaxion house, and maps, vehicles
Space Tourism and Sustainable DevelopmentSteven Fawkes
Presentation on Space Tourism and Sustainable Development to British Interplanetary Society Space Tourism conference 29th November 2006. Links the development of low cost access to space to the issues of sustainable development.
History of Nature 7b Spaceship Earth.pdfJohn Wilkins
This document discusses the metaphor of the Earth as a spaceship and how thinkers throughout history have used this metaphor. It mentions that the idea of spaceship Earth was discussed as early as 1879 by Henry George in his book Progress and Poverty. Later thinkers like George Orwell and Adlai Stevenson also invoked the metaphor. The document then discusses how systems theory views the Earth's ecosystems, economies, and human systems as interconnected complex networks and emphasizes the need to understand them as such in order to ensure the sustainability and resilience of the whole system.
Global warming / Climate change / Political deceit and mass mental manipulationRobert Powell
History of Global Warming and the Oregon Global Warming Commission Scandal. Global Warming Commission has slowed business, placed artificial, unattainable goals in place while ignoring the people of the state in many other ways. This is Corporatism in play. Flow of leftist gutting of traditional education for Sustainable education.
The document discusses the importance and future of mineral exploration and mining in space. It argues that mining will be essential for humanity's continued advancement as we explore the moon, Mars, and beyond. Canada is well-positioned to play a leading role in off-Earth mining due to its expertise in mineral exploration on Earth and potential opportunities for developing new technologies and practices for exploring and mining extraterrestrial resources.
The Moon Agreement of 1979 establishes that all celestial bodies and their orbits fall under international jurisdiction and must conform to international law. It intends to create a legal regime for the Moon and other celestial bodies similar to international sea law. The treaty declares that the Moon should be used to benefit all states and peoples, and prevent conflict. It bans military activities and exploration without approval, requires sharing research samples, and prevents altering environments or claiming sovereignty over territory. However, the treaty is controversial as leading space powers like the US and USSR disagreed on its provisions.
- Space law governs the exploration and use of outer space and aims to ensure peaceful and responsible use.
- The key principles of space law were established in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, including the prohibition of military uses of space and the freedom of access to space by all nations.
- Space law recognizes principles such as the non-appropriation of celestial bodies, liability for damage from space activities, and international cooperation in space activities.
This document provides an introduction and table of contents to Buckminster Fuller's book "Grunch of Giants". It summarizes Fuller's background and dedication of the book. It then outlines Fuller's career developing inventions and prototypes for sustainable living structures and transportation, known as "livingry", from 1927 onward. Fuller saw these as an alternative to politics in solving humanity's problems. The introduction discusses the different timescales required for new inventions to be adopted, from months to decades. It positions Fuller's work as anticipating future needs and technologies as humanity became more integrated on a global scale.
For All Moonkind Presentation to the Galaxy Forum July 4 2019ILOAHawaii
This document discusses the need to protect and preserve historic sites on the Moon, particularly the Tranquility Base where Apollo 11 first landed in 1969. It outlines the five Apollo landing sites from 1969 to 1972 and notes that current international space law does not address preserving human cultural heritage in space. The document proposes creating a new convention to manage and protect human heritage sites in outer space, including establishing a Moon Registry. It also discusses proposed US legislation called the One Small Step Act that would require agencies to include agreements protecting Apollo 11 in any new licenses for activities on the Moon.
The oceans had long been subject to the freedom of-the-seas doctrine - a principle put forth in the seventeenth century essentially limiting national rights and jurisdiction over the oceans to a narrow belt of sea surrounding a nation's coastline. The remainder of the seas was proclaimed to be free to all and belonging to none. While this situation prevailed into the twentieth century, by mid-century there was an impetus to extend national claims over offshore resources. There was growing concern over the toll taken on coastal fish stocks by long-distance fishing fleets and over the threat of pollution and wastes from transport ships and oil tankers carrying noxious cargoes that plied sea routes across the globe. The hazard of pollution was ever present, threatening coastal resorts and all forms of ocean life. The navies of the maritime powers were competing to maintain a presence across the globe on the surface waters and even under the sea……..
The oceans were generating a multitude of claims, counterclaims and sovereignty disputes.
The hope was for a more stable order, promoting greater use and better management of ocean resources and generating harmony and goodwill among States that would no longer have to eye each other suspiciously over conflicting claims……
On 1 November 1967, Malta's Ambassador to the United Nations, Arvid Pardo, asked the nations of the world to look around them and open their eyes to a looming conflict that could devastate the oceans, the lifeline of man's very survival……..
The Conference was convened in New York in 1973. It ended nine years later with the adoption in 1982 of a constitution for the seas - the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. During those nine years, shuttling back and forth between New York and Geneva, representatives of more than 160 sovereign States sat down and discussed the issues, bargained and traded national rights and obligations in the course of the marathon negotiations that produced the Convention.
The document summarizes key concepts in environmental science through a series of sections:
1. It discusses the debate around building a dam in Hetch Hetchy valley in Yosemite National Park to provide water for San Francisco. This was one of the first major debates between anthropocentric and ecocentric views.
2. It then covers broader environmental topics like resource depletion, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and environmental ethics. Developed and developing countries are also compared in their impact and approach to the environment.
3. Sustainability and the closed system of the Earth are discussed as major challenges given the planet's limited resources and growing population. Meeting needs today without compromising the future is emphasized
Environmental science is the study of the interaction of humans with the natural environment.
The environment includes all conditions that surround living organisms:
Climate
Air and water quality
Soil and landforms
Presence of other living organisms
The document summarizes key topics in environmental science, including:
- The debate around building a dam in Hetch Hetchy valley of Yosemite National Park to provide water for San Francisco.
- Major issues like resource depletion, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and different approaches to environmental ethics between anthropocentrism and ecocentrism.
- The development of environmentalism from conservation to modern activism in response to events like oil spills and toxic pollution.
SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANKINDVishal Pandey
The space age started with the launch of first Russian satellite Sputnik 1 on 4 October 1957.Ever since,the rocket powered launch vehicles carried state of the art scientific equipment to explore moon , the sun , solar system and the cosmos. This resulted in designing and fabricating the instruments having more than 6000000 components with reliability greater than 99.9999%. In 1960s man landed on moon and in 1970s the planetary exploration continued the space march. The comet Halley, which orbits the sun in about 76 years was photographed from a distance of about 500 kms in the year 1986. The success of launch and recovery of Space Shuttle made the space just another location in 1980s. This opened a variety of new vistas of science and technology.
Similar to The Common heritage of mankind meets star trek ss (20)
Indonesian Manpower Regulation on Severance Pay for Retiring Private Sector E...AHRP Law Firm
Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower has been partially revoked and amended several times, with the latest amendment made through Law Number 6 of 2023. Attention is drawn to a specific part of the Manpower Law concerning severance pay. This aspect is undoubtedly one of the most crucial parts regulated by the Manpower Law. It is essential for both employers and employees to abide by the law, fulfill their obligations, and retain their rights regarding this matter.
A Critical Study of ICC Prosecutor's Move on GAZA WarNilendra Kumar
ICC Prosecutor Karim Khan's proposal to its judges seeking permission to prosecute Israeli leaders and Hamas commanders for crimes against the law of war has serious ramifications and calls deep scrutiny.
2. Adam Manning LL.B.,
LL.M.
Civil Litigation Solicitor
• Environmentalism
– Friends of Weston Shore
– Green Hampshire
• Space Settlement
– The SPACE Project
• Cosmo-ecology
– The radiation of life from Earth out
into the cosmos
• Transhumanism
12. STAR TREK: THE ORIGINAL SERIES
THE OMEGA GLORY
Captain Kirk:
“A star captain's most
solemn oath is that
he will give his life,
even his entire crew,
rather than violate
the Prime Directive.”
13. STAR TREK : THE NEXT GENERATION
A PRINCIPLE TAKEN MORE SERIOUSLY
2364 - 2370
Captain Picard:
“.. the Prime Directive
is not just a set of
rules. It is a
philosophy, and a
very correct one.”
14. STAR TREK : THE NEXT GENERATION
HOMEWARD
THE PRIME DIRECTIVE AT ITS FULLEST SEVERITY
22. THE OUTER SPACE TREATY 1967
The preamble mentions the common interest of all
humanity in exploring space and that this should be for the
benefit of all peoples regardless of economic
development.
Article 1 – The exploration and use of space shall be the
common province of all humanity.
Article 2 – Prohibits claims for national sovereignty.
Article 9 – Nation states will avoid harmful contamination
of
outer space.
24. THE MOON AGREEMENT 1979
This Treaty gained support from developing countries. It develops the
principles found in the Outer Space Treaty.
Articles 2 and 3 – outer space to be used for peaceful purposes.
Article 4 – The exploration and use of the Moon shall be the
province
of all mankind and carried out for the benefit of all countries.
Article 7 – State parties must take measures to prevent disruption of
the “existing balance of” the environment of the Moon. Also report any
areas of particular scientific interest and give them special protection.
Article 11 –The Moon and all other resources of space are the
common heritage of mankind. An international regime will be
created
which will manage the use and exploitation of space resources.
25. THE MOON AGREEMENT 1979
ARTICLE 11 –- THE INTERNATIONAL REGIME
Para 1 – The Moon and its natural resources are the common
heritage
of mankind.
Para 3 – Prohibits ownership of the surface, subsurface or any of the
natural resources of the Moon.
The use of space resources has to be in compliance with an
international regime. This has a number of principles including:
a. safe and orderly development and rational management;
b. expansion of opportunities to use these resources; and
c. equitable sharing with all states of the benefits of using these
resources, with consideration for developing countries.
26. THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND
(“CHM”)
The CHM principle has been
referred to as a revolution and as
the most important legal principle
for thousands of years.
It is often attributed to a Maltese
Ambassador named Arvin Pardo in
1967 in connection with the Law of the
Sea.
It can also be found in a letter from
Ralph Smith, in the Journal of the
British Interplanetary Society in 1949.
33. A UNITED NATIONS SPACE
AGENCY
Full implementation of the
Common Heritage principle could
require a United Nations or World
Space Agency.
Working towards an international
regime that promotes the
Common Heritage of Mankind
principle. The International
Seabed Authority could give
insight into this.
34. A SOLAR SYSTEM SPANNING
CIVILISATION
The full implementation of the
CHM principle could involve the
creation of a Common Heritage
Assembly, in which members
meet and take decisions without
reference to their national
origins.
The Common Heritage Principle
has the potential to play a role in
Space Law similar to the Prime
Directive in Star Trek!