This is a poster that Helen Leach and I will be presenting at SAPC SW in Cardiff (March 24).
It is a summary of the development of academic general practice within the UK and some of the major technological innovations in our field.
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The Art and the Science of UK General Practice A historical review and timeline Poster SAPC SW EBM.pdf
1. Academic General Practice Practice Technology
General Practice Teaching Unit (1948)
The Beveridge Report (1942)
The National Health Service (1948)
The NHS Prescription Charge (1949)
Penicillin mass produced (1940)
First double blind trial (1943)
Diphenhydramine (1943)
Aminoglycosides, (1944)
Nitrofurantoin (1945)
First RCT (1946)
Chloramphenicol (1947)
Tetracycline and Cephalosporins (1948)
College of General Practitioners’ Research Newsletter (1953)
Collings Report (1950)
RCGP Founded (1952)
Balint’s ‘The Doctor, His Patient and the Illness’ (1955)
Macrolides (Erythromycin), Trimethoprim (1952) Clindamycin
(1954)
Imipramine (1955)
Paracetamol (1956)
Nitro (octyl nitrate) inhaler(1956)
Metformin (1958)
Fusidic acid (1958)
Metronidazole (1959)
Dr Richard Scott becomes the first Professor of General Practice,
Edinburgh (1963)
Framingham Heart Study (1961)
Introduction of MRCGP (1965)
The Family Doctors Charter (1966)
Flouroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin), Diazepam (1963)
Furosemide (1964)
Propranolol (1965)
COCP (1967)
Ibuprofen (1969)
Salbutamol inhaler (1969)
Warfarin (1960)
First scientific meeting of the Association of University Teachers
of General Practice (1972)
Medical Research Council founds the General Practice Research
Network (1973)
RCGP Scientific Foundation Board founded (1976)
First GP to use a PC in consultation (1970)
Julian Tudor Hart - Inverse Care Law (1971)
The world's first paperless general practice (1975)
Vocational Training Act (1976)
Byrne and Long Model (1976)
Declaration of Alma Ata (1978)
Mupirocin (1971)
Cimetidine (1972)
Archie Cochrane's book Effectiveness and Efficiency (1972)
Nurses’ Health Study (1978)
Mental Health Act (1983)
Pendleton Model (1984)
Roger Neighbour’s ‘The Inner Consultation’ (1987)
Breast screening programme (1988)
Beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler (1982)
Fluoxetine (1986)
MMR (1988)
Simvastatin (1989)
Omeprazole (1989)
AUTGP becomes the Association of University Departments of
General Practice (1992)
Academy of UK Medical Royal Colleges officially recognises
systematic reviews as academically important research (1998)
Introduction of GP Fundholding (1991)
Good Medical Practice (1995)
Primary Care Act (1997)
NHS Direct (1998)
NICE Guidelines (1998)
Cambridge-Calgary Model (1998)
Quality in GP Consultations paper (1999)
Introduction of primary care groups (PCGs) (1999)
Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine (1990s)
Womens’ Health Initiative (1992)
Wakefield MMR Scandal (1998)
AUDGP becomes the Society for Academic Primary Care (2001)
NIHR Clinical Research Network introduced (2005)
School of Primary Care Research founded (2006)
The NHS Plan (2000)
Shipman Enquiry (2002)
The New GP Contract (2003)
QOF introduced (2004)
NICE recommend ACEi and ARB for hypertension (2004)
Ipratropium bromide inhaler (2004)
Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (2006)
QRISK 1 (2007)
Liraglutide (2009)
Introduction of Clinical Commissioning Griups (2013)
Introduction of ARRS scheme (2019)
DOACs (2010)
Dapagliflozin (2014)
NIHR Research Delivery Networks introduced (2024)
COVID-2019 (2020 onwards)
Introduction of Integrated Care Boards (2022)
Patient access to notes (2023)
Ozempic and Wegovy (2021)
Introduction. The 75th anniversary of the NHS is an opportunity to reflect on the history of General Practice. Medical schools and Postgraduate speciality training
scheme curriculums are struggling to cover the increasing bio-clinial knowledge. Humanities subjects are being squeezed, despite providing valuable context,
inspiration and alternative ways of thinking and developing as a clinician. The authors produced a timeline of significant developments in primary care evidence-
based medicine (EBM), that they propose could be used in future as a core-curriculum for medical students and trainees.
Methods. The authors conducted a search to identify major
changes in practice and technology deemed significant for
patient care or delivery of primary care in the UK. Consensus was
reached for inclusion.
Results. The timeline displays the narrative towards
modern-day primary care and demonstrate the complex broad
base that surrounds daily practice.
1.McConville K. The history of GP training. InnovAiT. 2023 Mar 1;16(3):115–9.
2.Hellenberg DA. A short history of academic general practice in UK medical schools. Afr J Prim Health Care Amp Fam Med [Internet]. 2013 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Mar 8];5(1). Available from: https://tinyurl.com/35ftb56x
3.Mughal F, Atherton H, Reeve J, Mallen CD. Academic primary care: challenges and opportunities. Br J Gen Pract. 2022 Feb 25;72(716):104–5.
4.Howie JG. Academic general practice: reflections on a 60-year journey. Br J Gen Pract. 2010 Aug 1;60(577):620–3.
5.Kmietowicz Z. A century of general practice. BMJ. 2006 Jan 7;332(7532):39–40.
6.Loudon SL. The origin of the general practitioner. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1983;
7.Horder JP, Swift G. The history of vocational training for general practice. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1979 Jan;29(198):24–32.
8.Nuffield Trust [Internet]. [cited 2024 Mar 8]. The history of the NHS. Available from: https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/health-and-social-care-explained/the-history-of-the-nhs
9.Porter R. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present. Fontana Press; 1999. 833 p.
10.SAPC-admin. SAPC. 2015 [cited 2024 Mar 8]. A short history of SAPC. Available from: https://sapc.ac.uk/article/short-history-of-sapc
11.Bynum W. The History of Medicine: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford; 2008. 185 p.
12. Gray DP. History of the Royal College of General Practitioners--the first 40 years. Br J Gen Pract. 1992 Jan;42(354):29–35.
13. Simon C. From Generalism to Specialty—A Short History of General Practice. InnovAiT. 2009 Jan 1;2(1):2–9.
14. Balint M. The doctor, his patient, and the illness. Lancet. 1955 Apr 2;268(6866):683–8.
15. Collings J. GENERAL PRACTICE IN ENGLAND TODAY -A RECONNAISSANCE. The Lancet. 1950 Mar 25;255(6604):555.
16. Keys A, Anderson JT, Fidanza F, Keys MH, Swahn B. Effects of diet on blood lipids in man, particularly cholesterol and lipoproteins. Clin Chem. 1955 Feb;1(1):34–52.
17. Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Kagan A, Revotskie N, Stokes J. Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease--six year follow-up experience. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1961 Jul;55:33–50.
18. The World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects [Internet]. 1964 [cited 2024 Mar 11]. Available from: https://www.wma.net
19. Hart JT. THE INVERSE CARE LAW. The Lancet. 1971 Feb 27;297(7696):405–12.
20. Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, et al. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):637–41.
21. Sabatowski R, Schafer D, Kasper S, Brunsch H, Radbruch L. Pain Treatment: A Historical Overview. CPD. 2004 Mar 1;10(7):701–16.
22. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, Robson J, May M, Brindle P. Derivation and validation of QRISK, a new cardiovascular disease risk score for the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study. BMJ. 2007 Jul 21;335(7611):136.
23. Stein SW, Thiel CG. The History of Therapeutic Aerosols: A Chronological Review. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2017 Feb 1;30(1):20–41.
24. A short history of general practice: Consumerist medicine – BJGP Life [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Mar 11]. Available from: https://bjgplife.com
The Art and the Science of UK General Practice:
A historical review and timeline
Dr Jake Matthews, Dr Helen Leach
Full References
@JakeMat91
![Academic General Practice Practice Technology
General Practice Teaching Unit (1948)
The Beveridge Report (1942)
The National Health Service (1948)
The NHS Prescription Charge (1949)
Penicillin mass produced (1940)
First double blind trial (1943)
Diphenhydramine (1943)
Aminoglycosides, (1944)
Nitrofurantoin (1945)
First RCT (1946)
Chloramphenicol (1947)
Tetracycline and Cephalosporins (1948)
College of General Practitioners’ Research Newsletter (1953)
Collings Report (1950)
RCGP Founded (1952)
Balint’s ‘The Doctor, His Patient and the Illness’ (1955)
Macrolides (Erythromycin), Trimethoprim (1952) Clindamycin
(1954)
Imipramine (1955)
Paracetamol (1956)
Nitro (octyl nitrate) inhaler(1956)
Metformin (1958)
Fusidic acid (1958)
Metronidazole (1959)
Dr Richard Scott becomes the first Professor of General Practice,
Edinburgh (1963)
Framingham Heart Study (1961)
Introduction of MRCGP (1965)
The Family Doctors Charter (1966)
Flouroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin), Diazepam (1963)
Furosemide (1964)
Propranolol (1965)
COCP (1967)
Ibuprofen (1969)
Salbutamol inhaler (1969)
Warfarin (1960)
First scientific meeting of the Association of University Teachers
of General Practice (1972)
Medical Research Council founds the General Practice Research
Network (1973)
RCGP Scientific Foundation Board founded (1976)
First GP to use a PC in consultation (1970)
Julian Tudor Hart - Inverse Care Law (1971)
The world's first paperless general practice (1975)
Vocational Training Act (1976)
Byrne and Long Model (1976)
Declaration of Alma Ata (1978)
Mupirocin (1971)
Cimetidine (1972)
Archie Cochrane's book Effectiveness and Efficiency (1972)
Nurses’ Health Study (1978)
Mental Health Act (1983)
Pendleton Model (1984)
Roger Neighbour’s ‘The Inner Consultation’ (1987)
Breast screening programme (1988)
Beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler (1982)
Fluoxetine (1986)
MMR (1988)
Simvastatin (1989)
Omeprazole (1989)
AUTGP becomes the Association of University Departments of
General Practice (1992)
Academy of UK Medical Royal Colleges officially recognises
systematic reviews as academically important research (1998)
Introduction of GP Fundholding (1991)
Good Medical Practice (1995)
Primary Care Act (1997)
NHS Direct (1998)
NICE Guidelines (1998)
Cambridge-Calgary Model (1998)
Quality in GP Consultations paper (1999)
Introduction of primary care groups (PCGs) (1999)
Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine (1990s)
Womens’ Health Initiative (1992)
Wakefield MMR Scandal (1998)
AUDGP becomes the Society for Academic Primary Care (2001)
NIHR Clinical Research Network introduced (2005)
School of Primary Care Research founded (2006)
The NHS Plan (2000)
Shipman Enquiry (2002)
The New GP Contract (2003)
QOF introduced (2004)
NICE recommend ACEi and ARB for hypertension (2004)
Ipratropium bromide inhaler (2004)
Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (2006)
QRISK 1 (2007)
Liraglutide (2009)
Introduction of Clinical Commissioning Griups (2013)
Introduction of ARRS scheme (2019)
DOACs (2010)
Dapagliflozin (2014)
NIHR Research Delivery Networks introduced (2024)
COVID-2019 (2020 onwards)
Introduction of Integrated Care Boards (2022)
Patient access to notes (2023)
Ozempic and Wegovy (2021)
Introduction. The 75th anniversary of the NHS is an opportunity to reflect on the history of General Practice. Medical schools and Postgraduate speciality training
scheme curriculums are struggling to cover the increasing bio-clinial knowledge. Humanities subjects are being squeezed, despite providing valuable context,
inspiration and alternative ways of thinking and developing as a clinician. The authors produced a timeline of significant developments in primary care evidence-
based medicine (EBM), that they propose could be used in future as a core-curriculum for medical students and trainees.
Methods. The authors conducted a search to identify major
changes in practice and technology deemed significant for
patient care or delivery of primary care in the UK. Consensus was
reached for inclusion.
Results. The timeline displays the narrative towards
modern-day primary care and demonstrate the complex broad
base that surrounds daily practice.
1.McConville K. The history of GP training. InnovAiT. 2023 Mar 1;16(3):115–9.
2.Hellenberg DA. A short history of academic general practice in UK medical schools. Afr J Prim Health Care Amp Fam Med [Internet]. 2013 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Mar 8];5(1). Available from: https://tinyurl.com/35ftb56x
3.Mughal F, Atherton H, Reeve J, Mallen CD. Academic primary care: challenges and opportunities. Br J Gen Pract. 2022 Feb 25;72(716):104–5.
4.Howie JG. Academic general practice: reflections on a 60-year journey. Br J Gen Pract. 2010 Aug 1;60(577):620–3.
5.Kmietowicz Z. A century of general practice. BMJ. 2006 Jan 7;332(7532):39–40.
6.Loudon SL. The origin of the general practitioner. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1983;
7.Horder JP, Swift G. The history of vocational training for general practice. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1979 Jan;29(198):24–32.
8.Nuffield Trust [Internet]. [cited 2024 Mar 8]. The history of the NHS. Available from: https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/health-and-social-care-explained/the-history-of-the-nhs
9.Porter R. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present. Fontana Press; 1999. 833 p.
10.SAPC-admin. SAPC. 2015 [cited 2024 Mar 8]. A short history of SAPC. Available from: https://sapc.ac.uk/article/short-history-of-sapc
11.Bynum W. The History of Medicine: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford; 2008. 185 p.
12. Gray DP. History of the Royal College of General Practitioners--the first 40 years. Br J Gen Pract. 1992 Jan;42(354):29–35.
13. Simon C. From Generalism to Specialty—A Short History of General Practice. InnovAiT. 2009 Jan 1;2(1):2–9.
14. Balint M. The doctor, his patient, and the illness. Lancet. 1955 Apr 2;268(6866):683–8.
15. Collings J. GENERAL PRACTICE IN ENGLAND TODAY -A RECONNAISSANCE. The Lancet. 1950 Mar 25;255(6604):555.
16. Keys A, Anderson JT, Fidanza F, Keys MH, Swahn B. Effects of diet on blood lipids in man, particularly cholesterol and lipoproteins. Clin Chem. 1955 Feb;1(1):34–52.
17. Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Kagan A, Revotskie N, Stokes J. Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease--six year follow-up experience. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1961 Jul;55:33–50.
18. The World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects [Internet]. 1964 [cited 2024 Mar 11]. Available from: https://www.wma.net
19. Hart JT. THE INVERSE CARE LAW. The Lancet. 1971 Feb 27;297(7696):405–12.
20. Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, et al. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):637–41.
21. Sabatowski R, Schafer D, Kasper S, Brunsch H, Radbruch L. Pain Treatment: A Historical Overview. CPD. 2004 Mar 1;10(7):701–16.
22. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, Robson J, May M, Brindle P. Derivation and validation of QRISK, a new cardiovascular disease risk score for the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study. BMJ. 2007 Jul 21;335(7611):136.
23. Stein SW, Thiel CG. The History of Therapeutic Aerosols: A Chronological Review. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2017 Feb 1;30(1):20–41.
24. A short history of general practice: Consumerist medicine – BJGP Life [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Mar 11]. Available from: https://bjgplife.com
The Art and the Science of UK General Practice:
A historical review and timeline
Dr Jake Matthews, Dr Helen Leach
Full References
@JakeMat91](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20240311theartandthescienceofukgeneralpracticeahistoricalreviewandtimelinepostersapcswebm-240312075401-29246b1f/85/The-Art-and-the-Science-of-UK-General-Practice-A-historical-review-and-timeline-Poster-SAPC-SW-EBM-pdf-1-320.jpg)
