The document discusses 5 of the most influential data visualizations of all time: 1) John Snow's 1854 London cholera map which linked outbreaks to a contaminated water pump. 2) Hans Rosling's 2007 visualization showing the relationship between income and life expectancy. 3) Charles Minard's 1812 chart depicting Napoleon's disastrous march on Moscow and loss of troops. 4) Florence Nightingale's 1855 coxcomb chart demonstrating preventable deaths among British soldiers during the Crimean War. 5) Joseph Priestley's 18th century interconnected charts mapping the biographies of historical figures and the rise and fall of civilizations.