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UNDERGRADUATES | MASTERS | EXECUTIVE EDUCATION | MBAs
Internationalization of Higher
Education Institutions: Drivers and
Tools
MSc in Management
Magda Ferro
9th of July 2018
10-07-2018
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
2
Agenda
1. Motivation and Objectives
2. Methodology
3. A theoretical framework for Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions
4. Internationalization Tools/Activities
5. Connection between Rationales and Tools
6. Internationalization Models – Australia and China
7. Conclusions
10-07-2018 3
1. Motivation and Objectives
No efforts to optimize resources or to maximize results
Internationalization as a valid argument for all decisions or reforms
Ad hoc Decisions
Lack of consensus regarding the concept
Different perspectives
Importance of Internationalization for HEI’s
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
10-07-
2018
4
Why do Higher Education Institutions
internationalize?
What are the most common tools/activities
used by Higher education institutions to
internationalize?
Are tools and activities universally applicable
or should they be tailored to the motivations
and objectives of internationalization
Is there only one tool for each objective, or
can there be several tools that combined are
the most suitable solution?
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
1. Motivation and Objectives
10-07-2018 5
2. Methodology
Literature
Review
• Hardcopy and
electronic library
sources
Case Studies of
Internationalization
of HEI’s
• Hardcopy and
electronic library
sources
Inductive
method
Model
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
3. Theoretical Framework
10-07-2018 6
Approaches
Programme-based
vs organisation -
based
Activity/
Competency/Ethos
/Process
Rationales
Academic
Economic
Socio-Cultural
Political
Analysis
Determinants
Macro
Meso
Micro
Definition
Management
principle
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
7
Source: Knight, 1997
Rationale Description
economic Refers to objectives related to either the long-term economic effects, where
internationalization of higher education is seen as a contribution to the skilled human resources
needed for international competitiveness of the nation, and where foreign graduates are seen as
keys to the country’s trade relations, or the direct economic benefits, e.g. institutional income and
net economic effect of foreign students, etc
academic Includes objectives related to the aims and functions of higher education. One of the leading
reasons cited for internationalizing the higher education sector is the achievement of international
academic standards for teaching and research. It is often assumed that by enhancing the
international dimension of teaching, research and service, there is value added to the quality of a
higher education system. This premise is clearly based on the assumption that internationalization
is considered to be central to the mission of the institution and is not a marginalized endeavour.
Linked to the notion of enhancing the quality of education is the idea that internationalization is
often a positive change agent for institutional building.
cultural/social Concentrates on the role and place of the country’s own culture and language and on the
importance of understanding foreign languages and culture”
political Relates to issues concerning the country’s position and role as a nation in the world, e.g.
security, stability and peace, ideological influence, etc.
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
8
Source: Multilevel determinants of internationalization rationales (Seeber, et al, 2016)
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
3.Theoretical Framework
10-07-2018 9
Definition
A management principle based on the need to
integrate an international, intercultural or
global dimension into the purpose, functions
or delivery of post-secondary education.
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
10
4.Tools/Activities for internationalization
Students and staff mobility
International students
• Joint; Double/Multiple and Consecutive Degrees
International Programs:
Internationalization of the Curriculum
• Branch Model, Federal Model, Global Model
Branch Campuses
Delivery of Distance Education Courses
Scholarships/Funding
Research Consortia
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
10-07-2018
11
Teaching
• International Programs
• International Students
• Student and staff mobility
• Offshore campus (branch, federal and global model)
• Delivery of distance education courses
• Scholarships
Research
• Collaborative Research/Consortia
• Offshore campus (global model)
Services
• Consortia (knowledge transfer)
4.Tools/Activities for internationalization
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
10-07-
2018
Academic
Economic
International curriculum
International students
Offshore campuses
Research Consortia
Students and staff mobility
International Programs
Funding - Scholarships -
Delivery of distance education
courses Increased/diversified
revenue generation
Human resources
development
(national level)
Increase in number
of citations/impact
factors
Competitive
Hedge/Reputation
Improve position in
rankings
Quality assurance
Socio-Cultural
 Cross Cultural
Understanding
Political
 Soft Power
 Influence
5. Connection between Rationales and Tools
12
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
6. Internationalization Models – Australia
10-07-2018 13
1950’s
1990’sFunding - Scholarships -Political
 Soft Power
 Influence
Economic
International curriculum
International students
Offshore campuses
International Programs
Increased/diversified
revenue generation
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
10-07-2018 14
Academic Research Consortia
Increase in number
of citations/impact
factors
Competitive
Hedge/Reputation
Improve position in
rankings
Quality assurance
6. Internationalization Models – China
Funding - Scholarships -
Political
 Soft Power
 Influence
1980’s
2000’s
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
10-07-2018 15
• No standard solutions - tools and activities are not universally
applicable and there is not only one tool for each objective.
• When a certain rational stands out, it doesn’t mean that all the others
are totally left out from the decision-making process.
• Rationales evolve overtime
• The same rational may be accomplished either by one tool or by a
combination of tools - The choice of existing tools must take into
account the existing resources in order to maximize its outputs
7. Conclusions
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools
10-07-2018 16
• The proposed model needs to be validated via surveys studies with
HEIs administrators.
• Future research should focus on developing a model linking rationales
and tools for operation - based activities (governance, operations,
support services and human resource development).
7- Limitations and further research
Internationalization of Higher Education
Institutions: Drivers and Tools

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Tfm 9 07_2018_mferro

  • 1. The only accredited Business School in the North of Portugal UNDERGRADUATES | MASTERS | EXECUTIVE EDUCATION | MBAs Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools MSc in Management Magda Ferro 9th of July 2018
  • 2. 10-07-2018 Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools 2 Agenda 1. Motivation and Objectives 2. Methodology 3. A theoretical framework for Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions 4. Internationalization Tools/Activities 5. Connection between Rationales and Tools 6. Internationalization Models – Australia and China 7. Conclusions
  • 3. 10-07-2018 3 1. Motivation and Objectives No efforts to optimize resources or to maximize results Internationalization as a valid argument for all decisions or reforms Ad hoc Decisions Lack of consensus regarding the concept Different perspectives Importance of Internationalization for HEI’s Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools
  • 4. 10-07- 2018 4 Why do Higher Education Institutions internationalize? What are the most common tools/activities used by Higher education institutions to internationalize? Are tools and activities universally applicable or should they be tailored to the motivations and objectives of internationalization Is there only one tool for each objective, or can there be several tools that combined are the most suitable solution? Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools 1. Motivation and Objectives
  • 5. 10-07-2018 5 2. Methodology Literature Review • Hardcopy and electronic library sources Case Studies of Internationalization of HEI’s • Hardcopy and electronic library sources Inductive method Model Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools
  • 6. 3. Theoretical Framework 10-07-2018 6 Approaches Programme-based vs organisation - based Activity/ Competency/Ethos /Process Rationales Academic Economic Socio-Cultural Political Analysis Determinants Macro Meso Micro Definition Management principle Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools
  • 7. 7 Source: Knight, 1997 Rationale Description economic Refers to objectives related to either the long-term economic effects, where internationalization of higher education is seen as a contribution to the skilled human resources needed for international competitiveness of the nation, and where foreign graduates are seen as keys to the country’s trade relations, or the direct economic benefits, e.g. institutional income and net economic effect of foreign students, etc academic Includes objectives related to the aims and functions of higher education. One of the leading reasons cited for internationalizing the higher education sector is the achievement of international academic standards for teaching and research. It is often assumed that by enhancing the international dimension of teaching, research and service, there is value added to the quality of a higher education system. This premise is clearly based on the assumption that internationalization is considered to be central to the mission of the institution and is not a marginalized endeavour. Linked to the notion of enhancing the quality of education is the idea that internationalization is often a positive change agent for institutional building. cultural/social Concentrates on the role and place of the country’s own culture and language and on the importance of understanding foreign languages and culture” political Relates to issues concerning the country’s position and role as a nation in the world, e.g. security, stability and peace, ideological influence, etc. Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools
  • 8. 8 Source: Multilevel determinants of internationalization rationales (Seeber, et al, 2016) Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools
  • 9. 3.Theoretical Framework 10-07-2018 9 Definition A management principle based on the need to integrate an international, intercultural or global dimension into the purpose, functions or delivery of post-secondary education. Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools
  • 10. 10 4.Tools/Activities for internationalization Students and staff mobility International students • Joint; Double/Multiple and Consecutive Degrees International Programs: Internationalization of the Curriculum • Branch Model, Federal Model, Global Model Branch Campuses Delivery of Distance Education Courses Scholarships/Funding Research Consortia Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools 10-07-2018
  • 11. 11 Teaching • International Programs • International Students • Student and staff mobility • Offshore campus (branch, federal and global model) • Delivery of distance education courses • Scholarships Research • Collaborative Research/Consortia • Offshore campus (global model) Services • Consortia (knowledge transfer) 4.Tools/Activities for internationalization Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools
  • 12. 10-07- 2018 Academic Economic International curriculum International students Offshore campuses Research Consortia Students and staff mobility International Programs Funding - Scholarships - Delivery of distance education courses Increased/diversified revenue generation Human resources development (national level) Increase in number of citations/impact factors Competitive Hedge/Reputation Improve position in rankings Quality assurance Socio-Cultural  Cross Cultural Understanding Political  Soft Power  Influence 5. Connection between Rationales and Tools 12 Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools
  • 13. 6. Internationalization Models – Australia 10-07-2018 13 1950’s 1990’sFunding - Scholarships -Political  Soft Power  Influence Economic International curriculum International students Offshore campuses International Programs Increased/diversified revenue generation Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools
  • 14. 10-07-2018 14 Academic Research Consortia Increase in number of citations/impact factors Competitive Hedge/Reputation Improve position in rankings Quality assurance 6. Internationalization Models – China Funding - Scholarships - Political  Soft Power  Influence 1980’s 2000’s Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools
  • 15. 10-07-2018 15 • No standard solutions - tools and activities are not universally applicable and there is not only one tool for each objective. • When a certain rational stands out, it doesn’t mean that all the others are totally left out from the decision-making process. • Rationales evolve overtime • The same rational may be accomplished either by one tool or by a combination of tools - The choice of existing tools must take into account the existing resources in order to maximize its outputs 7. Conclusions Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools
  • 16. 10-07-2018 16 • The proposed model needs to be validated via surveys studies with HEIs administrators. • Future research should focus on developing a model linking rationales and tools for operation - based activities (governance, operations, support services and human resource development). 7- Limitations and further research Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions: Drivers and Tools