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- 1. LearnMusicTheory.net High-Yield MusicTheory, Vol. 1: Music Theory Fundamentals 60 Section 5.1 T E X T U R E I N M U S I C Harmonic analysis is the analysis of chords in musical context. Understanding texture makes harmonic analysis much easier. Texture is the way harmonies, melodies, rhythms, and timbres (=sound qualities such as different instrument sounds) relate to create the overall effect of a piece of music. The four common texture types are monophonic, polyphonic, homophonic, and heterophonic. Monophonic texture includes only a single melody line. If more than one musician plays the same melody together, this is called playing in unison. Polyphonic texture consists of two or more independent melody lines: Homophonic texture consist of a primary melody line with accompaniment. Various accompaniment types are possible, including homorhythmic, blocked-chord, and arpeggiated accompaniments (Alberti bass or broken chord). Homorhythmic accompaniments (also called chorale texture) have the same rhythm as the melody line. Slight variations in rhythm are possible. 6 8 & œ œ œ œ œ J œ œ œ œ œ J œ œ œ œ œ J œ œ œ œ™ 6 8 6 8 & ? œ œ œ œ œ J œ œ œ œ œ J œ œ œ œ œ J œ œ œ œ™ œ™ œ™ œ œ j œ™ œ œ œ œ™ œ œ j œ™ 4 4 4 4 & ? œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Harmonic analysis Texture Texture types Monophonic texture, Unison Polyphonic texture Homophonic texture Homophonic: Homorhythmic accompaniment
- 2. Chapter 5: Introductionto Harmonic Analysis 61 Blocked chord accompaniments state the notes of each chord simultaneously using a repeated rhythmic pattern. One variation of blocked chord homophonic texture is the oompah accompaniment. An arpeggio states the notes of a chord one after another; arpeggiated accompaniments state the notes of the harmony one at a time. One common type of arpeggiated accompaniment, Alberti bass, uses a low- high-mid-high pattern (common in music of the late 1700s): A second type of arpeggiated accompaniment, broken chord style, uses a low-to-high and/or high-to-low order for the notes: Heterophonic textures consist of multiple performers playing or singing a single melody all at once, each adding their own subtle variations. This texture is common in some musics of India and Africa as well as some types of jazz. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 & "Oompah" variation: & ? "Oom" ? "pah" ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ Œ̇ œ œ 4 4 4 4 & ? lowhighmidhighlowhighmidhighlowhighmidhighlowhighmidhigh œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ 4 4 4 4 & ? œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Homophonic: Blocked chord accompaniment Homophonic: Albert bass accompaniment Homophonic: Broken chord accompaniment Heterophonic texture