Tetanus immunity Causes Route if transmission Immunity .................................... Aßss

1. Tetanus

2. Aetiology
• Cl. Tetani
• Gram positive
• Anaerobic
• Rod
• Terminal spore
• Common in soil,manure,intestines

3. Mode of entry
• Penetrating wounds
• Contaminated wounds
• Tetanus neonatarum
• Puerperal tetanus
• Latent tetanus

4. pathogenesis
• Tetanospasmin- neurotoxin
• Tetanolysin- hemolytic
• Incubation period – 3 days to 3 wks
• Necrosis, devitalised
tissue,thrombosis,anaerobic environment
accelerate bacterial growth

5. • Toxin reaches CNS
• Gets fixed to motor end plate, ant horn cells
• Inhibits cholinesterase
• Excess action of Ach.
• Tetanic muscle spasm

6. C/F
• Trismus
• Dysphagia
• Risus sardonicus
• Opisthotonus
• Rigidity
• Fever,tachycardia,dyspnoea,cyanosis
• Apprehensive,

7. Prophylaxis
• Active immunisation
• DPT
• DT
• TT
• Passive immunisation
• ATS
• ATG

8. Other measures
• Debridement
• antibiotics

9. Treatment
• ATG,TT
• Antibiotics
• Debridement
• Wound care- release stitches,irrigate,dressing
• Isolation dark well ventilated room
• Sedation
• Iv fluids,RT,catheter
• Tracheostomy
• Ventilation
• Supportive measures

10. Prognosis
• Mild,moderate,severe cases
• COD- resp. arrest
• Aspiration
• Exhaustion
• Hyperpyrexia
• Compression fracture