Trunk Based Development Demystified discusses the problems with feature branching and long-lived branches, such as merge conflicts and integration issues. It presents several solutions for trunk-based development, including hiding new functionality behind abstraction, taking a "big bang" or iterative approach, and ensuring changes are always releasable through continuous integration. The document emphasizes keeping the codebase in a releasable state at all times to avoid problems that arise from feature branches. It cautions that the larger the perceived need to branch, the more one should avoid branching through proper abstraction and modularization.