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„Ѩã¨∞Î`«O WO^Œ∞ `åO„uHõ q^è•#=ÚÖ’x „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ѨOKåOQÆ=ÚÅ∞
`≥Å∞Ѩ|_ç#q.
„Ѩ`«ºOy~°[##O
ѨÓ~°fi HõÅÊ=ÚÖ’ ^Õ=^•#=ÙʼnõΩ Ü«Ú^ŒúO [iy#ѨÙ_»∞ ^•#=ÙÅ∞
F_çáÈÜ«∂~°∞. JѨÙ_»∞ N =∞Ǩq+¨μ‚=Ù t=Ù_çzÛ# ã¨∞^Œ~°≈# K«„Hõ=Ú#∞
^•#=ÙÅÃÑ· „ѨÜ≥∂yOK≥#∞. Jk‰õÄ_® "åix Ug∞ KÕÜ«∞ÖËHõáÈ~Ú#k
JѨÙ_»∞ Ѩ~°=∞t=Ù_»∞ ã¨~°fiâ◊`«$<åâ◊<å~°úO Ѩ~åâ◊H˜Îx 㨇iOK«QÍ, â◊H˜Î
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å^ÕqQÍ Pq~°ƒùqOz ^•#=ÙÅO^Œih #tOѨKÕÃã#∞. J#O`«~°O
t=Ù_»∞–P â◊H˜Î`À „ѨuѨHõΔ<åtx–„Ѩu=∞O„`« ÉèíHõΔ}˜ JQÆ∞@=Å#, h=Ù
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å â◊H˜ÎQÆ LO_≥^Œ=x <å=∞Hõ~°}=Ú KÕã≤ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞O„`«=Ú
Ѩ~°=∞ áê=#"≥∞ÿ#^Œx áêѨ<åâ◊#=∞x P^ÕtOK≥#∞. D „Ѩ`«ºOy~°ÜÕ∞
J^èŒ~°fi}HÍoÜ«∞x x‰õΩOaèÅJx, Ñ≤Å∞=|_»∞K«∞#flk.
™ê^茉õΩÅ∞ g˜x 㨄Hõ=∞=ÚQÍ PK«iOz W+¨ªã≤kú á⁄O^ŒQÆÅ~°x
ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl#∞.
–"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
II FO #=∞ó t"åÜ«∞ II
J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞Ǩ=∞O„`«ã¨º =∞ǨÉèˇ·~°= |∞∞+≤ó II J#∞+¨μªÑπ
Kè«O^Œó N=∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åII SO c[O „Ç‘ÏOâ◊H˜Îó ™êfiǨ H©ÅHõOII
Éè’QÍѨ =~°æ ã≤^Œúºˆ~ú qxÜ≥∂QÆó : ^蕺#â’¡HõO –
8
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
JâßO|~å =ÚHõÎHõKå Ѷ¨∞#K«Ûùq
ˆ~̺ܫ∂ ã¨K«~å‡ã≤ Hõ~åÇ≤Ï Éèí∂+¨}Ï
^ŒO¢ëÈì„QÆ =¢HÍÎ „QÆã≤`åÇ≤Ï`å `«fiÜ«∂
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å â◊OHõ~°`Õ[¿ãi`å II
=¸Å=∞O„`« :–
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ =∞=∞~°HõΔ ~°HõΔ=∞=∞ â◊„`«∂<£ ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ
FO ™êfiǨ II 25 JHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞.
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å„áê}„Ѩu+¨ª
FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO
ÇπÏ™œO ǨÏOã¨ó N „Ѩ`«ºOy~åÜ«∂ó „áê}Ï WǨτáê}Ïó FO PO„Ç‘ÏO
„HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO HõΔO ÇπÏ ™œO N „Ѩ`«ºOy~åÜ«∂ó
r= WǨÏã≤÷`«ó II FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO
à◊O HõΔO ÇπÏ ã¨ó 㨈~fiO„kÜ«∂}˜ WǨÏã≤÷`åx FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O
ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO ÇπÏ ™œO ǨÏO ã¨ó– "åOQƇ#ã¨ÎfiH±
K«‰õΔΩó „â’„`«„Ѷ¨∂} „áê}Ï WǨQÆ`«º ã¨∞YO z~°O u+¨ªO`«∞ ™êfiǨ II
Jx „áê}„Ѩu+¨ªKÕã≤ |∞∞ëêºk <åºã¨=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞Ǩ=∞O„`«ã¨º =∞ǨÉèˇ·~°=|∞∞+≤óII J#∞+¨μìÑπ Kè«O^ŒóII
N =∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åII SO c[O–„Ç‘ÏO â◊H˜Îó– ™êfiǨ H©ÅHõOII
Éè’QÍѨ=~°æ ã≤^Œúºˆ~ú [<Õ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II
Éèˇ·~°= |∞∞+¨ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó– t~°ã≤
J#∞+¨μªÑπ Kè«O^Œ¿ã #=∞ó– =ÚMË
N =∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó– ǨÏ$k
„Ç‘ÏO c*ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó QÆ∞¿ÇϺ
9
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
NO â◊HõÎÜÕ∞ #=∞ó– áê^ŒÜ≥∂ó
™êfiǨ H©ÅHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó– <åÉè∫
=∞=∞ N ^èŒ~å‡~°ú HÍ=∞"≥∂HΔ͈~ú [¿ÑqxÜ≥∂QÆó
SO #=∞ó–<åÉèϺk áê^•O`«O
„Ç‘Ï #=∞ó–HõO~îåk <åÉèϺO`«O
NO #=∞ó–=¸~åúk HõO~îåO`«O
SO #=∞ó–"å=∞áê}˜`«ÖË, „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó ^ŒH˜Δ} áê}˜`«ÖË. NO #=∞ó
LÉèíÜ≥∂ó, FO SO JOQÆ∞ëêªÉèϺO FO „Ç‘ÏO `«~°˚hÉèϺO #=∞ó, FO NO
=∞^䌺=∂ÉèϺO #=∞ó, „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ J<åq∞HÍÉèϺO #=∞ó, =∞=∞ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ
Hõx+≤ìHÍÉèϺO #=∞ó, =∞=∞â◊„`«∂<£ ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ FO ™êfiǨ Hõ~°`«Å Hõ~°Ñ¨$ëêìÉèϺO
#=∞ó
FO SO ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂Ü«∞ #=∞óII „Ç‘ÏO t~°¿ã ™êfiǨ FO tMÏÜ≥ÿ∞
=+¨òII „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ Hõ=KåÜ«∞ ǨïOII =∞=∞ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ <Õ„`«„`«Ü«∂Ü«∞ "Ò+¨òI
=∞=∞â◊„`«∂<£II ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ FO ™êfiǨ J¢™êÎÜ«∞ Ѷ¨ò II
=∂`«$HÍ<åºã¨O
FO J㨺N JO`«~å‡`«$HÍ<åºã¨ã¨º „|Ǩ‡|∞∞+≤ó QÍÜ«∞„f Kè«O^Œó–
N=∂`«$HÍ ã¨~°ã¨fif ^Õ=`å ǨÏÖ’ c*Ïx–ã¨fi~åó J=ºHõÎO H©ÅHõO– =∞=∞
N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`Õfi# <庿ã qxÜ≥∂QÆó– Jx JO[e Ѷ¨∞˜Oz 㨇~°}`À
<åºã¨=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
„|Ǩ‡ |∞∞+¨ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó–t~°ã≤, QÍÜ«∞„f Kè«O^Œ¿ã #=∞ó =ÚMË– N
JO`«~å‡`«$HÍ ^Õ=`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜÕ∞–ǨÏÖ’ c*ËÉè’º #=∞ó
QÆ∞¿ÇϺ–ã¨fi~åó â◊H˜ÎÉè’º #=∞ó áê^ŒÜ≥∂ó– J=ºHõÎO H©ÅHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó
<åÉè∫–=∞=∞ N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`Õfi# <庿ã qxÜ≥∂QÆó Wu ã¨~åfiOˆQII
10
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO HõO YO QÆO Ѷ¨∞O VO PO JOQÆ∞ëêªÉèϺO
#=∞ó–
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO WO K«O Kè«O [O ~°≠O WO DO t~°¿ã™êfiǨ–
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO LO @O ~î°O _»O _è»O}O TO tMÏÜ≥ÿ∞ =+¨ò–
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO UO `«O ^äŒO ^ŒO ^èŒO #O SO Hõ=KåÜ«∞ ǨïO
FO SO„Ç‘ÏO NO FO ѨO Ѷ¨O |O ÉèíO =∞O BO <Õ„`«„`«Ü«∂Ü«∞
"Ò+¨ò
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO
Jó J¢™êÎÜ«∞ Ѷ¨ò–
JO #=∞ó–#∞Oz Jó#=∞ó =~°‰õΩ–HõOˆ~î ëÈ_»â◊^Œàı, HõO#=∞ó
–YO#=∞ó
QÆO #=∞ó Ѷ¨∞O #=∞ó–VO#=∞ó K«O #=∞ó–Kè«O#=∞ó–[O#=∞ó
–~°≠O #=∞ó
&O #=∞ó @O#=∞ó ~î°O#=∞ó W`«º<åǨÏ`Õ ^•fi^Œâ◊^Œàı–_»O #=∞ó
–}O ##∞ó–`«O #=∞ó–^èŒO #=∞ó ^ŒO #=∞ó–^èŒO #=∞ó– #O#=∞ó
– Ѷ¨O#=∞ó Ѷ¨O#=∞ó
Wu <åÉè∫ ^Œâ◊^Œàı–|O#=∞ó ÉèíO#=∞ó =∞O#=∞ó Ü«∞O #=∞ó
~°O#=∞ó ÅO #=∞ó–Wu eOQÆ=¸ÖË +¨ò^ŒÖË–=O #=∞ó
â◊O#=∞ó +¨O #=∞ó ã¨O#=∞ó Wu =¸ÖÏ^蕈~ K«`«∞~°ÌÖ˖ǨÏO #=∞ó
HõΔO #=∞ó Wu „Éèí∂=∞^èÕº kfi^Œàı.
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO #=∞ó–t~°ã≤ PO#=∞ó=ÚY=$`ÕΖ WO#=∞ó
^ŒHõΔ<Õ„`Õ–DO #=∞ó
"å=∞<Õ„`Õ–LO#=∞ó
11
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
"å=∞Hõˆ~‚– |∞∞O#=∞ó
^ŒHõΔ<å¿ã |∞∂O#=∞ó"å=∞"å¿ã ÅO #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔQÆO_Õ ÖÏO#=∞ó
"å=∞QÆO_Õ UO#=∞ó
T~ÀÌ¿+ª– SO#=∞ó
J^èŒ~À¿+ì–FO #=∞ó
T~°úfi^ŒO`«Ñ¨OH“ΖJOó#=∞ó
=¸i÷fl Jó #=∞ó
Jã≤≈fl HõO #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔÉÏǨï=¸ÖË YO#=∞ó
‰õÄ~°Êˆ~ QÆO#=∞ó
=∞}˜|O^äՖѶ¨∞O #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e =ÚÖË&O #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔǨϙêÎO QÆ∞ź„ˆQ– K«O#=∞ó
"å=∞ÉÏǨï=¸ÖË–&O#=∞ó
"å=∞ǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e=¸ÖË &O #=∞ó
"å=∞ÉÏǨï=¸ÖË – &O#=∞ó
"å=∞ǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e=¸ÖË &O #=∞ó
"å=∞ǨϙêÎO QÆ∞ź„ˆQ @O #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔáê^Œ=¸ÖË–~î°O#=∞ó
12
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
*Ï#∞x– _»O #=∞ó
QÆ∞ÖËÊù–_è»O #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔáê^•OQÆ∞e =¸ÖË–}O #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔáê^•O QÆ∞ź„ˆQ–`«O#=∞ó
QÆ∞ź„ˆQ–`«O #=∞ó
"å=∞áê^Œ=¸ÖË– ^èŒO#=∞ó
*Ï#∞x¢^ŒO#=∞ó QÆ∞ÖËÊù–^èŒO #=∞ó
"å=∞áê^•OQÆ∞e =¸ÖË#O–#=∞ó
L^Œˆ~ Ü«∞O `«fiQÍ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
"å=∂O¿ã ~°OJã¨$QÍ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
^ŒHΔÍO¿ã–JO=∂O™ê`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k ^ŒHõΔHõ~åO`«O â◊O J™êκ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞Hõ~åO`«O +¨O =∞*Ï˚`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞Hõ~åO`«O ã¨O â◊√HÍ¡`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞áê^•O`«O–ǨÏO „áê}Ï`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞áê^•O`«O– à◊O r"å`«‡<Õ#=∞ó
áê^•k ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂O`«O– HõΔѨ~°=∂`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k =¸~å÷O`«O.
ѨOKå^Œâ◊^Œfi~°‚~°∂áêOK« HõѨ~°Ìâ◊â◊Éèí∂+¨}ÏO
â◊√^Œúã¨Êù˜Hõ ã¨OHÍâßO â◊√^ŒúHΔ“=∞ q~ål`åO II
=ÚHÍÎ~°`«fl ã¨∞Êù~°^Œ∂ƒùëêO [Ѩ=∂ÖÏO Hõ=∞O_»ÅO
ѨÙã¨ÎHõO =~°^•#OK« a„ÉèífO Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fis"£∞ II
13
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
q^•º<åºã¨O
SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ=∞}˜|O^èÕ–
„Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó `«ÖË–NO #=∞ó
Hõˆ~–SO ã¨=∞ó
"å=∞=∞}˜|O^èÕ–„Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó
`«ÖË–NO #=∞óHõˆ~–SO#=∞ó
^ŒHõΔHõˆHΔ– „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔ‰õÄ~°Êˆ~– NO #=∞ó
áê}∫ – SO #=∞ó
"å=∞HõˆHΔ–„Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó
"å=∞‰õÄ~°Êˆ~ NO#=∞ó
"å=∞áê}∫–SO #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔáê^ŒHõˆHΔ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó
*Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó
áê^•„ˆQ–SO #=∞ó
"å=∞áêK« HõˆHΔ º– „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó
*Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó áê^•„ˆQ–SO#=∞ó
eOˆQ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó
ǨÏ$k NO#=∞ó <å^•O`Õ II
14
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
#=Ü≥∂x<åºã¨O
SO#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔHõˆ~‚
„Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó "å=∞‰õˆ~‚
NO#=∞ó z|∞ˆH
SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔâ◊OMË
„Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó "å=∞â◊OMË
NO#=∞ó =ÚMË SO#=∞ó
^ŒHõΔ<Õ„`Õ „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó
"å=∞<Õ„`Õ NO#=∞ó
‰õΩHΔ“–SO
#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ*Ï#∞x
„Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó "å=∞*Ï#∞x
NO#=∞ó "å=∞*Ï#∞x
NO==∞ <åÉè∫
SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^Õ
„Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó <å=∞áê^Õ
NO #=∞ó "å=∞ *Ï#∞x
NO#=∞ó HõOˆ~î II
Ñ‘~î°<åºã¨O
=¸Å^蕈~ P^è•~°â◊HõÎÜÕ∞ #=∞ó „ѨHõ$`≥º #=∞ó Hõ=∞~îåÜ«∞ #=∞ó–
âıëêÜ«∞ #=∞ó Ѩ$kè"≥º #=∞ó ã¨∞^è•O |∞^茿ã #=∞ó– =∞}˜nfiáêÜ«∞ #=∞ó
zO`å=∞}˜ QÆ$ǨÜ«∞ #=∞ó ~°`«fl "ÕkHÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó =∞}˜Ñ‘~îåÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
k‰õΔΩ <å<å=Úx QÆ}ËÉè’º #=∞ó ã¨=∞ã¨Î ^Õ"ÕÉè’º #=∞ó Ѩ^•‡Ü«∞#=∞ó
„ѨHõ$u=∞Ü«∞ „Ѩ`«ºÜÕ∞Éè’º #=∞ó– qHõ$u=∞Ü«∞ ˆH㨈~Éè’º #=∞ó ѨOKåâ◊`ü
15
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
c[Éèí∂+≤`« Hõi‚HÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó ǨϙœO ã¨^•t= =∞Ǩ„¿Ñ`åã¨<åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
„|Ǩχq+¨μ‚ ~°∞„^Õâ◊fi~° ã¨^•t= =∞Ǩ„¿Ñ`« =∞Ǩ Ѩ^•‡ã¨<åÜ«∞ #=∞ó Ѩ~°=∞
t=Ѩ~°ºOHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞=∞O^Œ∞ `å<Õ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^ÕqQÍ ^蕺xOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
T~°úfi HõáêÅO _»=∞~°∞O „uâ◊¥ÅO
ã¨Oa„Éèíf |^Œú HõàÏ=`«Oã¨O I
Ñ≤OQÀ~°úfi ˆHj ã≤`«cè=∞^ŒO¢ëêì
Éèí∂Ü«∂ kfiÉèí∂`≥º=∞=∞ Éèí„^ŒHÍo II
„Ѩ`«ºOy~°#∞ =∂#™ÈѨKå~°=ÚÅ`À P~åkèOz Ü«∞^è•â◊H˜Î
[ѨǨϟ=∞=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
P=~°}Ï~°Û#
`«∂~°∞Ê# WO„^Œ N áê^Œ∞HÍ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ ##∞ó
PˆQflÜ«∂O Jyfl Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ ##∞ó
^ŒH˜Δ}Ë Ü«∞=∞N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó–
<≥·|∞∞`åºOx|∞∞u Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
ѨtÛ"Õ∞– =~°∞} N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
"åÜ«Ú"Õº "åÜ«ÚN áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
L`«Îˆ~ ‰õΩÉË~°Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
Dâß<Õº–Dâß# N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
WO„^Œ–Dâß#ºÜ≥∂~°‡^èÕº „|ǨχN áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
=~°∞} ~åHõΔã¨Ü≥∂~°‡^èÕº
q+¨μ‚ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó, Wu ѨÓ*ÏÜÕ∞`ü, `«~°ÊÜÕ∞`ü II
PÜ«Ú^èŒÑ¨Ó[–`«∂~°∞Ê "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ =„[N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞
`«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
16
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17
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
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18
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19
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~°*’=f ~°[tÛ„`å ~°[h ~°[hѨuó II
~åy}© ~å[ºh ~å[º ~å[º^•~å[º=~°úh
ˆ~`À =f ~°`À `åûǨ ~ÀQÆǨÏ$„^ÀQÆǨi}© II
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30
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~°HõÎK«~°‡^èŒ~å ~°O*Ï~° HõΙêú ~°HõÎ"åkh
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~°OQÆÉèí$„^ŒOQÆ =∞^èŒ∞~å~À^Œã‘ ~À^Œã‘„QÆǨ
~À^èŒHõ$„^Œ^èŒ Ç¨ÏO„fK« ~ÀQÆÉèí$„^ÀQÆ âß~Úh II
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qOH© qOHõѨÖÏ qOHÍ qOHõ™êú qOHõ=`«ûÖÏ
=kifiÅQÍfl q„áêK« qkèifikèHõs q^è• II
â◊OYh â◊OYxÅÜ«∂ â◊OY=∂ÖÏ=fâ◊q∂
â◊Odáê„`åâ◊x â◊OMÏ â◊OMÏ â◊OYQÆÖÏâ◊j
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â◊‡âß#™ê÷ â◊‡âß<åK« â◊‡âß#ã¨ú ÅÉèí∂+¨}Ï
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âßѨǨ âßѨǨhâ◊ â◊Oáêâ◊Ѩ^äŒ ^•~Úh II
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t=™ê÷ â◊=Éèí∞HÍÎ "åt= =~å‚t"À^Œs
âß~Úh âß=â◊Ü«∞<å tOâ◊áê tâ◊√áêeh II
â◊=‰õΩO_»ehâ‹·"å â◊OHõ~å tt~åt~å
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ã≤O^èŒ∞ó ã¨~°ã¨fifã≤O^èŒ∞ó ã¨∞O^Œs ã¨∞O^Œ~å#<å II
31
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ã¨O`«uó ã¨OѨ^• ã¨OѨ`ü ã¨Oq`ü ã¨~°u^•~Úh II
ã¨Ñ¨ffl ã¨~°™ê™ê~å ã¨~°ã¨fif NHõsã¨fi^è•
ã¨~°ó ™ê÷ã¨=∂<åK« ™ê~å^蕺 ™ê=∞QÆã¨Î^è• II
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ã¨q∞uó ã¨q∞^è•ã‘=∂ ã¨q„f ã¨q^è•ã¨f II
ã¨=`å ã¨=<å^•~å ™ê=<å ã¨=∞~åã¨q∂
ã≤q∞~å ã¨`«`å™ênèfi 㨄nèzO`«º ã¨Ç¨~Úh II
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ǨÏeh ǨÏÅ^•Ç¨ÖÏ Ç¨Ï~°N ǨÏ~°=Å¡ÉèÏ II
¿ÇÏÖÏ¿ÇÏÖÏ=f ¿ÇÏëê „¿ÇÏ+¨™ê÷ „¿ÇÏ+¨=i÷h
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ǨϟsǨϟ„f ǨϟeHÍK« Ǩϟ=∂Ǩϟ"≥∂ ǨÏq~°›ió II
ǨÏi }©Ç¨Ïi}©<Õ„`å Ç≤Ï=∂K«Å x"åã≤h I
ÅOÉ’^Œs ÅO|Hõ~å‚ ÅOaHÍ ÅO|q„QÆǨ
bÖÏ Ö’ÖÏ=fÖ’ÖÏ ÅÅh Åe`åÅ`å II
ÅÖÏ=∞ Ö’K«<åÖ’K«º Ö’ÖÏH©Δ ÅHõΔ}ÏÅÖÏ
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32
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HΔÍ=∂HΔÍ "≥∂^ŒsH˜Δ=∂ HΔ“=∞Éèí$`ü HõΔ„uÜ«∂OQÆ<å
HõΔÜ«∂HõΔÜ«∂Hõs H©Δ~åH©Δ~°^•H©Δ~° ™êQÆ~å
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=∂`«∞ó ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å"Õ∞^ŒO „Ѩ`«ºOy~åºó „Ѩ^•Ü«∞HõO
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Ѷ¨Åâ◊$u–D ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ Ѩ~î°#O=Å¡ ^Œi„^Œ∞_»∞ ^èŒ#=O`«∞ _»QÆ∞#∞.
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HÍ=∞º=ÚÅ∞ ã≤kúOK«∞#∞.
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33
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â◊`«$[Ü«∞=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞#∞.
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q^•º=O`«∞_»QÆ∞#∞.
Wu <å=∞ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨O`«∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞<ÀǨÏ~°O
QÀѨºOQÆ∞ѨΠ`«=∞OÖ’ˆH QÀѨhÜ«∞O ã¨fiÜ≥∂x=`ü II
Wu N ~°∞„^ŒÜ«∂=∞àı `«O„`Õ ^Œâ◊q^•º~°Ç¨Ï¿ãº „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞
ã¨OѨÓ~°‚"£∞ II
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å™È΄`«O
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=∞=∂aè+¨ì ã≤^Œ÷ºˆ~ú [¿Ñ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II
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¢ã‘ÎÉÏÅ „ѨÉèí$f<åOK« [<å<åO Ç≤Ï`«HÍ=∞ºÜ«∂
™œÉèÏQƺ [#h^Õg |ÅѨÙ+≤ìHõs `«^è• II
K«`«∞+¨Ê ^Õ+¨μ QÀ¿+ª+¨μ `«^è• QÀ+¨ì=<Õ+¨μK«
â◊‡âß<Õ ^Œ∞~°æ"Õ∞ Ѷ¨∞Áˆ~ ã¨O„QÍ"Õ∞ â◊`«$â◊OHõ>Ë II
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34
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~å[^•fiˆ~K« ^Œ∞iƒùˆHΔ =∞ǨÉèíÜ«∞ LѨã≤úf II
Ѩiî`å ™ê‡i`å^Õq ã¨~°fiã≤kú Hõs㨇 $`å
Ü«∞™êº`«‡™êú =∞Ǩq^•º „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨∞ÉèÏ+≤`å I
ã≤^•úã¨∞ã≤^•ú ™êx`«ºO q^èÕÜ«∂ Ѩ~°=∂㨇 $`å
N=∞`åѶ¨∞’ ~°~°∂¿Ñ} ÉèÏ+≤`å ÃѶ∂~°~°∂Ñ≤}˜
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ed`åK« Hõˆ~HõOˆ~î ÉÏǨÏ∫t~°ã≤ ^è•~°ÜÕ∞`ü II
q=ÚK«º`Õ =∞ǨѶ¨∞’ˆ~ =∞$`«∞º~°∂¿Ñ ^Œ∞~åã¨^Õ
^Œ∞+¨ìã¨`«fi„QÆǨ^Õ= Ü«∞HõΔ ~°HΔÍ^ŒÜ«∞ ã¨Î^è• I
Ñ‘_®O `«ã¨º# ‰õΩ~°fiOuÜÕ∞ Kå<Õº Ñ‘_»HÍó„QÆǨó
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x`«ºOK« ^è•~°º=∂}㨺 P=∞$`«`«fiOK« HõÅÊ`Õ
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„Ѩ`«ºOy~å HõΔ~å„áÈHÍÎ iѨÙOǨÏ<åº#fl ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó
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J#∞+¨μìÉèÏk <å<åKè«O^•Oã≤–N [QÆ<å‡`å „Ñ¨`«ºOy~å^Õ=`å FO
c[O–AOâ◊H˜Îóã¨óH©ÅHõO II =∞=∞ ã¨~åfi~°ú ã≤^èŒúºˆ~÷ [¿ÑqxÜ≥∂QÆó
FO ##∞ó ã¨Ç¨Ï„㨠ã¨∂ˆ~ºHõΔ}ÏÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ=ÚMÏÜ«∞ J<åk~°∂áêÜ«∞
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=∞Ǩ„ѨÉèÏ=O ^Œ~°≈Ü«∞ FO Ç≤ÏeÇ≤Ïe FO q∞eq∞e FO ǨÏiǨÏi
FO q^Œ∞ºl˚¿ÇÏfi [fiÅ[fiÅ „Ѩ[fiÅ „Ѩ[fiÅ |O^èŒ|O^èŒ =∞^äŒ =∞^äŒ „Ѩ=∞^äŒ-
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Hõ$O`«Ü«∞ ÉèíHõΔÜ«∞ ÉèíHõΔÜ«∞ „`åã¨Ü«∞ „`åã¨Ü«∞ `å_»Ü«∞ `å_»Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞
q^•~°Ü«∞ „ÉèÏ=∞Ü«∞ „ÉèÏ=∞Ü«∞ ‰õΩÅO ‰õΩÅO Éèí∞O[ Éèí∞O[ K«∞O| K«∞O|
^ŒÇ¨Ï^ŒÇ¨Ï QÆ~°˚QÆ~°˚ ™ÈÊù@Ü«∞ ™ÈÊù@Ü«∞ K«∞~°Ü«∞ K«∞~°Ü«∞ L`åû^ŒÜ«∞ L`åû^ŒÜ«∞
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FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO QÆ∞ǨϺO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞
FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO q^•ºO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞
FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO ǨϙœÎ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞
FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO áê^Õ QÆ∞ǨϺ YQÆ^èŒfix
36
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
=∞~å‡}˜ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FOEOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO<Õ„`Õ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞
ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊„`«∂}ÏO „â’„`Õ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞
FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊„`«∂<åO QÆ$ǨO ‰õΩ@∞O|O ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞™ê÷#O
H©ÅÜ«∞H©ÅÜ«∞=ÚO_»O H©ÅÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ ^ÕǨÏO H©ÅÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ ã¨~°fi^ÕǨÏO
H©ÅÜ«∞H©ÅÜ«∞ =∞=∞ âßOuO ‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞ =∞=∞ Ѩi"å~°ã¨º ~°HΔÍO ‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞
™êfiǨ FOFOFO ~°O~°O~°O Ǩ˙OǨ˙OǨ˙O Ѷ¨ò ™êfiǨ
FOFOFOFOFO Ü«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞O ~°O~°O~°O~°O~°OÅOÅO
ÅOÅOÅO =OѶ¨ò ™êfiǨ FO~î°ó FO Ǩ˙OѶ¨ò FO „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~
=∞=∞ã¨i"å~°O ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ FO Ü«∞óÜ«∞ó FOFOFO „Ç‘ÏO Ѷ¨ò™êfiǨ FOFOFO
„ǨO„ǨO„ǨO HÍm Hõ~åoÜÕ∞ =∂O„Ѩu LѨ„^Œ"å^ŒºaèKå~°O
‰õΩ~°fiOu–P‰õΩ~°fi<£ Hõi+¨ºOu–HÍ~°~Ú+¨ºu "å`å<£ ã¨~åfi<£ ǨÏ#ǨÏ#
ѨK«Ñ¨K« Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ=∂O ã¨Ñ¨i"å~°O ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ ™êfiǨ II
Wkx`«ºO ѨiîOz# "åiH˜ ã¨=∞ã¨Î ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ `˘Åy ã¨HõÅ HÀiHõÅ∞
f~°∞#∞.
IIt"å~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î II
37
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
38
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
FO
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
â’¡II 㨈~fiëê=∞Ñ≤ =ÚHõκ~°úO =ÚH˜Î=∂~°æ㨺 ^Œ~°≈#O I
^Õ"Õâ◊ *Ï˝#=∂Kå~°O Hõ$Ѩܫ∂ Hõ^èŒÜ«∞ã¨fi"Õ∞ II
*Ï˝<åKå~“ =~å~À¿ÇÏ Hõ^èŒÜ«∂q∞ `«"å^èŒ∞<å
„Ѩqâ◊Ou Ü«∞`À"≥∂HõΔO *Ï˝x<À^èŒfiã¨Î HõŇ+¨O II
ÜÕ∞ëê ÉË^èÕ# ã¨O*Ï`«O HÍÅ*Ï˝#O =~å#<Õ
# `Õëê *ÏÜ«∞`ÕÉ’^èŒó âßGHÀ˜ â◊`≥·~°Ñ≤ II
J`ÀÇ≤Ï x~°ƒùÜ≥∂ q^•fi<£ qâ◊≈OHÀ qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó
*Ï˝<À`åûÇ¨Ï Ñ¨~ÀÉèí∂Ü«∂`ü „â◊^•ú^è•<À x~å‰õΩÅó II 4
`å : ã¨HõÅ[#∞Å∂ =ÚH˜ÎK≥O^Œ∞ =∂~°æ=Ú#∞ É’kèOK«=∞x ^Õq
Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞x „áêiúOK«QÍ t=Ù_ç@∞¡ K≥ÃÑÊ#∞. áêѨ~°Ç≤Ï`«∞Öˇ·# *Ï˝#∞Å∞
=ÚH˜ÎK≥O^Œ∞ =∂~°æ=ÚÅ∞ *Ï˝#=Ú PKå~°=ÚÅx `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#∞=Ú
HÍÅ*Ï˝#=Ú ÖËx"åiH˜ HÀ˜ âßG=ÚÅ∞ É’kèOz##∂ =º~°÷"Õ∞. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«
ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ ~°Ç≤Ï`«∞Öˇ·, *Ï˝#=Ú ã¨OáêkOK«∞@Ü«∞O^Œ∞ L`åûǨÏ=Ú HõÅ"åÔ~·,
„â◊^Œ÷`À ™ê^èŒ# KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
â’¡II x~°‡=∞ó Hõ~°∞}À¿Ñ`«ó ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`åÉèíÜ«∞ „Ѩ^Œó
Éèí*Ë`ü HÍÖ’`«Î~°O ^Õq =Ú=Ú‰õΔΩ~ÀºQÆ `«`«Ê~°ó II
㨄|Ǩ‡ ã¨t"À q+¨μ‚ó ã¨WO„^Œó ã¨+¨_®##ó
ã¨QÆ∞~°∞ó ã¨~°fi^Õ"åâ◊Û ã¨Ü≥∂w ã¨`«áÈ^èŒ#ó II
ѨO_ç`« ã¨û=∞ǨÉèÏQÆó Hõ$`å~°úó Ѩ~°=∂~°÷`«ó
K«Å^•fiÜ«Ú ã¨=∞Oz`«ÎO „kèÜ«∞`Õ ÜÕ∞#xâ◊ÛÅO II
ã¨LáêÜ≥∂ q"≥∂HõΔ㨺 ã¨^Œ∞áê`«Î QÆ∞}Àã¨∞Îã¨ó
™ê„Ѩ*Ï˝ `«kǨÏÃãÂ÷~°ºO `«`«∞Ê}ºO =º=™ê~Ú<åO II
39
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
`å : =ÚH˜ÎÜ«∞O^Œ∞ HÀiHõHõÅ"å~°∞, <åk J#∞ÉèÏ==Ú ÖËx"åÔ~·,
^ŒÜ«∞QÆÅ"åÔ~· Ü≥∂QÆ=∂~°æ=Ú ¿ãqOK« =ÅÜ«Ú#∞. J`«_Õ ã¨HõÅ ^Õ=`å
ã¨fi~°∂ѨÙ_»QÆ∞#∞. K«eOK«∞ „áê}"åÜ«Ú=Ù#∞ ã≤÷~°=ÚQÍ #∞Oz, ‰õΩOÉèíHõ
„áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂ÉèϺã¨"Õ∞ "≥∂HõΔ=Ú#‰õΩ =¸ÅHÍ~°} =∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk.
â’¡II `«^Õ= f~°úO^•#OK« ã¨`«Ñ¨â◊Û# ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó
ÜÕ∞<ÀáêÜÕ∞# |^èÕº`« "åÜ«Úaèâ◊ÛÅ#O =∞#ó I
z`ÕÎK«Åu ã¨O™ê~À xâ◊ÛÖË "≥∞HõΔ U=`«∞
`«™ê‡zÛ`«ÎO ã≤ú~°O‰õΩ~åº`ü „Ѩ[˝Ü«∂ Ѩ~°Ü«∂|∞^èŒó II
SHÍOuHõ ã¨∞YOÜ«∞„`« `«^è≥·"å`«ºOuHõO Éèí"Õ`ü
x+¨¯~°‡}© Ѩˆ~`«`Õfi HÀ#~°*˺`« ѨO_ç`«ó II
x=$`ÒÎ q+¨Ü«∞*Ï˝<å`ü x+¨¯Å*Ï˝# `«`«Ê~°ó
PxK«Ûù#flÑ≤ "Õ∞^è•g ÅÉèË`« "≥∂HõΔ=∞HõΔÜ«∞O II
`å : JkÜÕ∞ f~°÷=Ú–`«Ñ¨ã¨∞û JQÆ∞K«∞#flk, z`«Î=Ú K«eOz#
ã¨O™ê~°=∞QÆ∞#∞. ã≤÷~°=ÚQÍ #∞#fl "≥∂HõΔ=Ú á⁄O^≥^Œ~°∞. `≥eqHõÅ"å~°∞
„Ѩ[˝KÕ`« ã≤÷~°z`«Î=Ú á⁄O^Œ=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. q+¨Ü«∞*Ï˝# q=ÚY∞Öˇ·,
x+¨¯Å*Ï˝#=∞QÆ∞ t=*Ï˝#=∞O^Œ∞ `«`«Ê~°∞Öˇ· Ü«Ú#fl"å~°∞ HÀiHõÖˉõΩ#fl#∞
"≥∂HõΔ=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞K«∞<åfl~°∞.
â’¡II Jã≤‡`å HõÅÜ«∂Ü«ÚHõÎO K≥·`«#ºO ã¨HõÅO 㨇 $`«O
Jã≤‡`å ~°Ç≤Ï`«O KÕ`«ó K≥·`«#ºO â◊H˜Î ~°∞K«º`Õ II
`«Ü«∂ „ѨHÍt`«O qâ◊fiOâ◊H˜Î ^蕺#=Ú^•Ç¨Ï$`«O
ã¨~åfiÅO| qx~°∞‡HõÎO x+¨¯ÅO *Ï˝#=ÚK«º`Õ
JǨÏ=∞Oâı# Ü«∞K«∂Ûù#ºO z<凄`« Ö’Hõ=∞^ŒfiÜ«∞O
=ÚH˜Îc[O `«^•MϺ`«O Ѩ~°Ü≥∂QÆ „Ѩ=~°ÎHõO II
40
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
K«„HÍ}˜ <å_»Ü«∞ó Ѩ^Œ‡^Õ=`å c[=∞O_»ÅO
~°∂Ѩx`åºkHõO H˜Oz`ü ^èպܫ∞O <≥·=Hõ^•K«# II
`å : =∂Ü«∞KÕ P=iOK«|_ç#k ã¨HõÅ=∞x, =∂Ü«∂ ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ#
K≥·`«#º=Ú ''â◊H˜Î—— Jx K≥ѨÊ|_»∞#∞. Ѩ$kè"åºk – t=`«`åÎfiO`«=Ú.
^Õâ◊HÍÖÏ^Œº#=zÛù#"≥∞ÿ# â◊H˜Î`À xO_çÜ«Ú#flk. ''<Õ#∞—— J<Õk ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ#^Õ
=ÚH˜ÎH˜ c[=∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. JO`ÕHÍx 6 K«„Hõ=ÚÅ∞, 32 <å_»∞Å∞,
4–6–8–12–16–2 ^Œà◊=ÚÅ∞ QÆŠѨ^Œ‡=ÚÅ∞, „|Ǩ‡k ^Õ=`«Å∞,
„Ѩ}"åk c*ÏHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞, ã¨∂~åºk =∞O_»Å=ÚÅ∞, ~°HÍÎk~°∂Ѩ=ÚÅ∞,
F_论}Ïk |O^èŒ#=ÚÅ∞ U"≥·<å, Z#fl˜H© ^èպܫ∞=ÚÅ∞ HÍ=Ù.
â’¡II ‰õΩǨÏHõO =∞O„`«*ÏÅO K«„áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂k ^è•~°}O
ã¨~°fi"Õ∞`«#fl Hõ~°Î=ºO "≥∂HõΔ=∞HõΔÜ«∞ q∞K«Ûù`å I
<å„`«Ñ¨Ó*Ï #=∞™ê¯~À #[áÈ^蕺#"Õ∞=K«
ˆH=ÅO *˽ܫ∞q∞`«∞ºHõÎO "Õk`«=ºO# H˜OK«# II
|Ç≤Ï ~åÇ≤Ï`« z`åÎ<åO ÅÜ«∞O`Õ |O^茿ÇÏ`«=ó
|Ç≤ÏtÛù`«ÎO x"åÔ~º= qO^Œ<£Ö’ˆH # ã‘^Œu II
<å„`«H˜Oz ^ŒƒÇ≤Ï~åflO`«O #=∞^茺O <åѨº^èŒó Hõfiz`ü
ã¨~åfiHÍ~°O x~åHÍ~°O ã¨fiã¨O"Õ^ŒºO q~å[`Õ II
`å : +¨òHõ~°‡Å∞ QÆÅ =∞O„`«âßG=Ú, „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂k
^蕺#^è•~°}=ÚÅ∞, ѨÙ#~å=$uÎ ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ# "≥∂HõΔ=Ú#∞ HÀ~°∞"å~°∞
PK«iOѨ~å^Œ∞. ѨÓ[ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞–[Ѩ^è•#º=ÚÅ∞ UqÜ«¸
r=#∞‡‰õΩÎxH˜ ÖË=Ù. [QÆ`«∞Î"≥·Ñ¨Ù ^Œ$+≤ì™êiOz# "åiH˜ |O^èŒ ¿ÇÏ`«∞=ÙÅ∞
„áêÑ≤ÎOK«∞#∞. ÉÏǨϺ=Ú–=∞^茺=∞=Ú–JO`«º=Ú J#∞#q. ã¨~åfiHÍ~°=Ú
x~åHÍ~°=ÚQÍ `«#Ü«∞O^Õ *Ï˝xH˜ QÀK«iOK«∞#∞.
41
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
â’¡II Ü«∞^•º^•Ö’Hõº Ü≥∂[O`«∞ó ‰õΩ~°∞`Õ Hõ~°‡ã¨OK«Ü«∞O
`«^Œæu~å˚Ü«∞`Õ Ü«∞™ê‡xfl ~å Ö’HõO`«∞ zO`«ÜÕ∞`ü
¿ÇÏ`«∞~åflã≤ΠѶ¨ÅO<å ã≤Î <å ã≤ÎHõ~°‡ ã¨fiÉèÏ=`«ó
Jã¨^Œ∂ƒù`« q∞^ŒOã¨~°fiO <åã≤ÎÖ’HÀ# Ö∫H˜Hõó II
x~åÅO| q∞^ŒO ã¨~°fiO x~åÅO| „ѨHÍt`«O
x~åÅO| q∞^ŒOHõ$`åfi x~åÅOÉ’ Éèíq+¨ºu II
"Àº=∂HÍ~° =∞Ǩâ◊¥#ºO "åºÑ¨HõO Ü≥∂#ÉèÏ=ÜÕ∞`ü
ã¨O™ês ã¨Éèí"ÕÖ’¡ˆH c[HÀâ◊ „H˜q∞~°º^è• II
`å : ^ÕxxK«∂z Z=~°∞ UHõ~°‡ KÕÜ«ÚK«∞<åfl~À "åiH˜ P^ÕQÆu
„áêÑ≤ÎOK«∞#∞. Hõ#∞Hõ<Õ x~åÖ’Hõ zO`«# KÕÜ«∂e. HÍ~°}=¸ ÖË^Œ∞,
Ѷ¨e`«=¸ÖË^Œ∞, ã¨fiÉèÏ==Ú KÕ`«<Õ Hõ~°‡ â◊¥#º=∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. [QÆ`«∞Î Jã¨`ü
JQÆ∞@KÕ ÖËx^Õ x~°∞áêkèHõ Ѩ~°=∞t=ÙxKÕ „ѨHÍt`«=∞QÆ∞ Ѩi}Ï=∞je
Ü«∞QÆ∞ D [QÆ`«∞Î =∞Ü«∂~°∂Ѩ =∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. z^•HÍâ◊=Ú#∞ aO^Œ∞,
=∂Ü«∂k J<ÕHõ x~åHÍ~°=ã¨∞Î *Ï`«=Ú`À xO_ç# =∞Ǩâ◊¥#º=ÚQÍ Z=~°∞
ÉèÏqOK«~À, "å~°∞ q`«Î#=∞O^Œ∞ QÆÅ „H˜q∞=Öˇ, [##=∞~°}~°∂Ѩ
ã¨O™ê~°|O^èŒ=Ú#O^Œ∞ z‰õΩ¯H˘<≥^Œ~°∞.
â’¡II *Ï˝<À`«ÊuÎ xq∞`«ÎO`«∞ „H˜Ü«∂â◊Û~åºó „ѨH©iÎ`åó
Ü≥∂QÆO ™êÅO|#O `«ºHÍÎfi x¢+¨Ê=OK«O qzO`«ÜÕ∞`ü II
áê`åÖÏ`ü â◊H˜ÎѨ~°ºO`«O ã¨~°fi"Õ∞`«^ŒcèÑ≤û`«O
ÉèíQÆflOÜ≥ÿ∞ó â◊¥#º=∞O„`Õ} `Õ㨇 $`åó â◊¥#º"Õk#ó II
q+¨ÜÕ∞ Ö’Å∞ѨOz `«ÎO =∞~°¯Ï^ŒÑ≤ K«OK«ÅO
ã¨~°fiâ◊¥#º Ѩ^Õã≤÷`åfi `«`Àx~åfi} "Õ∞+¨ºu II
ã¨~°fi`«`åfi^Œº ã¨Oaè#flO ^ÕǨ`ü aè#flO`«^ä≥· =K«
JǨÏ=∞™ê‡^Œº ã¨Oaè#flO K≥·`«#ºO ã¨~°fi`À =ÚYO II
42
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
`å: *Ï˝<À`«ÊuÎH˘~°ˆH Hõ~å‡#∞ëêª#=Ú K≥ѨÊ|_ç#k Ü≥∂QÆã≤^Œ∞úÅ#∞
q_çzÃјì z^Œ…<≥·Hõ =ã¨∞Î=Ù<Õ ^蕺xOKåe. áê`åà◊=∞O^Œ∞#fl HÍÖÏyfl
~°∞„^ŒÉèí=#=Ú #∞O_ç â◊H˜Î`«`«fi=Ú =~°‰õΩ ã¨=∞ã¨ÎÉè’QÆ=Ú#∞ q_»z
ÃÑ@ì=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ã¨∞MÏaèÖÏ+≤Ü≥ÿ∞# =∞#ã¨∞û HÀuHõO>Ë K«OK«Å"≥∞ÿ#k.
ã¨~°fi`«`«fi=ÚÅ`À ‰õÄ_»x^≥· ''JǨÏ=∞ã≤‡—— J<Õ ã¨OHõÅÊ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ
ã¨~°fi`À=ÚY"≥∞ÿ# K≥·`«#º=Ú`À LO_» =ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
â’¡II PHÍâ◊q∞= ã¨~°fiO`«∞ ã¨ÉÏǨÉèϺO`«~°O „Ñ≤ÜÕ∞
Ѩ~å#O^Œ=∞ ~°∂ѨO`«∞ Ѩâ◊º<åfl#O^Œ ÉèÏQƃù"Õ`ü II
x~°O^èŒ<À Ü«∞^è•=Ç≤Ïfló ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= „Ѩâß=∞ºu
„QÍǨºÉèÏ"å#‡ # ã¨Î^Œfi`ü ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= „ѨbÜ«∞`Õ
"≥∂Ç‘ÏHÍ=¸iÛù HÍ=∂Ü«∂ ã¨fiѨflâıÛu K«`«∞ifi^èŒ
ã¨∞+¨μÑ≤Î *ÏQÆ$uâ‹ÂÛ= ã¨~°fi"Õ∞ `«`«Êi`«º*Ë`ü II
^ÕǨ`ü ã¨∂HõΔ ‡ QÆ`å¢`åÊ}Ï`ü z`å^Œ∞ƒù^Õú ~°Ç¨ÏOHõ$`Õó II
ã¨~°fi™ê‡kÛù#fl U"åǨÏO zO`«Ü«∞<£ ÅÉèí`Õz`«O II
`å : Ѷ¨∞@=Ú, =∞~î°=Ú, "≥ÚII =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅO^Œe â◊¥#º=Ú=Öˇ,
ÉÏǨºÉèíºO`«~°=ÚÅO^Œ∞ xO_çÜ«Ú#fl Ѩ~å#O^Œ Ѩ~°=∞ t=Ùx ^Œi≈Oz,
P#O^Œ=Ú á⁄O^Œ=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ѨÙÅ¡Å∞ÖËx Jyfl Uq^èŒ=ÚQÍ `å<Õ PiáÈ=Ù<À
q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ∞ ÖËx =∞#ã¨∞û ‰õÄ_® J>Ë¡ <åâ◊#=∞QÆ∞#∞. Ѩ~°=∞t=ÙxÖ’
b#=∞QÆ∞#∞. "≥∂ǨÏ=Ú– =¸~°Ûù–=∂Ü«∞–ã¨fiѨfl=Ú J#∞ 4 ã¨∞+¨μÑ≤Î
(`«"≥∂QÆ∞} u~ÀÇ≤Ï`« =∞<À~°∂ѨO) *ÏQÆ$u ã¨~°fi=¸ Ѩi`«ºlOK«
=ÅÜ«Ú#∞, ã¨∂÷Åâ◊s~°=Ú, „áê}=Ú, =∞#ã¨∞û, |∞kú, JǨÏOHÍ~°O
g@xflHõO>Ë `å#∞ aè#∞fl_»x ÉèÏqOz#KÀ zkfi"ÕHõ=Ú HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞.
â’¡II ã¨^•aè Éèí∂Ü«∞`Õ z`«ÎO x„^ŒÜ«∂ 㨇~°}Ïk<å
É’^èŒ~Ú`åfi „Ѩܫ∞`Õfl# ‰õΩ~åº`ü ã¨fiã¨úOѨÙ#óѨÙ#ó
43
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
Ü«∞^ä•ã≤÷~°O Éèí"Õ`üz`«ÎO <≥·=KåÅÜ«∞<£ Hõ^äŒOK«#
#H˜Oz zÛO`«ÜÕ∞ `«Î„`« ã≤÷~°"Õ∞=`«∞ HÍ~°ÜÕ∞`ü II
P„â◊Ü«∂ÅO|#O z`«ÎO `«^Œfi`«∞¯~åºxfl ~å„â◊Ü«∞O
K«OK«ÅO xâ◊ÛÅO‰õΩ~åº`ü xâ◊ÛÅO`«∞# KåÅÜÕ∞`ü II
ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`« ÅÜÕ∞*Ï`Õ Ü«∞^Œº^£ "Àº=∞ã¨∞ x~°‡ÅO
`«`«Î„^Œ∂ѨO ã¨fiHõO^蕺ÜÕ∞`ü "åºÑ¨ÎOK≥·=`«∞ x~°‡ÅO II
`å: =∞#ã¨∞û ZšѨC_»∂ x„^•ã¨‡~°}Ï^Œ∞ÅKÕ "≥#∞Hõ‰õΩ Ñ¨Ü«∞xOK«∞#∞
(JaèÉèí∂Ü«∞`ÕII u~°¢ã≤¯Ü«∞`Õ) ^•xx É’^èŒ#`À =∞~°Å =∞~°Å ã¨fiã¨ú=Ú
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x~å„â◊Ü«∞=Ú KÕã≤#KÀ K«OK«Å`«fi=Ú áÈ~Ú xâ◊ÛÅ=∞QÆ∞#∞ ã¨~°fi
=¸ÅÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ# Ñ≤=∞‡@ PHÍâ◊=Ú Z@∞¡ x~°‡Å=ÚQÍ #∞O_»∞<À, `å#∞
J>Ë¡ ÉèÏqOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
â’¡II `«^Õ= [#‡™êѶ¨ÅºO áêO_ç`«º q∞^Œ"Õ∞=Ç≤Ï
K«Å^•fiÜ«Ú ã¨=∞Oz`«ÎO xâ◊ÛÅO„kèÜ«∞`ÕÇ≤Ï `«`ü II
<≥·"À~°úºO ^è•~°ÜÕ∞z`«ÎO #=∞^茺O <åѨº^èŒóHõfiz`ü
JO`«~åƒù= qx~°∞‡HõÎO ã¨^• ‰õΩ~åºxfl ~å„â◊Ü«∞O
x„^•Ü«∂O É’^èŒÜÕ∞zÛ`«ÎO qH˜ΔѨÎO â◊=∞ÜÕ∞`«∞Ê#ó
ѨHõΔ^ŒfiÜ«∞ Ѩi`庈Q ã¨O„áê¿ÑÎ<≥·= KåÅÜÕ∞`ü I
x~å„â◊Ü«∞O ã¨^•z`«ÎO ã¨~åfiÅO|# =i˚`«O
=∞<À=™êÌ qx~°∞‡HõÎO q*˽ܫ∞O =ÚH˜ÎÅHõΔ}O II
`å : W@∞¡ x~°‡Å`«fi=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞@KÕ [#‡ ™êѶ¨Åº=Ú. W^Õ
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44
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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WkÜÕ∞ ™ê^èŒ#.
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Ü«∞^£ *Ï˝#O *ÏÜ«∞`Õ ã¨Ê+¨ìO `«^ŒÉèϺ㨠Ѩ~ÀÉèí"Õ`ü I
ÜÕ∞^蕺ܫ∞Ou #~°Oâ◊¥#ºO x+¨¯ÅO x~°=ã≤÷`«O
`ÕÜ«∂Ou Ѩ~°=∞O™ê÷#O [#‡=∞$`«∞º q=i˚`«O II
^Õ"å ^Õ"å ã¨Î^è•Kå<Õº ^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~“‡K« `«`«ÊùÅO
P„â◊Ü«∂„â◊~Ú q*Ï˝#O ã¨O™ê~°ã¨ºK« |O^èŒ#O II
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ǨÏ$`«û~À*ËǨϺǨÏO ~°∂áêÜ«∂ zuifl~°‡ÖÏK«ÖÏ
JǨÏOHÍ~° Ѩi`åºQÍ`ü ™êzu~À‡HõΔ^•~Úh II
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^Õâ◊*Ï`åºk ã¨O|^•ú<£ =~å‚„â◊=∞ ã¨=∞xfi`å<£
ÉèÏ"å<Õ`å #Êi`«º[º ã¨fiÉèÏ=O ÉèÏ=ÜÕ∞^Œ∞ƒù^Œó II 48
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™ê^èŒ# KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
â’¡II JǨÏ"Õ∞"À #"Õ∞HõtÛ`ü <åǨÏ=∞#º#º Hõ㨺z`ü
#`«O Ѩâߺq∞ Ü«∞™êºÇ¨ÏO `«O# Ѩâߺq∞Ü≥∂=∞=∞
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`«^•Éèí=u âßO`å`å‡ ã¨~°fi`À qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó II
Ü≥∂™œ 㨈~fi+¨μ âߢ¿ãÎ+¨μ Ѩ~î°º`Õ Ç¨Ïº[ Dâ◊fi~°ó
JHÍÜ≥∂ x~°∞æ}ÀǨº`å‡ ™ÈǨÏ=∞ã≤‡# ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó II
`å : <Õ#∞ Hõ¯_ç<Õ, <åÔH=~°∂ ÖË~°∞. <Õ#∞ Z=ih K«∂K«∞> ÖË^Œ∞.
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J#∞ÉèÏ=# *Ï˝# <Õ„`«=ÚÅ`À Hõey#ѨÙ_»∞, `«##∞ Jâ◊s~°=ÚQÍ ÉèÏqOz
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ã¨~°fi„`«Ü«∞™ê‡`ü ã¨`«`«O q=ÚHõÎó II
<å^ÕÜ«∞ ¿ÇÏÜ≥∂ ǨϺǨÏ=∞„Ѩ`«~°¯ ºó
`«™ê‡`ü ã¨^•„|Ǩχ=∞Ü≥∂ qâ’Hõó II
P=∞ã¨ÎHõO áê^Œ`«ÖÏ=™ê#O ™êO`«~°˚Ç≤Ïó K«~°‡ ѨÏ=#^Œ÷O II
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"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
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Dâ’ǨÏ"Õ∞ "å㨺K«~å K«~°ã¨º
Ñ≤`åK« =∂`åK« Ñ≤`å=∞ǨÏâ◊Û II
^蕺#O ã¨=∂™êúÜ«∞ Ѩ^ŒOK«`«∞~°÷O ^蕺ܫ∞Ou
=∂"Õ∞= q=ÚHõÎHÍ=∂ó
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`å<Õ Ñ¨ÓlOѨ |_»∞K«∞<åfl_»∞.
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Éèí∂`åx KåǨÏO ã≤ú~°[OQÆ=∂x Ü«∂=Ou Kå<åº#ûǨÏ
"Õ∞=`åx I
#ã¨∂úÅ ã¨∂HΔÀ‡#K« â◊¥#º~°∂áÈ *Ï˝<≥·Hõ~°∂áÈ
[QÆ^ÕHõ |O^èŒ∞ó II
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J<åk q*Ï˝# =∞[OѨÙ~å}O QÆ∞Ǩâ◊Ü«∂ x+¨¯Å=∞ „ѨѨOK«O
x~°O[#O x¢+¨Êu=∞O xsâ◊=∞^Œ$â◊º=∞ „QÍǨϺ=∞ zO`«º~°∂ѨO II
ã¨<å`«#O „|Ǩχx~°O`«~°O Ü«∞`üѨ^Õ-™ÈǨÏq∞u „ѨѨâıº`ü
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`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
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U`≥· ~åflã≤ΠѨ~å=ÚH˜Îó z„^Œ∂ѨO "åºÑ¨HõO q<å
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W=xflÜ«¸ "≥∂HõΔã≤kÌ x=fiÖË=Ù. ~°™êÜ«∞<åk ã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«~å^Œ∞.
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#=¸Ö’`åÊ@#O ‰õΩ~åº`ü Ѩ„`«KÕÛù^ŒO qã¨~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü
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[fi~°Éèí∂`« „QÆǨ"Õâ◊ =âߺHõ~°¬} "≥∂ǨÏ#O
# ‰õΩ~åº`ü ‰õΔΩ„^ŒHõ~å‡}˜ HÍ+¨ªáêëê} ѨÓ[#O II
`å: Ѩ~°=∂~°ú|∞k÷ QÆÅ"å_»∞ „H˜q∞H©@HÍѨHõΔ *ÏÅ=Ú#∞ Ç≤ÏOã≤OK«
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â’¡II ã¨"≥∂ q∞„`ÕK« q∞„`ÕK« ã¨"≥∂Ö’¿+ªK« HÍOK«<Õ
JaèÖÏëÈ# Hõ~°Î=ºó WO„kÜ«∂ˆ~ú Hõ^•K«# II
P`å‡~å"≥∂ Éèí"Õ^Àºw x~°ƒÜ≥∂ qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó
ã¨=∞xO^• „Ѩâ◊Oã¨â◊Û ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`« ã¨=∞ã¨Î^è• ó
ã¨=∞^Œ$+≤ìã¨∞Î Hõ~°Î"åº Ü«∞^ä•`«‡x `«^è•Ñ¨ˆ~
q"å^ŒO Ö’HõQÀ+≤ªOK« HõÅǨOâ◊Û q=~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü II
D~嬺O ÃÑ· â◊¥#º^ŒOÉèËK« ~åQÆO =∂`«û~°º"Õ∞=K«
HÍ=∞„HÀ^èÒ ÉèíÜ«∞Oâ’HõO `«º*Ë`ü ã¨~°fiO â◊<≥·ó â◊<≥·
49
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
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  • 8. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü 4. ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=Ú 5.™È`«ÎO–Wk â’¡Hõ=ÚÅ`À #∞O_»∞#∞. ^Õ=`«‰õΩ Hõ=K«O â◊s~°=ږѨ@ÅO t~°ã¨∞û–Ѩ^Œúu ǨÏã¨Î=ÚÅ∞–ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O =ÚY=Ú– ™È΄`«O áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞ JQÆ∞K«∞#flq. Wq =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# 5 JOQÆ=ÚÅ∞. „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O WO^Œ∞ `åO„uHõ q^è•#=ÚÖ’x „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ѨOKåOQÆ=ÚÅ∞ `≥Å∞Ѩ|_ç#q. „Ѩ`«ºOy~°[##O ѨÓ~°fi HõÅÊ=ÚÖ’ ^Õ=^•#=ÙʼnõΩ Ü«Ú^ŒúO [iy#ѨÙ_»∞ ^•#=ÙÅ∞ F_çáÈÜ«∂~°∞. JѨÙ_»∞ N =∞Ǩq+¨μ‚=Ù t=Ù_çzÛ# ã¨∞^Œ~°≈# K«„Hõ=Ú#∞ ^•#=ÙÅÃÑ· „ѨÜ≥∂yOK≥#∞. Jk‰õÄ_® "åix Ug∞ KÕÜ«∞ÖËHõáÈ~Ú#k JѨÙ_»∞ Ѩ~°=∞t=Ù_»∞ ã¨~°fiâ◊`«$<åâ◊<å~°úO Ѩ~åâ◊H˜Îx 㨇iOK«QÍ, â◊H˜Î „Ѩ`«ºOy~å^ÕqQÍ Pq~°ƒùqOz ^•#=ÙÅO^Œih #tOѨKÕÃã#∞. J#O`«~°O t=Ù_»∞–P â◊H˜Î`À „ѨuѨHõΔ<åtx–„Ѩu=∞O„`« ÉèíHõΔ}˜ JQÆ∞@=Å#, h=Ù „Ѩ`«ºOy~å â◊H˜ÎQÆ LO_≥^Œ=x <å=∞Hõ~°}=Ú KÕã≤ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞O„`«=Ú Ñ¨~°=∞ áê=#"≥∞ÿ#^Œx áêѨ<åâ◊#=∞x P^ÕtOK≥#∞. D „Ѩ`«ºOy~°ÜÕ∞ J^èŒ~°fi}HÍoÜ«∞x x‰õΩOaèÅJx, Ñ≤Å∞=|_»∞K«∞#flk. ™ê^茉õΩÅ∞ g˜x 㨄Hõ=∞=ÚQÍ PK«iOz W+¨ªã≤kú á⁄O^ŒQÆÅ~°x ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. –"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü II FO #=∞ó t"åÜ«∞ II J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞Ǩ=∞O„`«ã¨º =∞ǨÉèˇ·~°= |∞∞+≤ó II J#∞+¨μªÑπ Kè«O^Œó N=∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åII SO c[O „Ç‘ÏOâ◊H˜Îó ™êfiǨ H©ÅHõOII Éè’QÍѨ =~°æ ã≤^Œúºˆ~ú qxÜ≥∂QÆó : ^蕺#â’¡HõO – 8
  • 9. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü JâßO|~å =ÚHõÎHõKå Ѷ¨∞#K«Ûùq ˆ~̺ܫ∂ ã¨K«~å‡ã≤ Hõ~åÇ≤Ï Éèí∂+¨}Ï ^ŒO¢ëÈì„QÆ =¢HÍÎ „QÆã≤`åÇ≤Ï`å `«fiÜ«∂ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å â◊OHõ~°`Õ[¿ãi`å II =¸Å=∞O„`« :– FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ =∞=∞~°HõΔ ~°HõΔ=∞=∞ â◊„`«∂<£ ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ FO ™êfiǨ II 25 JHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞. „Ѩ`«ºOy~å„áê}„Ѩu+¨ª FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO ÇπÏ™œO ǨÏOã¨ó N „Ѩ`«ºOy~åÜ«∂ó „áê}Ï WǨτáê}Ïó FO PO„Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO HõΔO ÇπÏ ™œO N „Ѩ`«ºOy~åÜ«∂ó r= WǨÏã≤÷`«ó II FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO à◊O HõΔO ÇπÏ ã¨ó 㨈~fiO„kÜ«∂}˜ WǨÏã≤÷`åx FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO ÇπÏ ™œO ǨÏO ã¨ó– "åOQƇ#ã¨ÎfiH± K«‰õΔΩó „â’„`«„Ѷ¨∂} „áê}Ï WǨQÆ`«º ã¨∞YO z~°O u+¨ªO`«∞ ™êfiǨ II Jx „áê}„Ѩu+¨ªKÕã≤ |∞∞ëêºk <åºã¨=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞Ǩ=∞O„`«ã¨º =∞ǨÉèˇ·~°=|∞∞+≤óII J#∞+¨μìÑπ Kè«O^ŒóII N =∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åII SO c[O–„Ç‘ÏO â◊H˜Îó– ™êfiǨ H©ÅHõOII Éè’QÍѨ=~°æ ã≤^Œúºˆ~ú [<Õ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II Éèˇ·~°= |∞∞+¨ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó– t~°ã≤ J#∞+¨μªÑπ Kè«O^Œ¿ã #=∞ó– =ÚMË N =∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó– ǨÏ$k „Ç‘ÏO c*ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó QÆ∞¿ÇϺ 9 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 10. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü NO â◊HõÎÜÕ∞ #=∞ó– áê^ŒÜ≥∂ó ™êfiǨ H©ÅHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó– <åÉè∫ =∞=∞ N ^èŒ~å‡~°ú HÍ=∞"≥∂HΔ͈~ú [¿ÑqxÜ≥∂QÆó SO #=∞ó–<åÉèϺk áê^•O`«O „Ç‘Ï #=∞ó–HõO~îåk <åÉèϺO`«O NO #=∞ó–=¸~åúk HõO~îåO`«O SO #=∞ó–"å=∞áê}˜`«ÖË, „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó ^ŒH˜Δ} áê}˜`«ÖË. NO #=∞ó LÉèíÜ≥∂ó, FO SO JOQÆ∞ëêªÉèϺO FO „Ç‘ÏO `«~°˚hÉèϺO #=∞ó, FO NO =∞^䌺=∂ÉèϺO #=∞ó, „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ J<åq∞HÍÉèϺO #=∞ó, =∞=∞ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ Hõx+≤ìHÍÉèϺO #=∞ó, =∞=∞â◊„`«∂<£ ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ FO ™êfiǨ Hõ~°`«Å Hõ~°Ñ¨$ëêìÉèϺO #=∞ó FO SO ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂Ü«∞ #=∞óII „Ç‘ÏO t~°¿ã ™êfiǨ FO tMÏÜ≥ÿ∞ =+¨òII „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ Hõ=KåÜ«∞ ǨïOII =∞=∞ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ <Õ„`«„`«Ü«∂Ü«∞ "Ò+¨òI =∞=∞â◊„`«∂<£II ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ FO ™êfiǨ J¢™êÎÜ«∞ Ѷ¨ò II =∂`«$HÍ<åºã¨O FO J㨺N JO`«~å‡`«$HÍ<åºã¨ã¨º „|Ǩ‡|∞∞+≤ó QÍÜ«∞„f Kè«O^Œó– N=∂`«$HÍ ã¨~°ã¨fif ^Õ=`å ǨÏÖ’ c*Ïx–ã¨fi~åó J=ºHõÎO H©ÅHõO– =∞=∞ N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`Õfi# <庿ã qxÜ≥∂QÆó– Jx JO[e Ѷ¨∞˜Oz 㨇~°}`À <åºã¨=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. „|Ǩ‡ |∞∞+¨ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó–t~°ã≤, QÍÜ«∞„f Kè«O^Œ¿ã #=∞ó =ÚMË– N JO`«~å‡`«$HÍ ^Õ=`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜÕ∞–ǨÏÖ’ c*ËÉè’º #=∞ó QÆ∞¿ÇϺ–ã¨fi~åó â◊H˜ÎÉè’º #=∞ó áê^ŒÜ≥∂ó– J=ºHõÎO H©ÅHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó <åÉè∫–=∞=∞ N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`Õfi# <庿ã qxÜ≥∂QÆó Wu ã¨~åfiOˆQII 10
  • 11. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO HõO YO QÆO Ѷ¨∞O VO PO JOQÆ∞ëêªÉèϺO #=∞ó– FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO WO K«O Kè«O [O ~°≠O WO DO t~°¿ã™êfiǨ– FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO LO @O ~î°O _»O _è»O}O TO tMÏÜ≥ÿ∞ =+¨ò– FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO UO `«O ^äŒO ^ŒO ^èŒO #O SO Hõ=KåÜ«∞ ǨïO FO SO„Ç‘ÏO NO FO ѨO Ѷ¨O |O ÉèíO =∞O BO <Õ„`«„`«Ü«∂Ü«∞ "Ò+¨ò FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO Jó J¢™êÎÜ«∞ Ѷ¨ò– JO #=∞ó–#∞Oz Jó#=∞ó =~°‰õΩ–HõOˆ~î ëÈ_»â◊^Œàı, HõO#=∞ó –YO#=∞ó QÆO #=∞ó Ѷ¨∞O #=∞ó–VO#=∞ó K«O #=∞ó–Kè«O#=∞ó–[O#=∞ó –~°≠O #=∞ó &O #=∞ó @O#=∞ó ~î°O#=∞ó W`«º<åǨÏ`Õ ^•fi^Œâ◊^Œàı–_»O #=∞ó –}O ##∞ó–`«O #=∞ó–^èŒO #=∞ó ^ŒO #=∞ó–^èŒO #=∞ó– #O#=∞ó – Ñ¶¨O#=∞ó Ѷ¨O#=∞ó Wu <åÉè∫ ^Œâ◊^Œàı–|O#=∞ó ÉèíO#=∞ó =∞O#=∞ó Ü«∞O #=∞ó ~°O#=∞ó ÅO #=∞ó–Wu eOQÆ=¸ÖË +¨ò^ŒÖË–=O #=∞ó â◊O#=∞ó +¨O #=∞ó ã¨O#=∞ó Wu =¸ÖÏ^蕈~ K«`«∞~°ÌÖ˖ǨÏO #=∞ó HõΔO #=∞ó Wu „Éèí∂=∞^èÕº kfi^Œàı. FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO #=∞ó–t~°ã≤ PO#=∞ó=ÚY=$`ÕΖ WO#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ<Õ„`Õ–DO #=∞ó "å=∞<Õ„`Õ–LO#=∞ó 11 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 12. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü "å=∞Hõˆ~‚– |∞∞O#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ<å¿ã |∞∂O#=∞ó"å=∞"å¿ã ÅO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔQÆO_Õ ÖÏO#=∞ó "å=∞QÆO_Õ UO#=∞ó T~ÀÌ¿+ª– SO#=∞ó J^èŒ~À¿+ì–FO #=∞ó T~°úfi^ŒO`«Ñ¨OH“ΖJOó#=∞ó =¸i÷fl Jó #=∞ó Jã≤≈fl HõO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔÉÏǨï=¸ÖË YO#=∞ó ‰õÄ~°Êˆ~ QÆO#=∞ó =∞}˜|O^äՖѶ¨∞O #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e =ÚÖË&O #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔǨϙêÎO QÆ∞ź„ˆQ– K«O#=∞ó "å=∞ÉÏǨï=¸ÖË–&O#=∞ó "å=∞ǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e=¸ÖË &O #=∞ó "å=∞ÉÏǨï=¸ÖË – &O#=∞ó "å=∞ǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e=¸ÖË &O #=∞ó "å=∞ǨϙêÎO QÆ∞ź„ˆQ @O #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^Œ=¸ÖË–~î°O#=∞ó 12
  • 13. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü *Ï#∞x– _»O #=∞ó QÆ∞ÖËÊù–_è»O #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^•OQÆ∞e =¸ÖË–}O #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^•O QÆ∞ź„ˆQ–`«O#=∞ó QÆ∞ź„ˆQ–`«O #=∞ó "å=∞áê^Œ=¸ÖË– ^èŒO#=∞ó *Ï#∞x¢^ŒO#=∞ó QÆ∞ÖËÊù–^èŒO #=∞ó "å=∞áê^•OQÆ∞e =¸ÖË#O–#=∞ó L^Œˆ~ Ü«∞O `«fiQÍ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó "å=∂O¿ã ~°OJã¨$QÍ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ^ŒHΔÍO¿ã–JO=∂O™ê`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k ^ŒHõΔHõ~åO`«O â◊O J™êκ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞Hõ~åO`«O +¨O =∞*Ï˚`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞Hõ~åO`«O ã¨O â◊√HÍ¡`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞áê^•O`«O–ǨÏO „áê}Ï`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞áê^•O`«O– à◊O r"å`«‡<Õ#=∞ó áê^•k ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂O`«O– HõΔѨ~°=∂`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k =¸~å÷O`«O. ѨOKå^Œâ◊^Œfi~°‚~°∂áêOK« HõѨ~°Ìâ◊â◊Éèí∂+¨}ÏO â◊√^Œúã¨Êù˜Hõ ã¨OHÍâßO â◊√^ŒúHΔ“=∞ q~ål`åO II =ÚHÍÎ~°`«fl ã¨∞Êù~°^Œ∂ƒùëêO [Ѩ=∂ÖÏO Hõ=∞O_»ÅO ѨÙã¨ÎHõO =~°^•#OK« a„ÉèífO Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fis"£∞ II 13 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 14. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü q^•º<åºã¨O SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ=∞}˜|O^èÕ– „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó `«ÖË–NO #=∞ó Hõˆ~–SO ã¨=∞ó "å=∞=∞}˜|O^èÕ–„Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó `«ÖË–NO #=∞óHõˆ~–SO#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔHõˆHΔ– „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ‰õÄ~°Êˆ~– NO #=∞ó áê}∫ – SO #=∞ó "å=∞HõˆHΔ–„Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó "å=∞‰õÄ~°Êˆ~ NO#=∞ó "å=∞áê}∫–SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^ŒHõˆHΔ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó *Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó áê^•„ˆQ–SO #=∞ó "å=∞áêK« HõˆHΔ º– „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó *Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó áê^•„ˆQ–SO#=∞ó eOˆQ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó ǨÏ$k NO#=∞ó <å^•O`Õ II 14
  • 15. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü #=Ü≥∂x<åºã¨O SO#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔHõˆ~‚ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó "å=∞‰õˆ~‚ NO#=∞ó z|∞ˆH SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔâ◊OMË „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó "å=∞â◊OMË NO#=∞ó =ÚMË SO#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ<Õ„`Õ „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó "å=∞<Õ„`Õ NO#=∞ó ‰õΩHΔ“–SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ*Ï#∞x „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó "å=∞*Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó "å=∞*Ï#∞x NO==∞ <åÉè∫ SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^Õ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó <å=∞áê^Õ NO #=∞ó "å=∞ *Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó HõOˆ~î II Ñ‘~î°<åºã¨O =¸Å^蕈~ P^è•~°â◊HõÎÜÕ∞ #=∞ó „ѨHõ$`≥º #=∞ó Hõ=∞~îåÜ«∞ #=∞ó– âıëêÜ«∞ #=∞ó Ѩ$kè"≥º #=∞ó ã¨∞^è•O |∞^茿ã #=∞ó– =∞}˜nfiáêÜ«∞ #=∞ó zO`å=∞}˜ QÆ$ǨÜ«∞ #=∞ó ~°`«fl "ÕkHÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó =∞}˜Ñ‘~îåÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó k‰õΔΩ <å<å=Úx QÆ}ËÉè’º #=∞ó ã¨=∞ã¨Î ^Õ"ÕÉè’º #=∞ó Ѩ^•‡Ü«∞#=∞ó „ѨHõ$u=∞Ü«∞ „Ѩ`«ºÜÕ∞Éè’º #=∞ó– qHõ$u=∞Ü«∞ ˆH㨈~Éè’º #=∞ó ѨOKåâ◊`ü 15 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 16. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü c[Éèí∂+≤`« Hõi‚HÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó ǨϙœO ã¨^•t= =∞Ǩ„¿Ñ`åã¨<åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó „|Ǩχq+¨μ‚ ~°∞„^Õâ◊fi~° ã¨^•t= =∞Ǩ„¿Ñ`« =∞Ǩ Ѩ^•‡ã¨<åÜ«∞ #=∞ó Ѩ~°=∞ t=Ѩ~°ºOHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞=∞O^Œ∞ `å<Õ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^ÕqQÍ ^蕺xOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. T~°úfi HõáêÅO _»=∞~°∞O „uâ◊¥ÅO ã¨Oa„Éèíf |^Œú HõàÏ=`«Oã¨O I Ñ≤OQÀ~°úfi ˆHj ã≤`«cè=∞^ŒO¢ëêì Éèí∂Ü«∂ kfiÉèí∂`≥º=∞=∞ Éèí„^ŒHÍo II „Ѩ`«ºOy~°#∞ =∂#™ÈѨKå~°=ÚÅ`À P~åkèOz Ü«∞^è•â◊H˜Î [ѨǨϟ=∞=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. P=~°}Ï~°Û# `«∂~°∞Ê# WO„^Œ N áê^Œ∞HÍ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ ##∞ó PˆQflÜ«∂O Jyfl Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ ##∞ó ^ŒH˜Δ}Ë Ü«∞=∞N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó– <≥·|∞∞`åºOx|∞∞u Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó ѨtÛ"Õ∞– =~°∞} N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó "åÜ«Ú"Õº "åÜ«ÚN áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó L`«Îˆ~ ‰õΩÉË~°Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó Dâß<Õº–Dâß# N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó WO„^Œ–Dâß#ºÜ≥∂~°‡^èÕº „|ǨχN áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó =~°∞} ~åHõΔã¨Ü≥∂~°‡^èÕº q+¨μ‚ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó, Wu ѨÓ*ÏÜÕ∞`ü, `«~°ÊÜÕ∞`ü II PÜ«Ú^èŒÑ¨Ó[–`«∂~°∞Ê "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ =„[N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó 16
  • 17. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü â◊H˜Î N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ^ŒO_»Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó áêâ◊N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ^èŒfi[Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó QÆ^•Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó „uâ◊¥Å N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó II „u=$`ÕÎ HÍÖÏ#O^Œ<å^èŒ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Ѩ~°=∞QÆ∞~°∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Ѩ~°=∂Kå~°º Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Ѩ~°"Õ∞+≤ª Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó k"Òº+¨μ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ã≤^Òú+¨μ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó =∂#"Ò+¨μ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ã¨fiQÆ∞~°∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó J+¨ì^ŒÖË+¨μ `«∂~°∞Ê#∞Oz JO Jã≤`åOQÆ Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII PO „ÉÏǑχ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó– WO ~°∞~°∞Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó DO =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó 17 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 18. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü LO K«O_»Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó TO H“=∂s N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII |∞∞O „HÀ^èŒÉèˇ·= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII |∞∂O "≥·+¨‚g N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ÅO L#‡`«ÎÉèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ÅO L#‡`«ÎÉèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ÖÏO "å~åÇ‘Ï N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó UO HõáêeÉèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó SO =∞¿ÇÏO„n NN áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII FO cè+¨}Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó BO Kå=Ú_® N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII JOã¨OǨ~° Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Jó <å~°~°ã≤OÇ¨Ï N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó „QÆOkè™êú<Õ+¨μ ѨtÛ=∞O #∞Oz – HÍ=∞~°∂Ѩ Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó =∞ÅÜ«∞yiÑ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Ö’ÖÏixÑ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó HÍÖÏO`«~°Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó KÀǨϟ~°Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó *ÏÅO^èŒ~°Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó L_ô¤Ü«∂#Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ^Õ=‰õÄ@Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó 18
  • 19. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü =$`«Î=∞O_»ÖË Ñ¨tÛ=∞O #∞Oz – T~°úfi=∞^èŒâ◊Û ¿ÇÏ~°∞Hõ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ÉèË`åà◊ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó „uѨÙ~åO`«Hõ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó JyfllǨfi Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó HÍÖÏO`«Hõ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Hõáêe Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó UHõáê^Œ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó cè=∞ ~°∂ѨÉèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó T~°úfiO–=∞ÅÜ«∞Éè̌·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó J^äŒó–Ǩ@ ˆHâ◊fi~° Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó J+¨ìÜ≥∂Ѩx+¨μ FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO ã¨ÎOaèh Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO HΔÀaè}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO „^•q}© Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO „ÉèÏq∞}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó FO SO „Ç‘ÏO ~“„k}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó FO SO „Ç‘ÏO ã¨OǨi}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó PˆQflÜÕ∞–FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Dâß<Õº FO SO „Ç‘ÏO t~°ó NO ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó <≥·|∞∞`åºO tMÏNáê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó "åÜ«∞"Õº FO SO „Ç‘ÏO t~°ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó 19 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 20. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü =∞^äÕº FO SO „Ç‘ÏO <Õ„`« Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó k‰õΔΩ FO SO „Ç‘ÏO JG Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó „uHÀ}Ë PˆQflÜÕ∞–FO SO „Ç‘ÏO JG Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Dâß<Õº–FO SO „Ç‘ÏO JG Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó aO^Ò =¸Å =ÚKåÛ~°º–NÉèˇ·~°= ã¨Ç≤Ï`åO N=∞`ü N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å Ѩ~å"å=∞áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó K«`«∞~°„¿ã ѨtÛ"Õ∞ – ÉÏO|@∞HõO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó L`«Îˆ~ – Ü«∂O Ü≥∂yhÉè’º #=∞ó Ѩӈ~fi – HΔÍO ˆHΔ„`«áêÖÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó ^ŒH˜Δ}Ë – QÆO QÆ}Ѩ`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó "åÜ«∞"Õº – =ã¨∞^è•Éè’º #=∞ó Dâß<Õº – ^•fi^Œâßk`ÕºÉè’º #=∞ó PˆQflÜÕ∞ – UHÍ^Œâ◊ ~°∞„^ÕÉè’º #=∞ó <≥·|∞∞`åºO – 㨈~fiÉè’º Éèí∂`ÕÉè’º #=∞ó ^Õqã¨q∂¿Ñ ^ŒHõΔǨϿãÎ Jã≤N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[ ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óI K«~°‡Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óI aO^Ò– =¸Å=∞O„`Õ} ^ÕgO ã¨OѨÓ[º. ã¨O`«~°Êº, =Ú„^•Oó „Ѩ^Œ~°≈º, =Ú„^•ó „Ѩ^Œ~°≈º, ѨÙëêÊO[e „`«ÜÕ∞} =∞#ã¨∞º~åº`ü II 20
  • 21. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ÃÇ˙=∞O JyflÜ«∞O^Œ∞–ÖË^• [Å=∞O^Œ∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å K«„HõO ÉèÏqOz– „áê}ÏÜ«∞™êfiǨ–Jáê<åÜ«∞ ™êfiǨ–"åº<åÜ«∞™êfiǨ–L^•<åÜ«∞ ™êfiǨ–ã¨=∂<åÜ«∞ ™êfiǨI Jx PǨï`«∞ezÛ, =¸Å=∞O„`«=Ú`À Ǩϟ=∞=Ú KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞, ã¨fiǨÏ$k qã¨$[º – Dâß<Õ =∞O_»ÅO Hõ$`åfi– ÉÏO|@∞HÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó U¿ÇϺÇ≤Ï ^ÕgѨل`« |@∞Hõ<å^èŒ HõÑ≤Å [ÏÉèÏ~° ÉèÏã¨fi~° „u<Õ„`« *ÏfiÖÏ=ÚY ã¨~°fiqѶ¨∂fl<£ <åâ◊Ü«∞ <åâ◊Ü«∞ ã¨~ÀfiѨKå~° ã¨Ç≤Ï`«O |eOQÆ$Ǩς™êfiǨ – PˆQflÜ«∂O– Ü≥∂yhÉè’º #=∞ó T~°úfiO „|Ǩ‡O_»`À"å kqQÆQÆ#`«ÖË Éèí∂`«ÖË x+¨¯ÖË"å áê`åàı "å`«ÖË"å Ѩ=#ã¨eÅÜ≥∂ Ü«∞„`« ‰õΩ„`«ã≤ú`À"åII ˆHΔ„`Õ Ñ‘~îÀÑ‘~îåk+¨μK« Hõ$`«Ñ¨^• ^èŒ∂ѨnáêkˆH# „Ñ‘`å^Õ=ºó ã¨^•#ó â◊√Éèí |eqkè<åáê`«∞ gˆ~O„^Œ =O^•ºII Ü«∂O Ü≥∂yhÉè’º #=∞ó ™êfiǨII ã¨~°fiÜ≥∂yh„Ç‘ÏO Ѷ¨ò™êfiǨ–Wu Ü≥∂yh |eII <≥·|∞∞`åºO–HΔÍOH©ΔO ‰õΔÄO ÔHΔÂO HΔ“O HõΔó ˆHΔ„`« áêÅ Ju|eã¨Ç≤Ï`«O |eO QÆ$ǨςQÆ$Ǩς ™êfiǨ II "åÜ«∞"Õº–QÍO wO QÆ∂O QÆ}Ѩ`«ÜÕ∞ =~°=~°^Œ ã¨~°fi[#O"Õ∞ =â◊=∂#Ü«∞ |eO QÆ$ǨςQÆ$Ǩς ™êfiǨ II Wu |eO ã¨=∞~°Êº–KèåQÍk |e=∞Ñ≤^Œ`åfi, QÆ∞~°∞ ^Õ"Òº ^蕺ܫ∞<£ Ü«∞^è•â◊H˜Î [ѨOHõ$`åfi QÆ∞ǨºuQÆ∞ǨϺ QÀ¢Ñ‘Î`«fiO QÆ$Ǩ}Ï㨇`«¯ $`«O [ѨO II ã≤k÷~°ƒù=`«∞ "Õ∞kq N=∞¢`«Ê`«ºOyˆ~ t"Õ II 21 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 22. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü Wu `Õ*’=∞Ü«∞O [ѨѶ¨ÅO ^Õg "å=∞ǨϿãÎã¨=∞~°Êº Hõ=K«–ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ Ѩiî`åfi ™êëêìOQÆO „Ѩ}˜Ñ¨`«º, „Ѩ^Œ H˜Δ}©Hõ$`«º, âßOuO Ѩiî`åfi–Dâß<Õº x~åºÖ˺# x~å‡Åº"åã≤<≥º #=∞ó Wu ã¨OѨÓ[º *Ï„QÆ`ü ã¨fiѨflã¨∞+¨μѨκ=™ê÷ã¨∞ =∞#™ê"åKå Ѩ^•ƒùºO L^Œˆ~} tâßfl„áê}^ÕÇ¨Ï ^èŒ~å‡k HÍ~°}`À Ü«ÚHõÎO, Ü«∞`ü Hõ$`«O `«`«û~°fiO=∞nÜ«∞O N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å K«~°}Ë ã¨=∞~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î FO `«`ü ã¨`ü I Wu ã¨=∞~°Êº ã¨∞YO qǨψ~`ü II „Ѩ`«ºOy~åHõ=K«O J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å Hõ=K«=∞O„`«ã¨º t"À|∞∞+≤ó II q~åò Kè«O^ŒóII Ѩ~åâ◊H˜Î [QÆ^•ú„f „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`å ^èŒ~å‡~°ú HÍ=∞"≥∂ˆHΔ+¨μ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II „Ѩ}=O"Õ∞ t~°óáê`«∞ "åQƃù=OK« ÅÖÏ@HõO „Ç‘ÏOáê`«∞ ^ŒHõΔ<Õ„`«O"Õ∞ ÅH©Δ ‡~åfi=∞O ã¨∞ˆ~â◊fis I „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^ŒHõΔHõ~°‚O "å"Õ∞HÍ"Õ∞â◊fis `«^è• ÅH˜;„áê}O ã¨^•áê`«∞ |O^èŒ#Oáê`«∞ ˆHâ◊=óI Q“s`«∞ ~°ã¨<åOáê`«∞ HõO~î°Oáê`«∞ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°ó 㨯O^èŒ^Õâ◊O ~°uóáê`«∞ Éèí∞*∫`«∞ =∞Hõ~°^èŒfi[ó II â◊OYO xkèHõ~°óáê`«∞ =HõΔóѨ^Œ‡xkè ã¨Î^è• „ÉÏǑχ =∞^茺O ã¨^•áê`«∞ <åaèOáê`«∞ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis II H“=∂s Ѩ$+¨ª^Õâ◊O`«∞ QÆ∞ǨϺO ~°HõΔ`«∞ "≥·+¨‚g "å~åÇ‘ÏK« Hõ˜Oáê`«∞ K≥·O„náê`«∞ Ѩ^Œ^ŒfiÜ«∞O I ÉèÏ~åºO~°HõΔ`«∞ Kå=ÚO_® ÅH©;~°HõΔ`«∞ Ѩل`«HÍ<£ WO„^Œó Ѩӈ~fiã¨^•áê`«∞ <≥·|∞∞`åº x|∞∞u ã¨Î^è• Ü«∂"Õ∞º Ü«∞=∞óã¨^•áê`«∞ <≥· |∞∞`åº x|∞∞u ã¨Î^è• Ñ¨tÛ"Õ∞ =~°∞}óáê`«∞ "åÜ«∞"åºO "åÜ«Ú^Õ=`å II ™œ=∂ºO ™È=∞óã¨^•áê`«∞ K≥·âß<Õº Dâ◊fiˆ~ qÉèí∞ó 22
  • 23. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü T~°úfiO „Ѩ*ÏѨuóáê`«∞ ǨϺ^èŒâßÛ#O`« ^Õ=`åII ~å[^•fiˆ~ â◊‡âß<ÕK« J~°}˺ „áêO`«ˆ~ `«^è• [ÖËã¨÷ÖË KåO`«iˆHΔ â◊„`«∂}ÏO x=¿ÇÏ `«^è• II U`åaèã¨ûÇ≤Ï`å^Õg K«`«∞sƒ*Ï =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞Ǩâ◊H˜Îó ã¨~°fi„`«=∂O ã¨^•=`«∞ I Wu`Õ Hõkè`«O ^Õq ™ê~å`åû~°O Ѩ~å`«Ê~°O ã¨~åfi~°ú ™ê^èŒ#O <å=∞Hõ=K«O Ѩ~°=∂^Œ∞ƒù`«O II J™êºÑ≤ Ѩ~î°<å`«û^Œºó ‰õΩÉË~ÀÑ≤ ^èŒ<Õâ◊fi~°ó WO„^•^•ºó ã¨HõÖÏ^Õ"åó ^èŒ~°}Ï`«Ê~î°<å^Œº`«ó II 8 ^Àã≤à◊§`À ѨÙëêÊO[e ã¨=∞iÊOz, =¸Å =∞O„`«=Ú [Ñ≤Oz, Hõ=K«OѨiîOz 1 ã¨O=`«û~°=Ú „Ѩ`«ºOy~°#∞ JiÛOz#KÀ ^èŒ#ÖÏÉèíO HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. `«Åz#Ѩ#∞Å∞ <≥~°"Õ~°∞#∞ Hõ=K«^è•~°} ѨÙ~°∞+¨μÅ∞ ‰õΩ_çÉèí∞[=Ú#‰õΩ, ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ Z_»=∞ Éèí∞[=Ú#‰õΩ ^èŒiOKåe. ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ ™œÉèÏQƺ=Ú#∞, Ѩل`«ã¨O`«ux á⁄O^≥^Œ~°∞. Hõ=K«Ñ¨~î°#=Ú KÕÜ«∞x^Õ. [Ѩ=Ú KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. „Ѩ`«ºOy~åã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O J㨺 N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™È΄`« =∞O„`«ã¨º Éèˇ·~°= |∞∞+≤óI J#∞+¨μìÑπ K«O^Œó II „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åII „Ç‘ÏOc[O– Nâ◊H˜Îó– ™êfiǨH©ÅHõOI ã¨~°fiã¨OѨ`ü „áêѨÎÜÕ∞ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II ^蕺#O: PâßO|~å =ÚHõÎHõKå Ѷ¨∞#K«Ûùqó ^èպܫ∂ ã¨K«~å‡ã≤Hõ~å qÉèí∂+≤}Ï II ^ŒO¢ëÈì„QÆ =HÍ΄QÆã≤`å Ç≤Ï`«`«fiÜ«∂ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å â◊OHõ~° `Õ[¿ãi`å II ^Õg „Ѩ`«ºOy~å¿ã"åº t~°™ê â◊tâıY~å ã¨=∞=∂™ê ^èŒ~°‡}©K« ã¨=∞ã¨Î ã¨∞~°N=Úd II 23 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 24. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ã¨~°fiã¨OѨuÎ [#h ã¨=∞^• ã≤O^èŒ∞¿ãqh â◊√OÉèí ã≤=∞Ouh ™È=∂~å^蕺 K«=ã¨∞^è•~°™ê I ~°™ê~°ã¨=f "ÕàÏ =<åºK« =#=∂eh =#*ÏH˜Δ =#K«s =h=# q<Àkx II "Õyh "ÕQÆ^•"Õâ◊ |Å™ê~å [ÖÏkèHÍ HõàÏHõàÏ„Ñ≤Ü«∂ H“mHÀ=∞ÖÏHÍÅ HÍq∞h II Hõ=∞ÖÏ Hõ=∞ÖÏ™êºK« HõÅ™êº Hõ=∞ÖÏ=f ‰õΩb<å ‰õΩ˜ÖÏHÍO`å HÀH˜ÖωõΩÅ ÉèÏ+≤}˜II H©~°ˆHeó HõàÏHÍm Hõáêe#ºÑ≤ HÍoHÍ ˆHth K«‰õΩâß=~åÎ H“âßOc ˆHâ◊=„Ñ≤Ü«∂ II HÍj HÍâßѨǨ HÍOj â◊OHÍâß ˆHâ◊^•~Úh ‰õΩO_»b ‰õΩO_»b™êúK« ‰õΩO_»ÖÏOQÆ^Œ =∞O_ç`å II ‰õΩâßáêj ‰õΩ=Ú^Œ∞h ‰õΩ=Ú^Œ „Ñ‘u=~°úh ‰õΩO^Œ„Ñ≤Ü«∂ ‰õΩO^Œ~°∞zó ‰õΩ~°OQÆ =∞^Œ=∂kh I ‰õΩ~°OQÆ #Ü«∞<å ‰õΩO^• ‰õΩ~°∞=$O^•aè #Okh ‰õΩã¨∞OÉèí ‰õΩã¨∞=∂ H˜Oz`ü Hõfi}u¯OH˜}˜HÍ Hõ@∞ó II Hõ~îÀ~å Hõ~°}ÏHõO~îå H“=Ún HõO|∞HõOiîh HõѨiÌh HõѨ˜h Hõiîh HÍÅHõOiîHÍ II ‰õΩã¨∞=∂¢™êÎ ‰õΩ=∂sK« ‰õΩ~°∞O^• ‰õΩã¨∞=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂ ‰õΩO[~°™êú ‰õΩO[~°`å ‰õΩOaè‰õΩOÉèí ã¨Î#^ŒfiÜ«∂ II ‰õΩOÉèíQÍ Hõ~°Éè’~°∞â◊Û Hõ^Œm ^Œà◊âß~Úx ‰õΩÑ≤`å HÀ~°Hõ™ê÷ HõOHÍm ^ŒOÉèíâı^Œ~å II UHÍO`« "åã≤h H˜Oz`«¯O Ѩ=∂# t~À~°∞Ǩ HÍ^ŒO|s Hõ^ŒO|™ê÷ HõOHÍm ^ŒOÉèíâı~å II 24
  • 25. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ‰õΩ@∞Oah „Ñ≤Ü«∂Ü«ÚHÍÎ „Hõ`«∞ó„Hõ`«∞Hõs„H˜Ü«∂ HÍ`åº~Úh Hõ$uÎHÍK« HÍiΈHÜ«∞ „Ѩ=iÎh II HÍ=∞Ѩffl HÍ=∞^è•„f HÍ"Õ∞j HÍ=∞=Ok`å HÍ=∞~°∂áê HÍ=∞QÆuó HÍ=∂H©Δ HÍ=∞"≥∂Ç≤Ï`åII Y_çæh MËK«s YO*Ï YO[s >ËHõΔ}Ï YÖÏ Y~°QÍ Y~°<å™êK« Y~å™êº MËÅ#„Ñ≤Ü≥∂ II Y~åOâ◊√ó M˘hYÏfi Y~°YÏfiOQÆ ^è•i}˜ YÅYO_çx qMϺuó YO_ç`å YO_»gã≤÷~å II YO_»„Ñ≤Ü«∂ YO_»MÏ^•º¿ãO^Œ∞ YO_®OK« YO_çh QÆOQÍ QÀ^•=sQ“s Q“=∞`åºÑ≤K« QÀ`«q∂ II QÆÜ«∂Q“ sK«QÆQÆ<å QÍ~°∞_ô QÆ~°∞_»^èŒfi*Ï w`åw`« „Ñ≤Ü«∂QÀ„`« QÀ„`«HõΔÜ«∞Hõs QÆ^• II yiÉèí∂áêÅ ^Œ∞Ç≤Ï`å QÀQÍQÀ‰õΩÅ =iúh Ѷ¨∞#ã¨Îh Ѷ¨∞#~°∞z Ѷ¨∞<À~°∞ Ѷ¨∞#xóã¨fi<å II Ѷ¨∞`å¯i}˜ Ѷ¨∂`«Hõs Ѷ¨∞Ѷ¨¸Hõ Ѩi"åi`å Ѷ¨∞OÏ<å^Œ„Ñ≤Ü«∂ Ѷ¨∞OÏѶ¨∞<å Ѷ¨∞’@Hõ"åÇ≤Ïh Ѷ¨∞Á~°~°∂áêK« Ѷ¨∞’~åK« Ѷ¨∞h„Ñ‘u~°…<åO[h Ѷ¨∞$`åp Ѷ¨∞#=Ú+≤ìâ◊Û Ñ¶¨∞ÏѶ¨∞OÏ Ñ¶¨∞Ï=∞$`å II Ѷ¨∞Ï™êº Ñ¶¨∞@<å^≥ºâ◊Û Ñ¶¨∂`«áê`« x"åi}˜ K«OK«sHÍ K«HÀsK« Kå=Ú_® p~°^è•i}© II Kå`«∞s K«Ñ¨ÖÏKå~°∞â◊ÛÖÏ KÕÖÏK«ÖÏK«ÖÏ K«`«∞tÛ~°O`« <åKå~å KèåÜ«∂Kåq∂ Hõ~°K«Ûùqó II KåÑ≤h K«Ñ¨ÖÏ K«OѨÓtÛO`å zO`å=∞}˜tÛ`å K«`«∞~°fi~°‚=∞~¸ K«OK«KÕÛ~å KåѨK«=∞`«¯ $uó II 25 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 26. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü K«„Hõ=iÎ =^èŒ∂â◊Û„HÍ K«„HÍOQÍ K«„Hõ"≥∂kh KÕ`«â◊Ûs z`«Î=$uÎ ~°KÕ`å KÕ`«#„Ѩ^• I Kå`«∞s K«OѨHõ „Ñ‘uâ◊ÛO_ô K«O_®Å"åã≤h z~°Orq `«^•z`åÎ `«~°∞=¸Å x"åã≤h II Kè«iHÍ K«„`«=∞^䌺™êú zè„^•KèÕ^Œ Hõszè^• Kè«∞K«∞ÛùO^Œs Ѩńáêu K«∞ÛùO^ŒH© ÉèíxÉèíã¨fi<å II Kè«eh Kè«Å=zÛù<åfl zè˜HÍ KèÕHõHõ$`«Î^è• Kè«k‡h KèåO^Œã‘KèåÜ«∂ KèåÜ«∂Hõ$¢KåÛùk ~°`«ºÑ≤ I [Ü«∂K« [Ü«∞^• *Ïu[$Oaèh *Ï=∞ÖÏÜ«Ú`å [Ü«∂ ѨÙ+¨Ê„Ñ≤Ü«∂ *ÏÜ«∂*ÏѨº *ÏѨº [QÆ[˚xó I [O|∂„Ñ≤Ü«∂ [Ü«∞™êúK« [OQÆ=∂ [OQÆ=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂ [O`«∞[O`«∞ „Ѩ^è•<åK« [QÆ`«¯~å‚ [~°^Œæ"å II *Ïf„Ñ≤Ü«∂ r=#™êú r=¸`« ã¨^Œ$â◊K«Ûùqó [<åº[# Ç≤Ï`å*ÏÜ«∂ [OÉèí[OaèÅ âßeh II [=^• [==^•fiǨ [=∂h [fi~°Ç¨ [fis ~°≠O~°≠Ï hÅ=∞~¸ ~°≠O~°≠Ï~°≠} `å¯~°Hõ~åK«ÖÏ s≠O©âß ~°≠㨺Hõ$`ü ~°≠OáêÜ«∞=∞„`å㨠x"åã¨h @OHÍ~°™ê÷ @OHõ^èŒ~å @OHÍ~å HÍ~°}Ï@g II ~î°‰õΩ~åsî Hõ$uâ‹ÂÛ= iîOsî~° =ã¨<å=$`å ~î°O~îå hÅ=∞~¸ ~î°O~îå ~î°}`å¯~° Hõ~å~î°™ê II _®H˜h _®=∞~åK≥·= _çO_ç=∞^èŒfix <åkh _è»Hͯ„Ñ≤Ü«∞ ã¨fi<å_è»Hͯ `«Ñ≤h`åÑ≤h`«^ä• II `«~°∞}© `«∞OkÖÏ`«∞O^• `å=∞ã‘K« `«Ñ¨ó„Ñ≤Ü«∂ `å„=∂ `å„=∂O|~å `åm `åm ^Œà◊xÉèí∂+≤}˜ I 26
  • 27. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `«∞~°OQÍ `«fii`å`À`å `À`«ÖÏ `åkh`«∞ÖÏ `åѨ„`«Ü«∞ ǨÏ~°`å~å `åà◊ˆHj `«=∂eh II ~å=∞ã‘K« uq∞„™êK« f„"åf„= Ѩ~å„Hõ=∂ II `«@™êúuÅ `≥·ÖÏHÍÎ`åi}© `«Ñ¨#^Œ∞ºuó uÖ’`«Î=∂ uÅHõHõ$`åÎ~°HÍ ^Õâ◊âıY~å II uÅѨÙ+¨Ê „Ñ≤Ü«∂`å~å `å~°ˆHâ◊ ‰õΩ@∞Oah ™êú}∞Ѩffl ã≤ú`«Hõs Ѷ¨Å™ê÷ ã¨úÅ=iúh II ã≤úuÃãÂú~åº ã¨úqëêªK« ã¨úѨuó ã¨∂úÅ q„QÆǨ ^ŒOuh ^ŒO_çhn<å ^Œi„^• n#=`«ûÖÏ ñ ^Õg^Õ= =^èŒ∂^≥·`«º ^Œq∞h ^ŒO`«Éèí∂+¨}Ï ^ŒÜ«∂=f ^Œ=∞=f ^Œ=∞^è•^• _ç=∞ã¨÷h ^ŒO^Œâ◊¥Hõ xÉèÏ^≥·`«º^•i}© ^Õ=`å#<å ^ÀÖÏ„H©_® ^ŒÖÏÜ«Úâ◊Û ^ŒOѨf ^Õ=`å=∞~¸ ^ŒâßnѨ ã≤÷`å^Àëê ^À+¨Ç¨ ^À+¨HÍi}© ^Œ∞~åæ^Œ∞~åæiÎ â◊=∞h ^Œ∞~°æ=∂ ^Œ∞~°æ"åã≤h ^Œ∞~°æO^èŒ <åth ^Œ∞ó™ê÷ ^Œ∞óã¨fiѨflâ◊=∞ HÍi}© ^Œ∞~åfi~å ^Œ~°Ç¨^•„f ^ŒÜ«∂^• ^Œ∞Ç≤Ï`å^Œâß ^èŒ∞~°O^èŒ~å ^èŒ∞s}ÏK« ^èÒˆ~~¸ ^èŒ#^•~Úx I nè~ånè~å ^èŒi„fK« ^èŒ~°‡^• nè~°=∂#<å ^èŒ#∞~°ú~åK« ^èŒq∞h^äŒ∂~åÎ ^èŒ∂~°Î Ѩi„QÆǨ II ^èŒ∂=∞=~å‚ ^èŒ∂=∞áê<å ^èŒ∂=∞ÖÏ ^èŒ∂=∞"≥∂kh #eh #Okh#O^• #Okh #O^ŒÉÏeHÍ II #g<å #~°‡^•#s‡ <Õq∞iflÜ«∞=∞ xâ◊ÛÜ«∂ x~°‡ÖÏ xQÆ=∂KåÖÏ, x=∞flQÍ, #yflHÍ xq∞ó 27 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 28. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü <åÖÏ x~°O`«~åxѶ‘∞fl x~À¡áê x~°∞æ}À#uó hÅ„w"å xsǨK« x~°O[# [h#g #=h`« „Ñ≤Ü«∂hs #~°HÍ~°‚= `åi}© <å~åÜ«∞}© x~åHÍ~å xѨÙ}Ï xѨÙ}„Ñ≤Ü«∂ xâßx„^• #ˆ~O„^Œ™ê÷ #q∞`å #q∞`åÑ≤K« x~°∞æO_çHÍ K« x~°∞æO_® x~å‡O™ê<åã≤HÍaè^è• II Ѩ`åH˜h Ѩ`åHÍK« Ѩńёu Ü«∞â◊ã≤fih Ñ‘<å Ñ‘# ã¨Î<åѨffl, Ѩ=<åâ◊# âß~Úh II Ѩ~åѨ~å HõàÏáêHÍ áêHõHõ$`«º ~°u„Ñ≤Ü«∂ Ѩ=#™ê÷ ã¨∞Ѩ=<å `åѨ㑠„Ñ‘u=~°úh II Ѩâ◊√=$kú HõsѨÙ+≤ìó áÈ+¨}© ѨÙ+≤ì=i÷h II ѨÙ+≤ì}© ѨÙã¨ÎHõHõ~å ѨÙ<åflQÆ `«Å"åã≤h II ѨÙ~°O^Œ~°„Ñ≤Ü«∂ „Ñ‘uó ѨÙ~°=∂~°æx"åã≤h ¿Ñâßáêâ◊Hõ~å áêâ◊|O^èŒÇ¨ áêOâ◊√ÖÏѨâ◊√ó I ѨÏѨÏâß Ñ¨~°â◊√^è•i}© HÍth`«^è• áêѨѶ‘∞fl ѨuѨfflK« Ѩu`å-Ѩu`åÑ≤ K« II Ñ≤âßp K« Ñ≤âßK«Ñ¶‘∞fl Ñ≤t`åâ◊# `À+≤`å áê#^• áê#áê„`åK« áê#^•# Hõ~À^Œº`å II ¿Ñëê„Ѩã≤kúó Ñ‘Ü«¸ëê ѨÓ~å‚ѨÓ~°‚=∞<À~°^è• Ñ¨`«^Œæ~åƒù Ѩ`«^•æ„`å áœ#ó ѨÙ#ºÑ≤, "å, ѨÙ~å II ѨOH˜ÖÏ Ñ¨OHõ=∞QÍflK« áêq∂ áêѨO[~°ã≤ú`å ѨOK«=∂ ѨOK«Ü«∂=∂K« ѨOK«`å ѨOK«=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂ II ѨOK«=Ú„^• ѨÙO_»sHÍ Ñ≤OQÆàÏ Ñ≤OQÆÖ’K«<å „Ñ≤Ü«∞OQÆ∞=∞OVs Ñ≤O_çѨO_ç`å áêO_»∞~°„ѨÉèÏ II 28
  • 29. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü „¿Ñ`åã¨<å „Ñ≤Ü«∂à◊√™ê÷ áêO_»∞Ѷ≤∞fl Ñ≤`«™ê#Ǩ Ѷ¨eh Ѷ¨Å^•„fK« Ѷ¨ÅN Ѷ¨}˜Éèí∂+¨}Ï II ѨÓ`å¯~°HÍi}© ™êÊù~å Ѷ¨ÙšѨÙÖÏ¡O|∞ [ã¨<å Ѷ≤~°OQÆǨã‘Ê`«=∞uó ã≤Êùuó ã‘ÊùuHõs`«^è• II =#=∂Ü«∂ |ÖÏ~åu~°ƒeh |Å=iúh "Õ}∞"å^•º =#K«s gˆ~j [#~¸JÑ≤ II q^•ºq^•º„Ѩ^• q^•ºÉ’kèh "Õ^Œ^•~Úh |∞^èŒ=∂`åK« |∞^•úK« =#=∂ÖÏ=b =~å II =~°^• "å~°∞}© g}Ïg}Ï"å^Œ# `«`«Ê~å q<Àkh q<À^Œ™êú "≥·+¨‚g q+¨μ‚=Å¡ÉèÏ II q^•º"≥·^Œº zH˜`åûK« q=âß qâ◊fiqâ◊$`å q`«O„^• qǨÏfiÖÏ"ÕÖÏ q~å"å q~°u[fi~å II qq^è•~°¯ Hõ~å g~åaOÉ’+‘ª aO|=`«ûÖÏ qO^茺™êú g~°=O^•ºK« =sÜ«∂#Ѩ~åK« q`ü II "Õ^•O`«"Õ^•º "≥·^•ºK« "Õ^Œã¨º q[Ü«∞„Ѩ^• q~À^èŒ=i÷h =O^蕺 =O^蕺 |O^èŒ x"åi}© II Éèí~Úh ÉèíQÆ=∂ÖÏK« Éèí"åh ÉèíÜ«∞ÉèÏqh cè=∂cè=∂#<å Éèˇ·q∂ ÉèíOQÆ∞~å cèÉèíÜ«∂ѨǨ ÉèíQÆã¨iÊ}º Ñ≤ÉèíQÍ ÉèíQÆ~°∂áê ÉèíQÍÅÜ«∂ II ÉèíQÍã¨<å ÉèíQÍ"≥∂^• ÉèËs^ŒOHÍ~° ~°O[h cè+¨}Ï cè+¨}Ï ~å"å ÉèíQÆ=`«ºÑ≤ Éèí∂+¨}Ï Éèí~°^•fir Éè’QÆ^•„f Éèí=Ѷ‘∞fl Éèí∂`«Éèí∂+¨}Ï Éèí∂u^• Éèí∂q∞^è•„fK« Éèí∂Ѩu`«fi „Ѩ^•~Úh I „Éèí=∞s „ÉèÏ=∞s hÖÏÉèí∂áêÅ =∞‰õΩ@ã≤ú`å =∞`å=∞<ÀǨÏ~°=∞}Ï =∂xh "≥∂Ç≤Ïh=∞Ç‘Ï II 29 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 30. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü =∞ǨÅH©Δ ~°‡^ŒH©ΔÉèÏ =∞nÜ«∞ =∞#ã≤ã≤÷`å =∞^À^Œú`å =∞^ŒOQÆ™ê÷ =∂^èŒg =∞^èŒ∞#Okh II "Õ∞Ѷ¨∂ "Õ∞Ѷ¨∞Hõs"Õ∞^蕺 =∞^蕺=∞^茺 =Ü«∞ã≤ú`å =∞^Œºáê =∂Oã¨ÖÏ =∞`«ûº"≥∂kh "≥∞ÿ^èŒ∞<À^Œ÷`å =Ú^• =Ú„^•=f=∂`å =∞Ü«∂ =∞Ç≤Ï=∞ =∞Ok~å II =∞Ǩ=∂Ü«∂ =∞Ǩq^•º =∞Ǩ=∂s =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis I =∞Ǩ^Õ= =^èŒ∂=∂<åº =∞^èŒ∞~å g~°=∞O_»ÖÏ "Õ∞^Œã≤fih q∂Å#N =∞Ç≤Ïëêã¨∞~° =∞iúh I =∞O_»Ñ¨™ê÷ =∞~î°™êúK« =∞k~åQÆ=∞ QÆifi`å "≥∂HõΔ^• =ÚO_»=∂ÖÏK« =∂ÖÏ=∂ÖÏ qÖÏã≤h II =∂`«OyhK« =∂`«Ow =∞`«OQÆ`« #Ü«∂Ñ≤K« =∞^èŒ∞„ã¨"å =∞^èŒ∞~°ã¨ =∞^èŒ∂Hõ ‰õΩã¨∞=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂ II Ü«∂q∞h Ü«∂q∞h<å^ä•Éèí∂ëê Ü«∂=Hõ~°Ol`å Ü«∞"åO‰õΩ~° „Ñ≤Ü«∂=∂Ü«∂ Ü«∞=hÜ«∞=<åaèáê II Ü«∞=∞Ѷ‘∞fl Ü«∞=∞Hõ<åºK« Ü«∞[=∂# ã¨fi~°∂Ñ≤}© Ü«∞*Ï˝Ü«∞*Ïfi Ü«∞A~°º*Ïfi Ü«∞â’xHõ~°HÍi}© II Ü«∞[˝=∂„`å „Ñ¨^•*˺ëêª Ü«∞[˝Hõ~°‡ Hõs`«^è• Ü«∞â◊ã≤fih, Ü«∞HÍ~°™êú, Ü«¸Ñ¨ã¨ÎOÉèí x"åã≤h II ~°Ol`å ~å[ѨfflK« ~°=∂ˆ~MÏ ~°"Õ~°}© ~°*’=f ~°[tÛ„`å ~°[h ~°[hѨuó II ~åy}© ~å[ºh ~å[º ~å[º^•~å[º=~°úh ˆ~`À =f ~°`À `åûǨ ~ÀQÆǨÏ$„^ÀQÆǨi}© II ~°OQÍ ~°OQÆ=f ~åQÍ~åQÆ*Ï˝ ~åQÆHõ$„^Œ}Ï ~°OlHÍ ~°OlHÍ~°O*Ï ~°O[h ~°HõÎÖ’K«<å II 30
  • 31. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ~°HõÎK«~°‡^èŒ~å ~°O*Ï~° HõΙêú ~°HõÎ"åkh ~°OÉèÏ~°OÉèí Ѷ¨Å„Ñ‘f ~°OÉè’~°∂ ~åѶ¨∞=„Ñ≤Ü«∂II ~°OQÆÉèí$„^ŒOQÆ =∞^èŒ∞~å~À^Œã‘ ~À^Œã‘„QÆǨ ~À^èŒHõ$„^Œ^èŒ Ç¨ÏO„fK« ~ÀQÆÉèí$„^ÀQÆ âß~Úh II =On |Okã¨∞Î`å|O^è• |O^èŒ∂Hõ ‰õΩã¨∞=∂^èŒ~å =Ok`å =Ok`å=∂`å qO^Œ∞~å "≥·O^Œg q^è• qOH© qOHõѨÖÏ qOHÍ qOHõ™êú qOHõ=`«ûÖÏ =kifiÅQÍfl q„áêK« qkèifikèHõs q^è• II â◊OYh â◊OYxÅÜ«∂ â◊OY=∂ÖÏ=fâ◊q∂ â◊Odáê„`åâ◊x â◊OMÏ â◊OMÏ â◊OYQÆÖÏâ◊j â◊Og â◊~å=f âߺ=∂âߺ=∂Ow âߺ=∞Ö’K«<å â◊‡âß#™ê÷ â◊‡âß<åK« â◊‡âß#ã¨ú ÅÉèí∂+¨}Ï â◊=∞^• â◊=∞ǨÏO„f Kè«âßH˜h â◊O‰õΩâıY~å âßOu âßOu„Ѩ^• âıëêâı+¨™êú âı+¨^•~Úh II âı=Ú+‘ â’+≤}©â∫s â∫ió âß~åºâ◊~å tió âßѨǨ âßѨǨhâ◊ â◊Oáêâ◊Ѩ^äŒ ^•~Úh II â◊$Oy}© â◊$OQÆѶ¨ÅÉèí∞H± â◊OHõs â◊OHõsK«Ü«∂ â◊OHÍ â◊OHÍѨǨã¨O™ê÷ âßâ◊fif j`«ÖÏt"å II t=™ê÷ â◊=Éèí∞HÍÎ "åt= =~å‚t"À^Œs âß~Úh âß=â◊Ü«∞<å tOâ◊áê tâ◊√áêeh II â◊=‰õΩO_»ehâ‹·"å â◊OHõ~å tt~åt~å â◊= HÍOpâ◊=„jHÍ â◊==∂ÖÏâ◊"åHõ$uó II â◊Ü«∞h â◊O‰õΩ"åâ◊H˜Îó â◊O`«#∞ó jÅ^•~Úh ã≤O^èŒ∞ó ã¨~°ã¨fifã≤O^èŒ∞ó ã¨∞O^Œs ã¨∞O^Œ~å#<å II 31 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 32. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ™ê^èŒ∞ó ã≤k÷ó ã≤^•ú^è•„f ã≤^•úã≤^Œú ã¨~°ã¨fif ã¨O`«uó ã¨OѨ^• ã¨OѨ`ü ã¨Oq`ü ã¨~°u^•~Úh II ã¨Ñ¨ffl ã¨~°™ê™ê~å ã¨~°ã¨fif NHõsã¨fi^è• ã¨~°ó ™ê÷ã¨=∂<åK« ™ê~å^蕺 ™ê=∞QÆã¨Î^è• II ã¨q∞^•÷ ã¨=∞^• ã¨O=∂ã¨"≥∂‡Ç¨ ã¨=∞^Œ~°≈<å ã¨q∞uó ã¨q∞^è•ã‘=∂ ã¨q„f ã¨q^è•ã¨f II ã¨=`å ã¨=<å^•~å ™ê=<å ã¨=∞~åã¨q∂ ã≤q∞~å ã¨`«`å™ênèfi 㨄nèzO`«º ã¨Ç¨~Úh II ǨÏO㑠ǨÏOã¨QÆu ~°›O™ê ǨÏO™È[fiÅ xKÀÅÜ«ÚH± ǨÏeh ǨÏÅ^•Ç¨ÖÏ Ç¨Ï~°N ǨÏ~°=Å¡ÉèÏ II ¿ÇÏÖÏ¿ÇÏÖÏ=f ¿ÇÏëê „¿ÇÏ+¨™ê÷ „¿ÇÏ+¨=i÷h ǨÏO`å ǨÏOu~°›`å ǨÏ`åºÇ¨ ǨÏO`«`«Ñ¨Ç¨i}© II ǨÏOHÍs ǨÏO`«Hõ$^ŒúOQÍ Ç‘ÏǨǨ`å ǨÏ`åǨÏ`å ¿ÇÏ=∞„Ѩ^• ǨÏOã¨Ñ¨f ǨsǨ`«i ã¨O=∞`å II ǨϟsǨϟ„f ǨϟeHÍK« Ǩϟ=∂Ǩϟ"≥∂ ǨÏq~°›ió II ǨÏi }©Ç¨Ïi}©<Õ„`å Ç≤Ï=∂K«Å x"åã≤h I ÅOÉ’^Œs ÅO|Hõ~å‚ ÅOaHÍ ÅO|q„QÆǨ bÖÏ Ö’ÖÏ=fÖ’ÖÏ ÅÅh Åe`åÅ`å II ÅÖÏ=∞ Ö’K«<åÖ’K«º Ö’ÖÏH©Δ ÅHõΔ}ÏÅÖÏ ÅOѨf Å∞OѨfÅOáê ֒Ѩ=Ú„^• ÅÅOuh II ÅOuHÍ ÅO|HÍÅOÉÏ ÅѶ≤∞=∂ ÅѶ¨Ú=∞^茺=∂ ÅѶ≤∞Ü«∞ã‘ ÅѶ¨Ú^Œ~¸ Å∂`åÅ∂`« x"åi}© II Ö’=∞Éèí$Ö’¡=∞ Å∞áêÎK« Å∞Å∞f Å∞Å∞ã¨OÜ«∞f Å∞ÖÏÜ«∞™êú K«ÅǨs ÅOHÍѨÙ~° ѨÙ~°O^Œs II 32
  • 33. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ÅH˜; ÅH©;„Ѩ^• ÅHΔ͇ºÅHõΔ |Åq∞u„Ѩ^• ‰õΔΩ}Ï‚‰õΔΩáê HõΔ}ÏH˜Δ}Ï HõΔ=∂HΔÍOuó HõΔ}Ï=f II HΔÍ=∂HΔÍ "≥∂^ŒsH˜Δ=∂ HΔ“=∞Éèí$`ü HõΔ„uÜ«∂OQÆ<å HõΔÜ«∂HõΔÜ«∂Hõs H©Δ~åH©Δ~°^•H©Δ~° ™êQÆ~å ˆHΔ=∞OHõs HõΔÜ«∞Hõs HõΔÜ«∞`«`ü HõΔ}^•HõΔuó ‰õΔΩ~°Of ‰õΔΩ„kHÍ ‰õΔΩ„^•‰õΔΩ`ü HΔÍ=∂HõΔ~° áê`«HÍ II =∂`«∞ó ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å"Õ∞^ŒO „Ѩ`«ºOy~åºó „Ѩ^•Ü«∞HõO Ü«∞óѨˆ~î`ü „Ѩܫ∞`À x`«ºO ã¨U=™êº #‡ ¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°ó II Ѷ¨Åâ◊$u–D ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ Ѩ~î°#O=Å¡ ^Œi„^Œ∞_»∞ ^èŒ#=O`«∞ _»QÆ∞#∞. "åH˜ûkú–P~ÀQƺ=Ú–ã¨O`å#=Ú–H©iΠѨ^Œq–â◊`«$[Ü«∞O ÅaèOK«∞#∞. ã¨HõÅ HÍ=∞º=ÚÅ∞ ã≤kúOK«∞#∞. ~å„uÜ«∞O^Œ∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O <åÅ∞QÆ∞ =∂~°æ=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ‰õÄ_»eÜ«∞O^Œ∞ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. Ѩk™ê~°∞¡ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕã≤# HÍ~°ºã≤k÷ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕÜ«∞x^Õ =¸Å=∞O„`«=Ú ã≤kúOK«^Œ∞. =∞OQÆà◊"å~°=Ú â◊‡âß#=ÚÖ’ =∞^蕺ǨÏfl ã¨=∞Ü«∞=ÚÖ’ ™ê^茉õΩ_»∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ áê~åÜ«∞} 100™ê~°∞¡ KÕã≤#KÀ |∞∞}ÉÏ^è• q=Ú‰õΩÎ_»QÆ∞#∞. ~ÀQÆÉÏ^èŒ x=iÎOK«∞#∞ â◊x"å~°O J~°÷~å„u â◊‡âß#=ÚÖ’ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞O„`«=Ú 1008™ê~°∞¡ [Ñ≤Oz 10™ê~°∞¡ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O áê~åÜ«∞} KÕã≤#KÀ, â◊‡âß#=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ǩ"åÜ«Ú=Ù gK«∞#∞. ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# #Hõ¯TÅÅ∞ qxÑ≤OK«∞#∞. JѨC_»∞ ™ê^茉õΩ_»∞ ÉèíÜ«∞=ÚK≥O^ŒHõ Ü«ÚO_ç# „Ѩ`«ºOy~° ã≤kúOK«∞#∞. QÀ~ÀK«#O JQÆ~°∞–Hõã¨∂Îi–Hõ~°∂Ê~°O–K«O^Œ#O– ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∞ q∞„â◊=∞=Ú`À áê_»ºq∞<å_»∞ Éèí∂~°˚Ѩ„`«OÃÑ· edOz ‰õΩ_çÉèí∞[=Ú#‰õΩ ^èŒiOz#KÀ HÍ~°ºã≤^Œ∞ú_»QÆ∞#∞. ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O |OQÍ~°∞ 33 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 34. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `åg^Œ∞Ö’ LOz, HõO~î°=Ú# ^èŒiOz# l`ÕO„kÜ«Ú _»QÆ∞#∞. x~°ƒùÜ«Ú_»QÆ∞#∞. QÆiƒù}∞ʼnõΩ, ÉÏʼnõΩʼnõΩ ^èŒiOѨKÕã≤#KÀ ~°HõΔ} HõeyOK«∞#∞. hÅO~°OQÆ∞ =G=ÚÃÑ· Ü«∞O„`«=Ú edOz ^èŒfi[=ÚQÆ #∞Oz#KÀ â◊`«$[Ü«∞=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞#∞. ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕã≤ Éèí㨇=Ú ^èŒiOz# JO^Œ~°∂ H˜OHõ~°∞Å=Öˇ ¿ã=‰õΩÅQÆ∞^Œ∞~°∞. XHõ <≥Å~ÀAÅ∞ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O [Ñ≤Oz [Ѩ[Å=Ú „`åy# Q˘Ñ¨Ê q^•º=O`«∞_»QÆ∞#∞. Wu <å=∞ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨O`«∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞<ÀǨÏ~°O QÀѨºOQÆ∞ѨΠ`«=∞OÖ’ˆH QÀѨhÜ«∞O ã¨fiÜ≥∂x=`ü II Wu N ~°∞„^ŒÜ«∂=∞àı `«O„`Õ ^Œâ◊q^•º~°Ç¨Ï¿ãº „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ ã¨OѨÓ~°‚"£∞ II „Ѩ`«ºOy~å™È΄`«O FO J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ™È΄`«=∞O„`«ã¨º =∞Ǩ^Õ= |∞∞+≤óII J#∞+¨μìÑπ Kè«O^ŒóII „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`å „Ç‘ÏO c[O ™êfiǨ â◊H˜Îó– ¿ãÊùO H©ÅHõO II =∞=∂aè+¨ì ã≤^Œ÷ºˆ~ú [¿Ñ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II NÉèˇ·~°=L"åK«:– ^Õg „Ѩ`«ºOy~å q^•º ^Œ∞+¨ì„QÆÇ¨Ï q<åth =∞i÷h ã¨~°fi^Œ∞ëêì<åO ã¨~°fiáêѨ „Ѩ"≥∂zh II ¢ã‘ÎÉÏÅ „ѨÉèí$f<åOK« [<å<åO Ç≤Ï`«HÍ=∞ºÜ«∂ ™œÉèÏQƺ [#h^Õg |ÅѨÙ+≤ìHõs `«^è• II K«`«∞+¨Ê ^Õ+¨μ QÀ¿+ª+¨μ `«^è• QÀ+¨ì=<Õ+¨μK« â◊‡âß<Õ ^Œ∞~°æ"Õ∞ Ѷ¨∞Áˆ~ ã¨O„QÍ"Õ∞ â◊`«$â◊OHõ>Ë II QÆ∞¿ÇϺ Ѩºâ◊√z ™ê÷<Õ+¨μ ã¨O„QÍ"Õ∞ â◊`«$â◊OHõ>Ë II 34
  • 35. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ~å[^•fiˆ~K« ^Œ∞iƒùˆHΔ =∞ǨÉèíÜ«∞ LѨã≤úf II Ѩiî`å ™ê‡i`å^Õq ã¨~°fiã≤kú Hõs㨇 $`å Ü«∞™êº`«‡™êú =∞Ǩq^•º „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨∞ÉèÏ+≤`å I ã≤^•úã¨∞ã≤^•ú ™êx`«ºO q^èÕÜ«∂ Ѩ~°=∂㨇 $`å N=∞`åѶ¨∞’ ~°~°∂¿Ñ} ÉèÏ+≤`å ÃѶ∂~°~°∂Ñ≤}˜ Ü«∞™êºOQÆ™ê÷ =∞Ǩq^•º qzO`åº ^è•~°`å#Ô~·ó ed`åK« Hõˆ~HõOˆ~î ÉÏǨÏ∫t~°ã≤ ^è•~°ÜÕ∞`ü II q=ÚK«º`Õ =∞ǨѶ¨∞’ˆ~ =∞$`«∞º~°∂¿Ñ ^Œ∞~åã¨^Õ ^Œ∞+¨ìã¨`«fi„QÆǨ^Õ= Ü«∞HõΔ ~°HΔÍ^ŒÜ«∞ ã¨Î^è• I Ñ‘_®O `«ã¨º# ‰õΩ~°fiOuÜÕ∞ Kå<Õº Ñ‘_»HÍó„QÆǨó =∞O„`å ÉÏǨºaèKåˆ~<À „Ѩ=~°ÎO`Õ Hõ^•K«# II x`«ºOK« ^è•~°º=∂}㨺 P=∞$`«`«fiOK« HõÅÊ`Õ ã≤^•ú~å÷ ã≤kú^• x`«ºO q^պܫ∞O Ѩ~°=∂㨇 $`å II „Ѩ`«ºOy~å HõΔ~å„áÈHÍÎ iѨÙOǨÏ<åº#fl ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó =∞O„`«~å*’ ^Œ=∞O^Õq ã¨~°fiã≤kú Hõ~°ó㨇 $`«ó ã¨~°fiq^•ºÇ¨Ï~åq^•º „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ™ê=∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis „Ѩ`«ºOy~å=∞O„`«áê^ŒO FO J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞O„`«áê^Œã¨º NÉèíQÆ"å<£ Éèˇ·~°=â◊OHõ~° |∞∞+≤ó J#∞+¨μìÉèÏk <å<åKè«O^•Oã≤–N [QÆ<å‡`å „Ñ¨`«ºOy~å^Õ=`å FO c[O–AOâ◊H˜Îóã¨óH©ÅHõO II =∞=∞ ã¨~åfi~°ú ã≤^èŒúºˆ~÷ [¿ÑqxÜ≥∂QÆó FO ##∞ó ã¨Ç¨Ï„㨠ã¨∂ˆ~ºHõΔ}ÏÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ=ÚMÏÜ«∞ J<åk~°∂áêÜ«∞ ѨÙ~°∞ǨϙêÎÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ=ÚMÏÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ"åºÑ¶¨∂º~Ú<Õ =∞ǨѶ¨∞’~åu Ѷ¨∞Á~åÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ„ѨÉèÏ=O ^Œ~°≈Ü«∞ FO Ç≤ÏeÇ≤Ïe FO q∞eq∞e FO ǨÏiǨÏi FO q^Œ∞ºl˚¿ÇÏfi [fiÅ[fiÅ „Ѩ[fiÅ „Ѩ[fiÅ |O^èŒ|O^èŒ =∞^äŒ =∞^äŒ „Ѩ=∞^äŒ- 35 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 36. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü „Ѩ^èŒfiOã¨Ü«∞ „Ѩ^èŒfiOã¨Ü«∞ â◊=∞Ü«∞ â◊=∞Ü«∞ Ñ≤|Ñ≤| „QÆ㨄QÆ㨠<åâ◊Ü«∞ =^Œ=^Œ„^•=Ü«∞„^•=Ü«∞ q„^•=Ü«∞ q„^•=Ü«∞ zèOk zèOk Hõ$O`«Ü«∞ Hõ$O`«Ü«∞ ÉèíHõΔÜ«∞ ÉèíHõΔÜ«∞ „`åã¨Ü«∞ „`åã¨Ü«∞ `å_»Ü«∞ `å_»Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ „ÉèÏ=∞Ü«∞ „ÉèÏ=∞Ü«∞ ‰õΩÅO ‰õΩÅO Éèí∞O[ Éèí∞O[ K«∞O| K«∞O| ^ŒÇ¨Ï^ŒÇ¨Ï QÆ~°˚QÆ~°˚ ™ÈÊù@Ü«∞ ™ÈÊù@Ü«∞ K«∞~°Ü«∞ K«∞~°Ü«∞ L`åû^ŒÜ«∞ L`åû^ŒÜ«∞ "≥∂ǨÏÜ«∞-L#∂‡ÅÜ«∞ L#∂‡ÅÜ«∞ ã¨OHÀK«Ü«∞ P"Õâ◊Ü«∞ P"Õâ◊Ü«∞ =∞=∞ qѨ^ŒO <åâ◊Ü«∞ <åâ◊Ü«∞ â◊`«$ÏO „`åã¨Ü«∞ „`åã¨Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ =∞=∞ ~°HõΔ`«fiO ã¨OѨ`ü ‰õΩ=∂~°O P^•ºHõΔ~° =∞ǨÜ≥∂QÆ Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨ ~°ã¨=`åºO =∂O,^ä•~°HõO ã¨Ñ¨i"å~°HõO ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ =∞Ǩ"Õ∞Ѷ¨∞øѶ¨∞ Ѷ¨∂uˆH =∞Ǩ"Õ∞Ѷ¨∞ø+¨μ Ѷ¨∂uˆH =∞Ǩ"Õ∞Ѷ¨∞øѶ¨∂k ã¨O=~°ÎHõ ã¨O=~°ÎˆH q^Œ∞º^•…`« q^Œ∞º„`å¯O`Õ q^Œ∞º^Œ`«Hõ HõѨiúx k=ºHõ#HÍO Éè’~°∞ǨÏO HõѨiÌx kqHõ#HÍO Éè’~°∞ǨÏO qHõK«=ÚO_» =∂ÖÏ^è•i}˜ tuHõO~î° "庄Ѷ¨∂lx ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯˜ Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°„Ñ≤ÜÕ∞ zèOkè zèOkè q„^•=Ü«∞ q„^•=Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ ^Õ=Ñ≤âßK« <åQÆQÆ~°∞_» H˜#fl~° q^•º^èŒ~° QÆ}QÆO^èŒ~°fi Ü«∞HõΔ~åHõΔ㨠֒Hõ áêÖÏ#∞ „QÆǨ<£ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ <åHõÖ’HõáêÖÏOâ◊Û Ç¨Ï#ǨÏ# (â◊`«$<å=∞O K≥áêÊe) =∞=∞ â◊`«$Ï<£ ǨÏ#ǨÏ# xHõ$O`«Ü«∞ xHõ$O`«Ü«∞ ÜÕ∞K« ã¨^•=∞=∞ q^•ºÜ«∂=∞ q^è•Ü«∂O Jq^•ºHõ~°‡ ‰õΩ~°fiOu `ÕëêOq^•ºO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ Ѷ¨∂`«Ü«∞ Ѷ¨Ú`«Ü«∞ FO qâ◊fi=¸~°ÎÜÕ∞ =∞Ç¨Ï `Õ[¿ã FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO =ÚYO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO QÆ∞ǨϺO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO q^•ºO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO ǨϙœÎ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO áê^Õ QÆ∞ǨϺ YQÆ^èŒfix 36
  • 37. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü =∞~å‡}˜ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FOEOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO<Õ„`Õ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊„`«∂}ÏO „â’„`Õ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊„`«∂<åO QÆ$ǨO ‰õΩ@∞O|O ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞™ê÷#O H©ÅÜ«∞H©ÅÜ«∞=ÚO_»O H©ÅÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ ^ÕǨÏO H©ÅÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ ã¨~°fi^ÕǨÏO H©ÅÜ«∞H©ÅÜ«∞ =∞=∞ âßOuO ‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞ =∞=∞ Ѩi"å~°ã¨º ~°HΔÍO ‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞ ™êfiǨ FOFOFO ~°O~°O~°O Ǩ˙OǨ˙OǨ˙O Ѷ¨ò ™êfiǨ FOFOFOFOFO Ü«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞O ~°O~°O~°O~°O~°OÅOÅO ÅOÅOÅO =OѶ¨ò ™êfiǨ FO~î°ó FO Ǩ˙OѶ¨ò FO „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ =∞=∞ã¨i"å~°O ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ FO Ü«∞óÜ«∞ó FOFOFO „Ç‘ÏO Ѷ¨ò™êfiǨ FOFOFO „ǨO„ǨO„ǨO HÍm Hõ~åoÜÕ∞ =∂O„Ѩu LѨ„^Œ"å^ŒºaèKå~°O ‰õΩ~°fiOu–P‰õΩ~°fi<£ Hõi+¨ºOu–HÍ~°~Ú+¨ºu "å`å<£ ã¨~åfi<£ ǨÏ#ǨÏ# ѨK«Ñ¨K« Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ=∂O ã¨Ñ¨i"å~°O ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ ™êfiǨ II Wkx`«ºO ѨiîOz# "åiH˜ ã¨=∞ã¨Î ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ `˘Åy ã¨HõÅ HÀiHõÅ∞ f~°∞#∞. IIt"å~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î II 37 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 39. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü FO ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O â’¡II 㨈~fiëê=∞Ñ≤ =ÚHõκ~°úO =ÚH˜Î=∂~°æ㨺 ^Œ~°≈#O I ^Õ"Õâ◊ *Ï˝#=∂Kå~°O Hõ$Ѩܫ∂ Hõ^èŒÜ«∞ã¨fi"Õ∞ II *Ï˝<åKå~“ =~å~À¿ÇÏ Hõ^èŒÜ«∂q∞ `«"å^èŒ∞<å „Ñ¨qâ◊Ou Ü«∞`À"≥∂HõΔO *Ï˝x<À^èŒfiã¨Î HõŇ+¨O II ÜÕ∞ëê ÉË^èÕ# ã¨O*Ï`«O HÍÅ*Ï˝#O =~å#<Õ # `Õëê *ÏÜ«∞`ÕÉ’^èŒó âßGHÀ˜ â◊`≥·~°Ñ≤ II J`ÀÇ≤Ï x~°ƒùÜ≥∂ q^•fi<£ qâ◊≈OHÀ qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó *Ï˝<À`åûÇ¨Ï Ñ¨~ÀÉèí∂Ü«∂`ü „â◊^•ú^è•<À x~å‰õΩÅó II 4 `å : ã¨HõÅ[#∞Å∂ =ÚH˜ÎK≥O^Œ∞ =∂~°æ=Ú#∞ É’kèOK«=∞x ^Õq Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞x „áêiúOK«QÍ t=Ù_ç@∞¡ K≥ÃÑÊ#∞. áêѨ~°Ç≤Ï`«∞Öˇ·# *Ï˝#∞Å∞ =ÚH˜ÎK≥O^Œ∞ =∂~°æ=ÚÅ∞ *Ï˝#=Ú PKå~°=ÚÅx `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#∞=Ú HÍÅ*Ï˝#=Ú ÖËx"åiH˜ HÀ˜ âßG=ÚÅ∞ É’kèOz##∂ =º~°÷"Õ∞. JO^Œ∞KÕ`« ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ ~°Ç≤Ï`«∞Öˇ·, *Ï˝#=Ú ã¨OáêkOK«∞@Ü«∞O^Œ∞ L`åûǨÏ=Ú HõÅ"åÔ~·, „â◊^Œ÷`À ™ê^èŒ# KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II x~°‡=∞ó Hõ~°∞}À¿Ñ`«ó ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`åÉèíÜ«∞ „Ѩ^Œó Éèí*Ë`ü HÍÖ’`«Î~°O ^Õq =Ú=Ú‰õΔΩ~ÀºQÆ `«`«Ê~°ó II 㨄|Ǩ‡ ã¨t"À q+¨μ‚ó ã¨WO„^Œó ã¨+¨_®##ó ã¨QÆ∞~°∞ó ã¨~°fi^Õ"åâ◊Û ã¨Ü≥∂w ã¨`«áÈ^èŒ#ó II ѨO_ç`« ã¨û=∞ǨÉèÏQÆó Hõ$`å~°úó Ѩ~°=∂~°÷`«ó K«Å^•fiÜ«Ú ã¨=∞Oz`«ÎO „kèÜ«∞`Õ ÜÕ∞#xâ◊ÛÅO II ã¨LáêÜ≥∂ q"≥∂HõΔ㨺 ã¨^Œ∞áê`«Î QÆ∞}Àã¨∞Îã¨ó ™ê„Ѩ*Ï˝ `«kǨÏÃãÂ÷~°ºO `«`«∞Ê}ºO =º=™ê~Ú<åO II 39 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 40. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `å : =ÚH˜ÎÜ«∞O^Œ∞ HÀiHõHõÅ"å~°∞, <åk J#∞ÉèÏ==Ú ÖËx"åÔ~·, ^ŒÜ«∞QÆÅ"åÔ~· Ü≥∂QÆ=∂~°æ=Ú ¿ãqOK« =ÅÜ«Ú#∞. J`«_Õ ã¨HõÅ ^Õ=`å ã¨fi~°∂ѨÙ_»QÆ∞#∞. K«eOK«∞ „áê}"åÜ«Ú=Ù#∞ ã≤÷~°=ÚQÍ #∞Oz, ‰õΩOÉèíHõ „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂ÉèϺã¨"Õ∞ "≥∂HõΔ=Ú#‰õΩ =¸ÅHÍ~°} =∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. â’¡II `«^Õ= f~°úO^•#OK« ã¨`«Ñ¨â◊Û# ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó ÜÕ∞<ÀáêÜÕ∞# |^èÕº`« "åÜ«Úaèâ◊ÛÅ#O =∞#ó I z`ÕÎK«Åu ã¨O™ê~À xâ◊ÛÖË "≥∞HõΔ U=`«∞ `«™ê‡zÛ`«ÎO ã≤ú~°O‰õΩ~åº`ü „Ѩ[˝Ü«∂ Ѩ~°Ü«∂|∞^èŒó II SHÍOuHõ ã¨∞YOÜ«∞„`« `«^è≥·"å`«ºOuHõO Éèí"Õ`ü x+¨¯~°‡}© Ѩˆ~`«`Õfi HÀ#~°*˺`« ѨO_ç`«ó II x=$`ÒÎ q+¨Ü«∞*Ï˝<å`ü x+¨¯Å*Ï˝# `«`«Ê~°ó PxK«Ûù#flÑ≤ "Õ∞^è•g ÅÉèË`« "≥∂HõΔ=∞HõΔÜ«∞O II `å : JkÜÕ∞ f~°÷=Ú–`«Ñ¨ã¨∞û JQÆ∞K«∞#flk, z`«Î=Ú K«eOz# ã¨O™ê~°=∞QÆ∞#∞. ã≤÷~°=ÚQÍ #∞#fl "≥∂HõΔ=Ú á⁄O^≥^Œ~°∞. `≥eqHõÅ"å~°∞ „Ѩ[˝KÕ`« ã≤÷~°z`«Î=Ú á⁄O^Œ=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. q+¨Ü«∞*Ï˝# q=ÚY∞Öˇ·, x+¨¯Å*Ï˝#=∞QÆ∞ t=*Ï˝#=∞O^Œ∞ `«`«Ê~°∞Öˇ· Ü«Ú#fl"å~°∞ HÀiHõÖˉõΩ#fl#∞ "≥∂HõΔ=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞K«∞<åfl~°∞. â’¡II Jã≤‡`å HõÅÜ«∂Ü«ÚHõÎO K≥·`«#ºO ã¨HõÅO 㨇 $`«O Jã≤‡`å ~°Ç≤Ï`«O KÕ`«ó K≥·`«#ºO â◊H˜Î ~°∞K«º`Õ II `«Ü«∂ „ѨHÍt`«O qâ◊fiOâ◊H˜Î ^蕺#=Ú^•Ç¨Ï$`«O ã¨~åfiÅO| qx~°∞‡HõÎO x+¨¯ÅO *Ï˝#=ÚK«º`Õ JǨÏ=∞Oâı# Ü«∞K«∂Ûù#ºO z<凄`« Ö’Hõ=∞^ŒfiÜ«∞O =ÚH˜Îc[O `«^•MϺ`«O Ѩ~°Ü≥∂QÆ „Ѩ=~°ÎHõO II 40
  • 41. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü K«„HÍ}˜ <å_»Ü«∞ó Ѩ^Œ‡^Õ=`å c[=∞O_»ÅO ~°∂Ѩx`åºkHõO H˜Oz`ü ^èպܫ∞O <≥·=Hõ^•K«# II `å : =∂Ü«∞KÕ P=iOK«|_ç#k ã¨HõÅ=∞x, =∂Ü«∂ ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ# K≥·`«#º=Ú ''â◊H˜Î—— Jx K≥ѨÊ|_»∞#∞. Ѩ$kè"åºk – t=`«`åÎfiO`«=Ú. ^Õâ◊HÍÖÏ^Œº#=zÛù#"≥∞ÿ# â◊H˜Î`À xO_çÜ«Ú#flk. ''<Õ#∞—— J<Õk ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ#^Õ =ÚH˜ÎH˜ c[=∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. JO`ÕHÍx 6 K«„Hõ=ÚÅ∞, 32 <å_»∞Å∞, 4–6–8–12–16–2 ^Œà◊=ÚÅ∞ QÆŠѨ^Œ‡=ÚÅ∞, „|Ǩ‡k ^Õ=`«Å∞, „Ѩ}"åk c*ÏHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞, ã¨∂~åºk =∞O_»Å=ÚÅ∞, ~°HÍÎk~°∂Ѩ=ÚÅ∞, F_论}Ïk |O^èŒ#=ÚÅ∞ U"≥·<å, Z#fl˜H© ^èպܫ∞=ÚÅ∞ HÍ=Ù. â’¡II ‰õΩǨÏHõO =∞O„`«*ÏÅO K«„áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂k ^è•~°}O ã¨~°fi"Õ∞`«#fl Hõ~°Î=ºO "≥∂HõΔ=∞HõΔÜ«∞ q∞K«Ûù`å I <å„`«Ñ¨Ó*Ï #=∞™ê¯~À #[áÈ^蕺#"Õ∞=K« ˆH=ÅO *˽ܫ∞q∞`«∞ºHõÎO "Õk`«=ºO# H˜OK«# II |Ç≤Ï ~åÇ≤Ï`« z`åÎ<åO ÅÜ«∞O`Õ |O^茿ÇÏ`«=ó |Ç≤ÏtÛù`«ÎO x"åÔ~º= qO^Œ<£Ö’ˆH # ã‘^Œu II <å„`«H˜Oz ^ŒƒÇ≤Ï~åflO`«O #=∞^茺O <åѨº^èŒó Hõfiz`ü ã¨~åfiHÍ~°O x~åHÍ~°O ã¨fiã¨O"Õ^ŒºO q~å[`Õ II `å : +¨òHõ~°‡Å∞ QÆÅ =∞O„`«âßG=Ú, „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂k ^蕺#^è•~°}=ÚÅ∞, ѨÙ#~å=$uÎ ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ# "≥∂HõΔ=Ú#∞ HÀ~°∞"å~°∞ PK«iOѨ~å^Œ∞. ѨÓ[ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞–[Ѩ^è•#º=ÚÅ∞ UqÜ«¸ r=#∞‡‰õΩÎxH˜ ÖË=Ù. [QÆ`«∞Î"≥·Ñ¨Ù ^Œ$+≤ì™êiOz# "åiH˜ |O^èŒ ¿ÇÏ`«∞=ÙÅ∞ „áêÑ≤ÎOK«∞#∞. ÉÏǨϺ=Ú–=∞^茺=∞=Ú–JO`«º=Ú J#∞#q. ã¨~åfiHÍ~°=Ú x~åHÍ~°=ÚQÍ `«#Ü«∞O^Õ *Ï˝xH˜ QÀK«iOK«∞#∞. 41 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 42. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü â’¡II Ü«∞^•º^•Ö’Hõº Ü≥∂[O`«∞ó ‰õΩ~°∞`Õ Hõ~°‡ã¨OK«Ü«∞O `«^Œæu~å˚Ü«∞`Õ Ü«∞™ê‡xfl ~å Ö’HõO`«∞ zO`«ÜÕ∞`ü ¿ÇÏ`«∞~åflã≤ΠѶ¨ÅO<å ã≤Î <å ã≤ÎHõ~°‡ ã¨fiÉèÏ=`«ó Jã¨^Œ∂ƒù`« q∞^ŒOã¨~°fiO <åã≤ÎÖ’HÀ# Ö∫H˜Hõó II x~åÅO| q∞^ŒO ã¨~°fiO x~åÅO| „ѨHÍt`«O x~åÅO| q∞^ŒOHõ$`åfi x~åÅOÉ’ Éèíq+¨ºu II "Àº=∂HÍ~° =∞Ǩâ◊¥#ºO "åºÑ¨HõO Ü≥∂#ÉèÏ=ÜÕ∞`ü ã¨O™ês ã¨Éèí"ÕÖ’¡ˆH c[HÀâ◊ „H˜q∞~°º^è• II `å : ^ÕxxK«∂z Z=~°∞ UHõ~°‡ KÕÜ«ÚK«∞<åfl~À "åiH˜ P^ÕQÆu „áêÑ≤ÎOK«∞#∞. Hõ#∞Hõ<Õ x~åÖ’Hõ zO`«# KÕÜ«∂e. HÍ~°}=¸ ÖË^Œ∞, Ѷ¨e`«=¸ÖË^Œ∞, ã¨fiÉèÏ==Ú KÕ`«<Õ Hõ~°‡ â◊¥#º=∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. [QÆ`«∞Î Jã¨`ü JQÆ∞@KÕ ÖËx^Õ x~°∞áêkèHõ Ѩ~°=∞t=ÙxKÕ „ѨHÍt`«=∞QÆ∞ Ѩi}Ï=∞je Ü«∞QÆ∞ D [QÆ`«∞Î =∞Ü«∂~°∂Ѩ =∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. z^•HÍâ◊=Ú#∞ aO^Œ∞, =∂Ü«∂k J<ÕHõ x~åHÍ~°=ã¨∞Î *Ï`«=Ú`À xO_ç# =∞Ǩâ◊¥#º=ÚQÍ Z=~°∞ ÉèÏqOK«~À, "å~°∞ q`«Î#=∞O^Œ∞ QÆÅ „H˜q∞=Öˇ, [##=∞~°}~°∂Ѩ ã¨O™ê~°|O^èŒ=Ú#O^Œ∞ z‰õΩ¯H˘<≥^Œ~°∞. â’¡II *Ï˝<À`«ÊuÎ xq∞`«ÎO`«∞ „H˜Ü«∂â◊Û~åºó „ѨH©iÎ`åó Ü≥∂QÆO ™êÅO|#O `«ºHÍÎfi x¢+¨Ê=OK«O qzO`«ÜÕ∞`ü II áê`åÖÏ`ü â◊H˜ÎѨ~°ºO`«O ã¨~°fi"Õ∞`«^ŒcèÑ≤û`«O ÉèíQÆflOÜ≥ÿ∞ó â◊¥#º=∞O„`Õ} `Õ㨇 $`åó â◊¥#º"Õk#ó II q+¨ÜÕ∞ Ö’Å∞ѨOz `«ÎO =∞~°¯Ï^ŒÑ≤ K«OK«ÅO ã¨~°fiâ◊¥#º Ѩ^Õã≤÷`åfi `«`Àx~åfi} "Õ∞+¨ºu II ã¨~°fi`«`åfi^Œº ã¨Oaè#flO ^ÕǨ`ü aè#flO`«^ä≥· =K« JǨÏ=∞™ê‡^Œº ã¨Oaè#flO K≥·`«#ºO ã¨~°fi`À =ÚYO II 42
  • 43. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `å: *Ï˝<À`«ÊuÎH˘~°ˆH Hõ~å‡#∞ëêª#=Ú K≥ѨÊ|_ç#k Ü≥∂QÆã≤^Œ∞úÅ#∞ q_çzÃјì z^Œ…<≥·Hõ =ã¨∞Î=Ù<Õ ^蕺xOKåe. áê`åà◊=∞O^Œ∞#fl HÍÖÏyfl ~°∞„^ŒÉèí=#=Ú #∞O_ç â◊H˜Î`«`«fi=Ú =~°‰õΩ ã¨=∞ã¨ÎÉè’QÆ=Ú#∞ q_»z ÃÑ@ì=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ã¨∞MÏaèÖÏ+≤Ü≥ÿ∞# =∞#ã¨∞û HÀuHõO>Ë K«OK«Å"≥∞ÿ#k. ã¨~°fi`«`«fi=ÚÅ`À ‰õÄ_»x^≥· ''JǨÏ=∞ã≤‡—— J<Õ ã¨OHõÅÊ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ ã¨~°fi`À=ÚY"≥∞ÿ# K≥·`«#º=Ú`À LO_» =ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II PHÍâ◊q∞= ã¨~°fiO`«∞ ã¨ÉÏǨÉèϺO`«~°O „Ñ≤ÜÕ∞ Ѩ~å#O^Œ=∞ ~°∂ѨO`«∞ Ѩâ◊º<åfl#O^Œ ÉèÏQƃù"Õ`ü II x~°O^èŒ<À Ü«∞^è•=Ç≤Ïfló ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= „Ѩâß=∞ºu „QÍǨºÉèÏ"å#‡ # ã¨Î^Œfi`ü ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= „ѨbÜ«∞`Õ "≥∂Ç‘ÏHÍ=¸iÛù HÍ=∂Ü«∂ ã¨fiѨflâıÛu K«`«∞ifi^èŒ ã¨∞+¨μÑ≤Î *ÏQÆ$uâ‹ÂÛ= ã¨~°fi"Õ∞ `«`«Êi`«º*Ë`ü II ^ÕǨ`ü ã¨∂HõΔ ‡ QÆ`å¢`åÊ}Ï`ü z`å^Œ∞ƒù^Õú ~°Ç¨ÏOHõ$`Õó II ã¨~°fi™ê‡kÛù#fl U"åǨÏO zO`«Ü«∞<£ ÅÉèí`Õz`«O II `å : Ѷ¨∞@=Ú, =∞~î°=Ú, "≥ÚII =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅO^Œe â◊¥#º=Ú=Öˇ, ÉÏǨºÉèíºO`«~°=ÚÅO^Œ∞ xO_çÜ«Ú#fl Ѩ~å#O^Œ Ѩ~°=∞ t=Ùx ^Œi≈Oz, P#O^Œ=Ú á⁄O^Œ=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ѨÙÅ¡Å∞ÖËx Jyfl Uq^èŒ=ÚQÍ `å<Õ PiáÈ=Ù<À q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ∞ ÖËx =∞#ã¨∞û ‰õÄ_® J>Ë¡ <åâ◊#=∞QÆ∞#∞. Ѩ~°=∞t=ÙxÖ’ b#=∞QÆ∞#∞. "≥∂ǨÏ=Ú– =¸~°Ûù–=∂Ü«∞–ã¨fiѨfl=Ú J#∞ 4 ã¨∞+¨μÑ≤Î (`«"≥∂QÆ∞} u~ÀÇ≤Ï`« =∞<À~°∂ѨO) *ÏQÆ$u ã¨~°fi=¸ Ѩi`«ºlOK« =ÅÜ«Ú#∞, ã¨∂÷Åâ◊s~°=Ú, „áê}=Ú, =∞#ã¨∞û, |∞kú, JǨÏOHÍ~°O g@xflHõO>Ë `å#∞ aè#∞fl_»x ÉèÏqOz#KÀ zkfi"ÕHõ=Ú HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. â’¡II ã¨^•aè Éèí∂Ü«∞`Õ z`«ÎO x„^ŒÜ«∂ 㨇~°}Ïk<å É’^èŒ~Ú`åfi „Ѩܫ∞`Õfl# ‰õΩ~åº`ü ã¨fiã¨úOѨÙ#óѨÙ#ó 43 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 44. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü Ü«∞^ä•ã≤÷~°O Éèí"Õ`üz`«ÎO <≥·=KåÅÜ«∞<£ Hõ^äŒOK«# #H˜Oz zÛO`«ÜÕ∞ `«Î„`« ã≤÷~°"Õ∞=`«∞ HÍ~°ÜÕ∞`ü II P„â◊Ü«∂ÅO|#O z`«ÎO `«^Œfi`«∞¯~åºxfl ~å„â◊Ü«∞O K«OK«ÅO xâ◊ÛÅO‰õΩ~åº`ü xâ◊ÛÅO`«∞# KåÅÜÕ∞`ü II ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`« ÅÜÕ∞*Ï`Õ Ü«∞^Œº^£ "Àº=∞ã¨∞ x~°‡ÅO `«`«Î„^Œ∂ѨO ã¨fiHõO^蕺ÜÕ∞`ü "åºÑ¨ÎOK≥·=`«∞ x~°‡ÅO II `å: =∞#ã¨∞û ZšѨC_»∂ x„^•ã¨‡~°}Ï^Œ∞ÅKÕ "≥#∞Hõ‰õΩ Ñ¨Ü«∞xOK«∞#∞ (JaèÉèí∂Ü«∞`ÕII u~°¢ã≤¯Ü«∞`Õ) ^•xx É’^èŒ#`À =∞~°Å =∞~°Å ã¨fiã¨ú=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ. JѨÙ_Õ ã≤ú~°=∞QÆ∞#∞. P„â◊Ü«∞=ÚÅ#∞ PtOK«∞ z`«Î=Ú#∞ x~å„â◊Ü«∞=Ú KÕã≤#KÀ K«OK«Å`«fi=Ú áÈ~Ú xâ◊ÛÅ=∞QÆ∞#∞ ã¨~°fi =¸ÅÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ# Ñ≤=∞‡@ PHÍâ◊=Ú Z@∞¡ x~°‡Å=ÚQÍ #∞O_»∞<À, `å#∞ J>Ë¡ ÉèÏqOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II `«^Õ= [#‡™êѶ¨ÅºO áêO_ç`«º q∞^Œ"Õ∞=Ç≤Ï K«Å^•fiÜ«Ú ã¨=∞Oz`«ÎO xâ◊ÛÅO„kèÜ«∞`ÕÇ≤Ï `«`ü II <≥·"À~°úºO ^è•~°ÜÕ∞z`«ÎO #=∞^茺O <åѨº^èŒóHõfiz`ü JO`«~åƒù= qx~°∞‡HõÎO ã¨^• ‰õΩ~åºxfl ~å„â◊Ü«∞O x„^•Ü«∂O É’^èŒÜÕ∞zÛ`«ÎO qH˜ΔѨÎO â◊=∞ÜÕ∞`«∞Ê#ó ѨHõΔ^ŒfiÜ«∞ Ѩi`庈Q ã¨O„áê¿ÑÎ<≥·= KåÅÜÕ∞`ü I x~å„â◊Ü«∞O ã¨^•z`«ÎO ã¨~åfiÅO|# =i˚`«O =∞<À=™êÌ qx~°∞‡HõÎO q*˽ܫ∞O =ÚH˜ÎÅHõΔ}O II `å : W@∞¡ x~°‡Å`«fi=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞@KÕ [#‡ ™êѶ¨Åº=Ú. W^Õ áêO_ç`«º=Ú. ÉèÏ=â◊¥#º"≥∞ÿ# =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ x~å„â◊Ü«∞=ÚQÍ KÕã≤ xâ◊ÛÅ=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. x„^ŒÜ«∞O^Œ∞ =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ "Õ∞Ö’¯ÅÊ=Öˇ#∞. "庉õΩÅ"≥∞ÿ# 44
  • 45. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ LѨâ◊q∞OѨ KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. Dq^èŒ=ÚQÍ x„^•–*ÏQÆ$`«∞ÅKÕ x~å„â◊Ü«∞O KÕã≤# =∞#ã¨∞û PÅO|#=ÚÖËHõ UH©Éèí∂`«"≥∞ÿ xâ◊ÛÅ=∞QÆ∞#∞ WkÜÕ∞ ™ê^èŒ#. â’¡II ã¨~åfiÅO|# â◊¥#ºOK« ^è•~°~Ú`åfi =∞<ÀǨÏ$k Ü«∞^£ *Ï˝#O *ÏÜ«∞`Õ ã¨Ê+¨ìO `«^ŒÉèϺ㨠Ѩ~ÀÉèí"Õ`ü I ÜÕ∞^蕺ܫ∞Ou #~°Oâ◊¥#ºO x+¨¯ÅO x~°=ã≤÷`«O `ÕÜ«∂Ou Ѩ~°=∞O™ê÷#O [#‡=∞$`«∞º q=i˚`«O II ^Õ"å ^Õ"å ã¨Î^è•Kå<Õº ^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~“‡K« `«`«ÊùÅO P„â◊Ü«∂„â◊~Ú q*Ï˝#O ã¨O™ê~°ã¨ºK« |O^èŒ#O II P„â◊Ü≥∂ ^ŒfiO^Œfi q∞`«∞ºHõÎO ^ŒfiO^Œfi`åºQÍ `«Ê~À^ŒÜ«∞O r=#∞‡HõÎ ã¨Î^•Ü≥∂w ^ÕǨÏ`åºQÍkfi =ÚK«º`Õ II `å : qHõÅÊ=ÚÅ∞ ÖËx =∞#ã¨∞û, ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ^è•~°}KÕ ã¨fiK≥·`«#º=Ú#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#∞#∞. D Ѩ~°â◊¥#º=Ú#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#∞ "å~°∞ [#‡=∞$`«∞º=ÙÅ#∞ á⁄O^Œ~°∞. ^ŒO^ŒfiÉèÏ==Ú `˘ÅQÆ∞#∞ r=#∞‡‰õΩÎ_≥·# W˜ìÜ≥∂y, ^ÕǨÏ`åºQÆ=ÚKÕ =ÚH˜Î K≥O^Œ∞#∞. â’¡II "≥·~åˆQº} =ѨٙêκQÀ #"≥· HÍ~Àº=∞h+≤}Ï P~°OÉèí`«ó „H˜Ü«∂<åâı ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= qѨ`«ûº`Õ II ǨÏ$`«û~À*ËǨϺǨÏO ~°∂áêÜ«∂ zuifl~°‡ÖÏK«ÖÏ JǨÏOHÍ~° Ѩi`åºQÍ`ü ™êzu~À‡HõΔ^•~Úh II ã¨~Àfiáêkè q#∞~°∞‡HõO z„^Œ∂ѨO Ü«∞xfl~°O`«~°O `«zÛù"ÀÇ¨Ï q∞u^蕺`åfi ã¨~åfiã¨H˜ÎO qã¨~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü II ^Õâ◊*Ï`åºk ã¨O|^•ú<£ =~å‚„â◊=∞ ã¨=∞xfi`å<£ ÉèÏ"å<Õ`å #Êi`«º[º ã¨fiÉèÏ=O ÉèÏ=ÜÕ∞^Œ∞ƒù^Œó II 48 `å : "≥·~åQƺ=ÚKÕ ^ÕǨÏ`åºQÆ=Ú KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. ZO^Œ∞Hõ#QÍ "≥·~åQƺ=Ú#‰õΩ =¸Å"≥∞ÿ# ¿ÇÏÜ«∞|∞k÷ á⁄O^Œ∞@KÕ Láê^èÕÜ«∞|∞kú ‰õÄ_® 45 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 46. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. Hõ~°‡ („H˜Ü«∂) <åâ◊=ÚKÕ `«#O`«`å<Õ <åâ◊# =∞QÆ∞#∞.ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ Hõ=∞Å=∞O^Œ∞ ''t"ÀǨÏO—— J#∞ x~°‡ÖÏǨÏOHÍ~° Ѩi`åºQÆ=ÚKÕ â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# JK«OK«Å"≥∞ÿ# ã≤÷u á⁄O^Œ∞#∞. t"ÀǨÏO J#∞ ÉèÏ=#`À, Éè’QÍã¨H˜Î q_çz, ^Õâ◊–*Ïu–=~°‚–P„â◊=∞ "≥ÚII ÉèÏ=Ѩi`åºQÆ=ÚKÕ t=ÉèÏ=#<Õ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ ™ê^èŒ# KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. â’¡II JǨÏ"Õ∞"À #"Õ∞HõtÛ`ü <åǨÏ=∞#º#º Hõ㨺z`ü #`«O Ѩâߺq∞ Ü«∞™êºÇ¨ÏO `«O# Ѩâߺq∞Ü≥∂=∞=∞ JǨÏ"Õ∞= Ѩ~°O„|Ǩχ [QÆ<åfl^èÀ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°ó Wu™êº xfltÛ`À =ÚHÀÎ |^Œúó ™êº^Œ#º^è•Ñ¨Ù=∂<£ Pâ◊s~°O Ü«∞^•`å‡#O Ѩâ◊ºu *Ï˝#K«‰õΔΩëê `«^•Éèí=u âßO`å`å‡ ã¨~°fi`À qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó II Ü≥∂™œ 㨈~fi+¨μ âߢ¿ãÎ+¨μ Ѩ~î°º`Õ Ç¨Ïº[ Dâ◊fi~°ó JHÍÜ≥∂ x~°∞æ}ÀǨº`å‡ ™ÈǨÏ=∞ã≤‡# ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó II `å : <Õ#∞ Hõ¯_ç<Õ, <åÔH=~°∂ ÖË~°∞. <Õ#∞ Z=ih K«∂K«∞> ÖË^Œ∞. Z=~°∂ ##∞fl K«∂K«∞@ÖË^Œ∞. <Õ<ÕѨ~°„|Ǩχ ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ=Ú#∞. =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°∞_»#∞. J#∞ÉèÏ=# *Ï˝# <Õ„`«=ÚÅ`À Hõey#ѨÙ_»∞, `«##∞ Jâ◊s~°=ÚQÍ ÉèÏqOz âßO`å`«∞‡_»QÆ∞#∞. ã¨HõÅâßG=ÚÅO^Œ∞ J`«_Õ Dâ◊fi~°∞_»x Ñ≤Å∞= |_»∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. JHÍÜ«Ú_»∞, J#QÍ â◊s~°=Ú ÖËx"å_»∞, x~°∞æ}∞_»∞ J~Ú# PP`«‡ xã¨ûOâ◊Ü«∞=ÚQÍ <Õ<Õ JQÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. â’¡II q[˝Ñ≤Î =∂„`ÀÇ≤Ï ã¨^•qâ◊√^Œ÷ó ã¨~°fi„`«Ü«∞™ê‡`ü ã¨`«`«O q=ÚHõÎó II <å^ÕÜ«∞ ¿ÇÏÜ≥∂ ǨϺǨÏ=∞„Ѩ`«~°¯ ºó `«™ê‡`ü ã¨^•„|Ǩχ=∞Ü≥∂ qâ’Hõó II P=∞ã¨ÎHõO áê^Œ`«ÖÏ=™ê#O ™êO`«~°˚Ç≤Ïó K«~°‡ ѨÏ=#^Œ÷O II 46
  • 47. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `«`«¯ $`«ûfl "Õ∞"å=∞$`«~°∂Ѩ=∞#º`ü z„^Œ∂Ѩ=∂`å‡ #=∞##º ã≤^ŒúO II Dâ’ǨÏ"Õ∞ "å㨺K«~å K«~°ã¨º Ñ≤`åK« =∂`åK« Ñ≤`å=∞ǨÏâ◊Û II ^蕺#O ã¨=∂™êúÜ«∞ Ѩ^ŒOK«`«∞~°÷O ^蕺ܫ∞Ou =∂"Õ∞= q=ÚHõÎHÍ=∂ó „|Ǩ‡kaèˆ~Ì= =∞#∞+¨º<åÔQ·ó QÆO^èŒ~°fi Ü«∞HõΔѨû~° ™êOQÆ}ˇÿâ◊Û Ü«∞*Ë˝Â~°<ÕÔH· ~°Ç¨Ï"Õ∞= ѨÓ[ºó =∂"Õ∞=㨈~fi„Ѩu ѨÓ[Ü«∞Ou II `å: qt+¨ì K≥·`«#º=ÚQÍ `«##∞ÉèÏqOz, qâ◊√^Œ∞ú_≥· ã¨^• „|Ǩχ=∞Ü«Ú_≥· rqOK«=Öˇ#∞. HÍe#∞O_ç `«Å=~°‰õΩ K«~°‡=Ú`À HõѨÊ|_ç# â◊s~°=Ú֒ѨÅ, |Ü«∞@ J=∞$`« ~°∂ѨÙ_≥·# z„^Œ∂ѨÙ_Õ "≥Å∞Q˘O^Œ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. K«~åK«~°"≥∞ÿ# Dâ◊fi~°∞_Õ `å#∞ `«O„_ç, `«e¡, `å`« JO`å `å<Õ „|Ǩ‡k^Õ=`«Å∞, #~°–<åQÆ–QÆO^èŒ~°fi–Ü«∞HõΔ– JѨÊ~ÀQÆ}=ÚÅ∞ ã¨HõÅ Ü«∞[˝=ÚÅ∞ g@xfl˜KÕ `å<Õ Ñ¨ÓlOѨ |_»∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. â’¡II `«áÈaè~°∞ÔQ„ifiq^è≥·â◊Û^•<≥·ó =∂"Õ∞= 㨈~fi„ѨuѨÓ[Ü«∞Ou Éèí∂`åx KåǨÏO ã≤ú~°[OQÆ=∂x Ü«∂=Ou Kå<åº#ûÇ¨Ï "Õ∞=`åx I #ã¨∂úÅ ã¨∂HΔÀ‡#K« â◊¥#º~°∂áÈ *Ï˝<≥·Hõ~°∂áÈ [QÆ^ÕHõ |O^èŒ∞ó II x~°O`«~À x~°‡Å Dâ◊fi~ÀǨÏO ã¨fiáêfl^Œº=™êúK«∞ºu x¢+¨ÊѨOK«ó II J<åk q*Ï˝# =∞[OѨÙ~å}O QÆ∞Ǩâ◊Ü«∂ x+¨¯Å=∞ „ѨѨOK«O x~°O[#O x¢+¨Êu=∞O xsâ◊=∞^Œ$â◊º=∞ „QÍǨϺ=∞ zO`«º~°∂ѨO II ã¨<å`«#O „|Ǩχx~°O`«~°O Ü«∞`üѨ^Õ-™ÈǨÏq∞u „ѨѨâıº`ü Ü≥∂ÉèÏq`« ã≤Î+¨ìu x¢+¨ÊHõOѨó 㨄|ǨχÉèí∂`À=∞$`å =ÚÃÑ·u I 47 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 48. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `å : L„QÆ`«Ñ¨=ÚÅ∞–^•#=ÚÅ∞, ™êú=~°–[OQÆ=∞=ÚÅ∞– ã¨HÍÅ=ÚÅ∞ `å<Õ JQÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. *Ï˝<≥·Hõ~°∂Ѩ"Õ∞ `å#QÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞ HÍx, ã¨∂úÅ=Ú, ã¨∂HõΔ=Ú HÍ^Œ∞. JkÖËx x+¨¯Å"≥∞ÿ# ã¨<å`«"≥∞ÿ# „|Ǩχ ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ"Õ∞ `å#∞, W˜ì"å_Õ J=∞$`«∞_»QÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. â’¡II *Ï˝#"Õ∞=O =~å~À¿ÇÏ Hõkè`«O"≥∂HõΔ ã≤^ŒúÜÕ∞ PKå~°O Hõ^茺=∂#O`«∞ ™êO„Ѩ`«O â◊$}∞`«O =∞Ü«∂ II #™êfl#O #[ѨóѨÓ*Ï Ç¨ÏŸ"≥∂ <≥·=K« ™ê^èŒ#O ^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~°‡ Ѷ¨ÅO<åã≤Î#ukäÖ∫H˜Hõ „H˜Ü«∂ ã¨O`«º*Ë`ü ã¨~°fiHõ~å‡}˜ Ö’HÍKå~°OK« ã¨~°fiâ◊ó II `å : "≥∂HõΔã≤k÷ *Ï˝#=Ú=Å# =∂„`«"Õ∞ HõÅÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. ™êfl#–[Ѩ–ѨÓ[–Ǩϟ=∞=ÚÅ=Å¡ ã≤k÷OK«^Œ∞. ˆHΔ„`«Ñ‘~î° xÜ«∞=∞ =ÚÅ∞ nxH˜ÖË=Ù. Ñ≤`«$HÍ~°º=Ú–J~°Û#–f~°÷ Ü«∂„`«–„=`«=ÚÅ∞, ^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~°‡ Ѷ¨e`«=ÚÅ∞, qt+¨ª u^èŒ∞ÅO^Œ∞ KÕÜ«Ú„H˜Ü«∞Å∞ Uq∞Ü«Ú "≥∂HõΔ=Ú x=fi*ÏÅ=Ù. Ö’HÍKå~°=Ú "≥∂HõΔ=Ú HÀ~°∞"å_»∞ q_»zÃÑ@ì=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II ã¨=∞Ü«∂Kå~° xâı≈ëê<£ Hõ$`«*Ï`«O`«∞ |O^èŒ#O ã¨OHõÅÊOK« qHõÅÊOK« ÜÕ∞Kå<Õº ‰õΩÅ^è•i‡HÍó II ã≤kúâ◊Û qq^è•HÍ~å áê`åÖÏk ~°™êÜ«∞#O „Ѩ`«ºˆHΔ}ÏÑ≤ ÅÉè˺~°<£ <≥·=QÆ$Ç‘Ï‚`« ™ê^èŒHõó II 㨈~fi`Õ Ñ¨â◊√|O^è•óã¨∞ºó J^äÀ=∂~°æ „Ѩ^•Ü«∞HÍ U`≥· ~åflã≤ΠѨ~å=ÚH˜Îó z„^Œ∂ѨO "åºÑ¨HõO q<å ÜÕ∞# ˆH# qâı¿+} ã¨~åfi=™ÈúÑ≤ Ü≥∂QÆ^èŒ$`ü ˆHΔ„`«Ñ‘ˆ~îK« ã¨O^ÕǨ`ü =~°˚ ÜÕ∞^Œºk H“`«∞Hõ"£∞ II 48
  • 49. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `å: H“à◊^èŒ~°‡=ÚHÍx, ã¨=∞Ü«∂Kå~°=Ú HÍx ã¨OHõÅÊ qHõÅÊ=ÚÅ∞ W=xflÜ«¸ "≥∂HõΔã≤kÌ x=fiÖË=Ù. ~°™êÜ«∞<åk ã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«~å^Œ∞. Wq™ê^茉õΩ_»∞ =i˚OK«=Öˇ#∞. W=xflÜ«¸ Ѩâ◊√|O^èŒ HÍ~°Hõ=ÚÅ∞ g˜=Å¡ =ÚH˜Î ã≤kúOK«^Œ∞ g˜Ü«∞O^Œ∞ "≥∂ǨÏ=Ú q_»zÃÑ@ì=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II Hõ$q∞H©@ Ѩ`«OQÍOâ◊Û `«^è•^Õq =#ã¨Êf<£ #<åâ◊ÜÕ∞^£ |∞^èÀr"å<£ Ѩ~°=∂~°÷ =∞u~°º`«ó II #=¸Ö’`åÊ@#O ‰õΩ~åº`ü Ѩ„`«KÕÛù^ŒO qã¨~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü Éèí∂`«Ñ‘_®O #‰õΩsfi`« ѨÙëêÊ}ÏOK« xHõ$O`«#O I ã¨fiÜ«∞O Ѩu`« Ѩٿ+ÂÊã¨∞Î Hõ~°Î=ºO t=ѨÓ[#O =∂~°}ÀKåÛ@<ånx q^Õfi+¨ ã¨ÎOÉèË`«^ä• II [fi~°Éèí∂`« „QÆǨ"Õâ◊ =âߺHõ~°¬} "≥∂ǨÏ#O # ‰õΩ~åº`ü ‰õΔΩ„^ŒHõ~å‡}˜ HÍ+¨ªáêëê} ѨÓ[#O II `å: Ѩ~°=∂~°ú|∞k÷ QÆÅ"å_»∞ „H˜q∞H©@HÍѨHõΔ *ÏÅ=Ú#∞ Ç≤ÏOã≤OK« ~å^Œ∞. P‰õΩ‰õÄ_® „`«∞OK«~å^Œ∞. ѨÓ=ÙÅ∞ HÀÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. Éèí∂`«ÉÏ^èŒ KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. <ÕÅÃÑ· Ѩ_ç# ѨÓ=ÙÅ`À<Õ t=ѨÓ[ KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. =∂~°} q^Õfi+¨} ã¨ÎOÉèí<åkHõ~°‡ ÖÏK«iOK«~å^Œ∞. ~å~Ú, K≥Hõ¯ q„QÆǨÏ=ÚÅ#∞ ѨÓlOK«~å^Œ∞. â’¡II ã¨"≥∂ q∞„`ÕK« q∞„`ÕK« ã¨"≥∂Ö’¿+ªK« HÍOK«<Õ JaèÖÏëÈ# Hõ~°Î=ºó WO„kÜ«∂ˆ~ú Hõ^•K«# II P`å‡~å"≥∂ Éèí"Õ^Àºw x~°ƒÜ≥∂ qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó ã¨=∞xO^• „Ѩâ◊Oã¨â◊Û ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`« ã¨=∞ã¨Î^è• ó ã¨=∞^Œ$+≤ìã¨∞Î Hõ~°Î"åº Ü«∞^ä•`«‡x `«^è•Ñ¨ˆ~ q"å^ŒO Ö’HõQÀ+≤ªOK« HõÅǨOâ◊Û q=~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü II D~嬺O ÃÑ· â◊¥#º^ŒOÉèËK« ~åQÆO =∂`«û~°º"Õ∞=K« HÍ=∞„HÀ^èÒ ÉèíÜ«∞Oâ’HõO `«º*Ë`ü ã¨~°fiO â◊<≥·ó â◊<≥· 49 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 50. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `å : q∞„`«–â◊`«$=ÙÅO^Œ∞ ã¨=∞^Œ$+≤ì Hõey Ü«ÚO_»=Öˇ#∞. xO^•ã¨∞Î`«∞Å#∞ ã¨=∞=ÚQÍ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. P`«‡Ü«∞O^Œ∞ W`«~°∞Å Ü«∞O^Œ∞ ã¨=∞|∞kú HõeyÜ«ÚO_»=Öˇ#∞. "å^Œ=Ú–QÀ+≤ª– D~°¬º –Ñ≤ã≤<åi`«#=Ú. „¿Ñ=∞, =∂`«û~°º=ÚÅ∞ HÍ=∞–„HÀ^è•^Œ∞Å∞, â’HõO W=xflÜ«¸ „Hõ=∞=ÚQÍ <≥=∞‡k<≥=∞‡kQÍ q_»zÃÑ@ì =ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II âßGQÀ+≤ìO# ‰õΩsfi`« ‰õΩÉèÏ+≤`« ã¨∞ÉèÏ+≤`å<£ I ã¨~°fi^ŒfiO^Œfi q#∞~°∞‡HõÎó ã¨O`«`«O [#=i˚`«ó J<Õ<≥·= â◊sˆ~} ã¨~°fi[˝ó #<£ „ѨHÍâ◊`Õ II *Ï]<Õ<≥·= Ü«∞^è•"≥∂HõΔó `«^ä•ã≤k÷ó x~°~°úHÍ `«^è•Ñ≤ Éè’QÆq∞K«ÛùOu ã≤kúq∞K«ÛùOu ™ê^èŒHÍó II J}˜=∂k QÆ∞}Ï"åºÑ≤Îó *ÏÜ«∞`åO "å#*ÏÜ«∞`åO `«^è•Ñ≤ =ÚK«º`Õ ^ÕÇ≤Ï Ñ¨uO q*Ï˝Ü«∞ x~°‡ÖÏ II ѨOK«Éèí∂ `å`«‡HÀ^ÕǨó t=ã¨Î¢`≥·= u+¨ªu t"å^Œº=x Ѩ~°ºO`À Ö’HÀÜ«∞O â◊OHõ~å`«‡Hõó II `å : âßG K«~°ÛÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. UHÍO`«=ÚQÍ `«`«fizO`«# KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. J}˜=∂k ã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞ HõÅ∞QÆh, HõÅ∞QÆHõáÈh, *Ï˝#=Ú =Å# =∂„`«"Õ∞ "≥∂HõΔ=Ú ã≤kúOK«∞#∞. ѨOK«Éèí∂`å`«‡Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ^ÕǨÏ=Ú#O^Œ∞ t=Ù_»∞<åfl_»∞ t=Ùx #∞O_ç J=x=~°‰õΩ JO`å â◊OHõ~°ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ"Õ∞ JQÆ∞K«∞#flk. â’¡II D^Œ$â◊O *Ï˝x#O^Œ$ëêìfi ѨÓ[Ü«∞Ou K«ÜÕ∞#~åó QÆO^èŒO ѨÙ+¨Ê Ѷ¨ÅO ^èŒ∂ѨO ™êfl#O =GOK« Éè’[#O II x"Õ^ŒÜ«∞Ou ÜÕ∞ˆHz`ü "åOQƇ#óHÍÜ«∞ Hõ~°‡aèó `«^ä≥·=`Õ q=ÚK«ºO`Õ =ÚH˜Î=∂~åæaè HÍOH˜Δ}ó I ã¨∞ÎuxO^• Hõ~åã¨Î㨺 ѨÙ}ºáê¿Ñ ã¨=∂ѨÙflÜ«Úó 50
  • 51. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü Ü«∞^£ *Ï˝<åK«~°}O Ѩ$+¨ìO `«`üã¨~°fiO Hõkè`«O=∞Ü«∂ HÍÅ*Ï˝#O =~å~À¿ÇÏ H˜=∞#º`ü ѨiѨ$K«Ûùã≤ II `å : W@∞=O˜ ã≤÷uQÆey# "åix ѨÓlOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. WkÜÕ∞ *Ï˝<åK«~°} JQÆ∞K«∞#flk. =ÚH˜ÎQÀ~°∞"å~°∞ ã≤^Œ∞÷ʼnõΩ ã¨=∞iÊOK«∞ QÆO^èŒ, ѨÙ+¨Ê Ѷ¨Å, ^èŒ∂Ѩ, ™êfl# =G Éè’[=ÚÅ =Å# *Ï˝#ã≤k÷ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. WkÜÕ∞ HÍÅ*Ï˝#=∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. Wu ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞ó t"å~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î II 51 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O