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1. Part A
Part A: Answer the following questions:
1. Describe the three basic characteristics of Big Data databases.
Answer1.
The term BigData referstoa huge volume of data that cannotbe storedprocessedbyany
traditional datastorage or processingunits. The three basiccharacteristicsof BigDatadatabases
are:
 Volume:Volume referstothe sheersize of the ever-explodingdataof the
computingworld.Itraisesthe questionaboutthe quantityof data.
 Velocity:Velocityreferstothe processingspeed.Itraisesthe questionof atwhat
speedthe datais processed.
 Variety: Varietyreferstothe typesof data.It raisesthe questionof how disparate
the data formatsare.
2. What are the sources of business rules, and what is the database designer’s role with
regard to business rules?
Answer2.
The main source of businessrulesare companymanagers,policymakers,departmentmanagers,
and writtendocumentations –suchas a company’s procedures,standards,oroperationsmanuals.It
islikelythatnotall businessrulesare documentedinanorganization.Therefore,the database
designermustbe capable of formulating,documenting,andverifyingthe organizationalbusiness
rules. A fasterand more directsource of businessrulesisdirectinterviewswithendusers.However,
because of differencesinunderstandingbyendusersitmaybe worthwhile toverifyend-user
perceptions.If perceptionsvarythenthe database designer’sjobistoreconcile suchdifferencesand
verifythe resultof reconciliationtoensure thatthe businessrulesare appropriate andaccurate.
3. Describe the three partsinvolvedinanySQL-basedrelational database application.
Answer3.
SQL-basedrelationaldatabase application involvesthree parts:
 End-userinterface:The end-userinterface.Basically,the interface allowsthe enduserto
interactwiththe data (byautomaticallygeneratingSQLcode).Eachinterface isaproduct of
the software vendor’sideaof meaningful interactionwiththe data.Youcan alsodesignyour
owncustomizedinterface withthe helpof applicationgeneratorsthatare now standardfare
inthe database software arena.

2.  Setof tablesstoredinthe database:A collectionof tablesstored inthe database.Ina
relational database,all dataare perceivedtobe storedintables.The tablessimply“present”
the data to the enduser ina way that iseasyto understand.Eachtable isindependent.
Rowsin differenttablesare relatedbycommonvaluesincommonattributes.
 SQL engine:Largelyhiddenfromthe enduser,the SQLengine executesall queries,ordata
requests.Keepinmindthatthe SQLengine ispart of the DBMS software.The enduseruses
SQL to create table structures andto performdata accessand table maintenance.The SQL
engine processesall userrequests—largelybehindthe scenesandwithoutthe end user’s
knowledge.Hence,SQLissaidto be a declarative language that tellswhatmustbe done but
not how.
Part B
Answer1 (a)
CREATE TABLE employee_details
( EMP_CODE int(3) NOT NULL,
EMP_TITLE char(4) NOTNULL,
EMP_LNAME char(50) NOTNULL,
EMP_FNAME char(50) NOT NULL,
EMP_INITIALchar(1) NOTNULL,
EMP_DOB date NOTNULL,
JOB_CODEchar(3) NOT NULL,
STORE_CODE intNOT NULL,
CONSTRAINTemployee_details_pkPRIMARYKEY(employee_details_id)
);
CREATE TABLE job_base_pay
( JOB_CODE char(4) NOT NULL,
JOB_DESCRIPTION char(15) NOTNULL,
JOB_BASE_PAYDECIMAL(2,2),
CONSTRAINTjob_base_pay_pkPRIMARYKEY(job_base_pay_id)
);
CREATE TABLE region_description

3. ( REGION_CODEint(1) NOT NULL,
REGION_DESCRIPTION char(4) NOTNULL,
CONSTRAINTregion_description_pkPRIMARYKEY(region_description_id)
);
CREATE TABLE store_sale
( STORE_CODE int(1) NOTNULL,
STORE_NAME char(50) NOT NULL,
STORE_YTD_SALE DECIMAL(8,2),
REGION_CODEint(1) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINTstore_sale_pkPRIMARYKEY(store_sale_id)
);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(1, 'Mr.', 'Williamson','John','W',21-05-1964, 3);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(2, 'Ms.', 'Ratula', 'Nancy',NULL, 09-02-1969, 2);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(3, 'Ms.', 'Greenboro','Lottie','R', 02-10-1961, 4);

4. INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(4, 'Mrs.', 'Rumpersfro','Jennie','S',01-06-1971, 5);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(5, 'Mr.', 'Smith','Robert','L', 23-11-1959, 3);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(6, 'Mr.', 'Renselaer','Cary','A',25-12-1965, 1);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(7, 'Mr.', 'Ogallo','Roberto','S',31-07-1962, 3);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(8, 'Ms.', 'Johnsson','Elizabeth','I',10-09-1968, 1);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)

5. VALUES
(9, 'Mr.', 'Eindsmar','Jack', 'W', 19-04-1955, 2);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(10, 'Mrs.', 'Jones','Rose','R', 06-03-1966, 4);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(11, 'Mr.', 'Broderick','Tom', NULL, 21-10-1972, 3);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(12, 'Mr.', 'Washington','Alan','Y', 08-09-1974, 2);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(13, 'Mr.', 'Smith','Peter','N', 25-08-1964, 3);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(14, 'Ms.', 'Smith','Sherry','H', 25-05-1966, 4);

6. INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(15, 'Mr.', 'Olenko', 'Howard','U', 24-05-1964, 5);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(16, 'Mr.', 'Archialo','Barry', 'V', 03-09-1960, 5);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(17, 'Ms.', 'Grimaldo','Jeanine','K',12-11-1970, 4);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(18, 'Mr.', 'Rosenberg','Andrew','D',24-01-1971, 4);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(19, 'Mr.', 'Rosten','Peter','F', 03-10-1968, 4);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)

7. VALUES
(20, 'Mr.', 'Mckee', 'Robert','S', 06-03-1970, 1);
INSERT INTOemployee_details
(EMP_CODE, EMP_TITLE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL,EMP_DOB, JOB_CODE,
STORE_CODE)
VALUES
(21, 'Ms.', 'Baumann','Jennifer','A',11-12-1974, 3);
INSERT INTOjob_base_pay
(JOB_CODE,JOB_DESCRIPTION,JOB_BASE_PAY)
VALUES
('GEN', 'General support',7.50);
INSERT INTOjob_base_pay
(JOB_CODE,JOB_DESCRIPTION,JOB_BASE_PAY)
VALUES
('MGR', 'Manager', 37.40);
INSERT INTOjob_base_pay
(JOB_CODE,JOB_DESCRIPTION,JOB_BASE_PAY)
VALUES
('SEC', 'Secretary',18.95);
INSERT INTOregion_description
(REGION_CODE,REGION_DESCRIPTION)
VALUES
(1, 'East');
INSERT INTOregion_description
(REGION_CODE,REGION_DESCRIPTION)

8. VALUES
(2, 'West');
INSERT INTOstore_sale
(STORE_CODE,STORE_NAME, STORE_YTD_SALE, REGION_CODE)
VALUES
(1, 'AccessJunction',1003455.76, 2);
INSERT INTOstore_sale
(STORE_CODE,STORE_NAME, STORE_YTD_SALE, REGION_CODE)
VALUES
(2, 'Database Corner',1421987.39, 2);
INSERT INTOstore_sale
(STORE_CODE,STORE_NAME, STORE_YTD_SALE, REGION_CODE)
VALUES
(3, 'Tuple Charge',98678322, 1);
INSERT INTOstore_sale
(STORE_CODE,STORE_NAME, STORE_YTD_SALE, REGION_CODE)
VALUES
(4, 'Attribute Alley',944568.56, 2);
INSERT INTOstore_sale
(STORE_CODE,STORE_NAME, STORE_YTD_SALE, REGION_CODE)
VALUES
(5, 'PrimaryKeyPoint',2930098.45, 1);
Answer1 (b)