Suspected Chinese spies, disguised as tourists, tried to infiltrate Alaskan military bases
Dock, Gold country – Chinese residents acting like travelers yet associated with being spies have made a few endeavors as of late to get sufficiently close to military offices in this immense state studded with delicate bases, as per U.S. authorities.
RMC Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update - January 2019ChadCogan
In this edition of RMC's Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update, a ‘resurgent’ al Qaeda is looking to target aviation in Europe, while conversely, recent arrests highlight the ongoing threat posed by domestic terrorists in the Homeland. Separately, the U.K. experienced another temporary airport shutdown after a non-attributable UAS sighting in the vicinity of the airport.
Rmc intelligence and analysis division open source update march 2019ChadCogan
In the March 2019 Open Source Update, an internal security review discovered Chinese hackers are exploiting critical vulnerabilities in the U.S. Navy’s and its security partners cyber networks. Additionally, an active duty Coast Guardsman plotting a terror attack was foiled by an insider threat detection program.
Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen.
- Michael Jordan
Effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined by results not attributes.
- Peter Drucker
RMC Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update - January 2019ChadCogan
In this edition of RMC's Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update, a ‘resurgent’ al Qaeda is looking to target aviation in Europe, while conversely, recent arrests highlight the ongoing threat posed by domestic terrorists in the Homeland. Separately, the U.K. experienced another temporary airport shutdown after a non-attributable UAS sighting in the vicinity of the airport.
Rmc intelligence and analysis division open source update march 2019ChadCogan
In the March 2019 Open Source Update, an internal security review discovered Chinese hackers are exploiting critical vulnerabilities in the U.S. Navy’s and its security partners cyber networks. Additionally, an active duty Coast Guardsman plotting a terror attack was foiled by an insider threat detection program.
Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen.
- Michael Jordan
Effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined by results not attributes.
- Peter Drucker
RAND Corporation Chapter Title The U.S. Invasion of .docxaudeleypearl
RAND Corporation
Chapter Title: The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 2003
Book Title: Blinders, Blunders, and Wars
Book Subtitle: What America and China Can Learn
Book Author(s): David C. Gompert, Hans Binnendijk and Bonny Lin
Published by: RAND Corporation. (2014)
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt1287m9t.21
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
RAND Corporation is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
Blinders, Blunders, and Wars
This content downloaded from 80.227.100.60 on Sun, 03 Nov 2019 12:25:27 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
161
ChAPter FOUrteen
The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 2003
States like [Iraq, Iran, and North Korea] and their terrorist allies constitute an axis of
evil. . . . By seeking weapons of mass destruction, these regimes pose a grave and growing
danger. . . . I will not wait on events while dangers gather.
—President George W. Bush, State of the Union, January 29, 2002
For us, war is always the proof of failure and the worst of solutions, so everything must
be done to avoid it.
—President Jacques Chirac to a joint session of the French and German parlia-
ments, January 2003
Dividends of Misjudgment
President George W. Bush’s decision to invade Iraq on March 20, 2003, was not a
blunder on the scale of those of Napoleon, Hitler, and Tojo.1 There was a case to be
made on several grounds for operations against Saddam Hussein. The initial phase of
combat was highly successful, and some still argue that the American investment was
worth the cost of toppling the Saddam regime. Bush was reelected in November of
2004 as much because of as despite his invasion of Iraq. His subsequent 2007 decision
to launch the “surge” did limit some of the damage.
The main premise for the war was that Saddam had weapons of mass destruction
(WMDs) and that these were at risk of falling into the hands of terrorists. In the end,
however, there were no such weapons, and Saddam’s links to al Qaeda were unproven.2
This robbed the invasion of legitimacy. The insurgency that ensued after initial combat
operation robbed the invasion of success. Today, the United States has less influence
in Baghdad than Iran does. Iraq is a Shia-dominated state with an alienated Sunni
minority, rampant violence, and virtually no control over the Kurdish north. At least
134,000 Iraqis died as a direct result of the American invasion, and the violence there
continues.
This content downloaded from 80.227.100.60 on Sun, 03 Nov 2019 12:25:27 UTC
Al ...
Munitions dealers arrested for conspiracy to export military aircraft parts t...muculetz
Jeff Bush, Department of Justice, ICE Agent Sammy Cruzcoriano, Jeffrey H. Sloman, Acting United States Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, David Kris, Assistant Attorney General for National Security, Michael Johnson, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Export Enforcement, Anthony V. Mangione, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Investigations, and Amie R. Tanchak, Resident Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Defense, Government Conspiracy,Defense Criminal Investigative Service, R. Alexander Acosta, United States Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, Michael Johnson, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Export Enforcement, Anthony V. Mangione, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Investigations, and Christopher Amato, Special Agent in Charge of the Pentagon's Defense Criminal Investigative Service, Southeast Field Office, Revolution in Romania,R. Alexander Acosta, U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Florida; David Kris, Assistant Attorney General for National Security; Michael Johnson, Special Agentin Charge, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Export Enforcement; Anthony V. Mangione, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Investigations; and Amie R. Tanchak, Resident Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Criminal Investigative Service, Judge Patrick A. White, Judge Patricia A. Seitz, Judge John M. O’Sullivan, Attorney Mark Eiglarsh, Attorney Michael Cohen,C.I.A.,Defende Intelligence Agency,National Intelligence Agency,Department of State,Department of Navy,Interpol,F.B.I., National Security Agency, FBI Special Agent in Charge, Michael Johnson,Traian Bujduveanu,Revolution in Iran,Attorney Robert G. Amsel
Chapter TwoAmerican Foreign PolicyGlenn P. HastedtDaJinElias52
Chapter Two
American Foreign Policy
Glenn P. Hastedt
Dateline: The South China Sea
By definition, foreign policy is outward-looking and seeks to promote the national interest. Disagreement exists over how best to anticipate threats and recognize opportunities found beyond state borders. Do we look at the structure of the international system, changing relations between countries, or specific events? Each of these focal points presents itself as the United States formulates a foreign policy to respond to Chinese actions in the South China Sea.1
Some 648,000 square nautical miles, the South China Sea is one of the world’s largest semi-enclosed seas. Five countries (six if Taiwan is counted) with a combined population of about 270 million are found along its borders: China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei, and Malaysia. All claim 28sovereignty over some or all of it. China argues that these islands have been Chinese territory “since antiquity.” At issue is control not only over the waters and the airspace above it, but also over some four hundred to six hundred rocks, reefs, atolls, and islands. The two largest groupings of land in the South China Sea are the Spratly and Paracel Islands. Both have been the focal point of military-political conflicts involving competing claims made by China, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The United States has taken no official position on these conflicting territorial claims, other than rejecting China’s claim to sovereignty over virtually all of it.
Three geostrategic factors come together to frame the South China Sea foreign policy problem facing the United States. First, the South China Sea is a critical passageway for global commercial shipping and naval operations linking the Middle East and Africa to Asia. The amount of oil passing through its waters is six times larger than that going through the Suez Canal. Second, evidence points to the presence of potentially significant natural energy reserves beneath the South China Sea that the Chinese media refer to as “the second Persian Gulf.” Third, the South China Sea is of great strategic importance to China. It is often spoken of in terms comparable to the United States’ traditional view of the Caribbean Sea. To a considerable degree it was in recognition of China’s growing economic and military power, along with the key role that the South China Sea played in China’s foreign policy thinking, that President Obama called for a “pivot” to Asia when he became president.
Tensions between the United States and China have grown noticeably over the past decade. As China’s military and economic power have increased, the U.S. has placed greater emphasis on Asia in its foreign policy. In November 2013, after China unilaterally claimed the right to police a contested portion of the airspace over the South China Sea, the United States sent two B-52 bombers into that zone without asking permission. In May 2014, without notice, China unilaterally placed a $1 billion deep ...
The meteoric rise of ISIS has justifiably spurred an examination of which U.S. policies might have led to a less dire outcome in territories now controlled by the group. One common focus is the Obama administration's decision to forgo a troop presence in Iraq after 2011. However, while troops would have given Washington more leverage, the question of whether they could have prevented the rise of ISIS is hardly clear-cut.
In this new Policy Note, James F. Jeffrey, who served as U.S. ambassador to Iraq from 2010 to 2012, draws on his intimate experience with the troop-basing issue to explain what really happened three years ago. By discussing complex factors such as judicial immunity for American forces, political shifts in Baghdad, and rhetorical shifts within the Obama administration, he outlines lessons that Washington can draw from the Islamic State's ascendance.
Read Ambassador Jeffrey's accompanying Wall Street Journal article "Behind the U.S. Withdrawal From Iraq":
http://online.wsj.com/articles/james-franklin-jeffrey-behind-the-u-s-withdrawal-from-iraq-1414972705
Intelligence Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 1995 Publi.docxbagotjesusa
Intelligence Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 1995
Public Law 103-359 October 14, 1994
Title IX-Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community
Sec. 901. Establishment.
There is established a commission to be known as the Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the
United States Intelligence Community (hereafter in this title referred to as the "Commission").
Full Commission report available at: http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/report.html
Appendix A:
The Evolution of the U.S. Intelligence
Community-An Historical Overview
The function of intelligence as an activity of the U.S. Government is often regarded as a product of the
Cold War. Indeed, much of what is known today as the Intelligence Community was created and
developed during the Cold War period. But intelligence has been a function of the Government since the
founding of the Republic. While it has had various incarnations over time, intelligence has historically
played a key role in providing support to U.S. military forces and in shaping the policies of the United
States toward other countries.
The Early Years of the Republic
During the Revolutionary War, General George Washington was an avid user of intelligence as well as a
consummate practitioner of the intelligence craft. Records show that shortly after taking command of the
Continental Army in 1775, Washington paid an unidentified agent to live in Boston and surreptitiously
report by use of "secret correspondence" on the movements of British forces. Indeed, Washington
recruited and ran a number of agents, set up spy rings, devised secret methods of reporting, analyzed the
raw intelligence gathered by his agents, and mounted an extensive campaign to deceive the British
armies. Historians cite these activities as having played a major role in the victory at Yorktown and in
the ability of the Continental Army to evade the British during the winters at Valley Forge.
In a letter to one of his officers written in 1777, Washington wrote that secrecy was key to the success of
intelligence activities:
http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/report.html
"The necessity of procuring good intelligence is apparent and need not be further urged-All that
remains for me to add is, that you keep the whole matter as secret as possible. For upon Secrecy,
success depends in most Enterprises of the kind, & for want of it, they are generally defeated,
however, well planned...." [letter to Colonel Elias Dayton, 26 July 1777]
Washington was not the only one to recognize the importance of intelligence to the colonials' cause. In
November of 1775, the Continental Congress created the Committee of Secret Correspondence to gather
foreign intelligence from people in England, Ireland, and elsewhere on the European continent to help in
the prosecution of the war.
Washington's keen interest in intelligence carried over to his presidency. In the fi.
Intelligence Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 1995 Publi.docxvrickens
Intelligence Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 1995
Public Law 103-359 October 14, 1994
Title IX-Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community
Sec. 901. Establishment.
There is established a commission to be known as the Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the
United States Intelligence Community (hereafter in this title referred to as the "Commission").
Full Commission report available at: http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/report.html
Appendix A:
The Evolution of the U.S. Intelligence
Community-An Historical Overview
The function of intelligence as an activity of the U.S. Government is often regarded as a product of the
Cold War. Indeed, much of what is known today as the Intelligence Community was created and
developed during the Cold War period. But intelligence has been a function of the Government since the
founding of the Republic. While it has had various incarnations over time, intelligence has historically
played a key role in providing support to U.S. military forces and in shaping the policies of the United
States toward other countries.
The Early Years of the Republic
During the Revolutionary War, General George Washington was an avid user of intelligence as well as a
consummate practitioner of the intelligence craft. Records show that shortly after taking command of the
Continental Army in 1775, Washington paid an unidentified agent to live in Boston and surreptitiously
report by use of "secret correspondence" on the movements of British forces. Indeed, Washington
recruited and ran a number of agents, set up spy rings, devised secret methods of reporting, analyzed the
raw intelligence gathered by his agents, and mounted an extensive campaign to deceive the British
armies. Historians cite these activities as having played a major role in the victory at Yorktown and in
the ability of the Continental Army to evade the British during the winters at Valley Forge.
In a letter to one of his officers written in 1777, Washington wrote that secrecy was key to the success of
intelligence activities:
http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/report.html
"The necessity of procuring good intelligence is apparent and need not be further urged-All that
remains for me to add is, that you keep the whole matter as secret as possible. For upon Secrecy,
success depends in most Enterprises of the kind, & for want of it, they are generally defeated,
however, well planned...." [letter to Colonel Elias Dayton, 26 July 1777]
Washington was not the only one to recognize the importance of intelligence to the colonials' cause. In
November of 1775, the Continental Congress created the Committee of Secret Correspondence to gather
foreign intelligence from people in England, Ireland, and elsewhere on the European continent to help in
the prosecution of the war.
Washington's keen interest in intelligence carried over to his presidency. In the fi ...
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
RAND Corporation Chapter Title The U.S. Invasion of .docxaudeleypearl
RAND Corporation
Chapter Title: The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 2003
Book Title: Blinders, Blunders, and Wars
Book Subtitle: What America and China Can Learn
Book Author(s): David C. Gompert, Hans Binnendijk and Bonny Lin
Published by: RAND Corporation. (2014)
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt1287m9t.21
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
RAND Corporation is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
Blinders, Blunders, and Wars
This content downloaded from 80.227.100.60 on Sun, 03 Nov 2019 12:25:27 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
161
ChAPter FOUrteen
The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 2003
States like [Iraq, Iran, and North Korea] and their terrorist allies constitute an axis of
evil. . . . By seeking weapons of mass destruction, these regimes pose a grave and growing
danger. . . . I will not wait on events while dangers gather.
—President George W. Bush, State of the Union, January 29, 2002
For us, war is always the proof of failure and the worst of solutions, so everything must
be done to avoid it.
—President Jacques Chirac to a joint session of the French and German parlia-
ments, January 2003
Dividends of Misjudgment
President George W. Bush’s decision to invade Iraq on March 20, 2003, was not a
blunder on the scale of those of Napoleon, Hitler, and Tojo.1 There was a case to be
made on several grounds for operations against Saddam Hussein. The initial phase of
combat was highly successful, and some still argue that the American investment was
worth the cost of toppling the Saddam regime. Bush was reelected in November of
2004 as much because of as despite his invasion of Iraq. His subsequent 2007 decision
to launch the “surge” did limit some of the damage.
The main premise for the war was that Saddam had weapons of mass destruction
(WMDs) and that these were at risk of falling into the hands of terrorists. In the end,
however, there were no such weapons, and Saddam’s links to al Qaeda were unproven.2
This robbed the invasion of legitimacy. The insurgency that ensued after initial combat
operation robbed the invasion of success. Today, the United States has less influence
in Baghdad than Iran does. Iraq is a Shia-dominated state with an alienated Sunni
minority, rampant violence, and virtually no control over the Kurdish north. At least
134,000 Iraqis died as a direct result of the American invasion, and the violence there
continues.
This content downloaded from 80.227.100.60 on Sun, 03 Nov 2019 12:25:27 UTC
Al ...
Munitions dealers arrested for conspiracy to export military aircraft parts t...muculetz
Jeff Bush, Department of Justice, ICE Agent Sammy Cruzcoriano, Jeffrey H. Sloman, Acting United States Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, David Kris, Assistant Attorney General for National Security, Michael Johnson, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Export Enforcement, Anthony V. Mangione, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Investigations, and Amie R. Tanchak, Resident Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Defense, Government Conspiracy,Defense Criminal Investigative Service, R. Alexander Acosta, United States Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, Michael Johnson, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Export Enforcement, Anthony V. Mangione, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Investigations, and Christopher Amato, Special Agent in Charge of the Pentagon's Defense Criminal Investigative Service, Southeast Field Office, Revolution in Romania,R. Alexander Acosta, U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Florida; David Kris, Assistant Attorney General for National Security; Michael Johnson, Special Agentin Charge, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Export Enforcement; Anthony V. Mangione, Special Agent in Charge, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Investigations; and Amie R. Tanchak, Resident Agent in Charge, U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Criminal Investigative Service, Judge Patrick A. White, Judge Patricia A. Seitz, Judge John M. O’Sullivan, Attorney Mark Eiglarsh, Attorney Michael Cohen,C.I.A.,Defende Intelligence Agency,National Intelligence Agency,Department of State,Department of Navy,Interpol,F.B.I., National Security Agency, FBI Special Agent in Charge, Michael Johnson,Traian Bujduveanu,Revolution in Iran,Attorney Robert G. Amsel
Chapter TwoAmerican Foreign PolicyGlenn P. HastedtDaJinElias52
Chapter Two
American Foreign Policy
Glenn P. Hastedt
Dateline: The South China Sea
By definition, foreign policy is outward-looking and seeks to promote the national interest. Disagreement exists over how best to anticipate threats and recognize opportunities found beyond state borders. Do we look at the structure of the international system, changing relations between countries, or specific events? Each of these focal points presents itself as the United States formulates a foreign policy to respond to Chinese actions in the South China Sea.1
Some 648,000 square nautical miles, the South China Sea is one of the world’s largest semi-enclosed seas. Five countries (six if Taiwan is counted) with a combined population of about 270 million are found along its borders: China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei, and Malaysia. All claim 28sovereignty over some or all of it. China argues that these islands have been Chinese territory “since antiquity.” At issue is control not only over the waters and the airspace above it, but also over some four hundred to six hundred rocks, reefs, atolls, and islands. The two largest groupings of land in the South China Sea are the Spratly and Paracel Islands. Both have been the focal point of military-political conflicts involving competing claims made by China, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The United States has taken no official position on these conflicting territorial claims, other than rejecting China’s claim to sovereignty over virtually all of it.
Three geostrategic factors come together to frame the South China Sea foreign policy problem facing the United States. First, the South China Sea is a critical passageway for global commercial shipping and naval operations linking the Middle East and Africa to Asia. The amount of oil passing through its waters is six times larger than that going through the Suez Canal. Second, evidence points to the presence of potentially significant natural energy reserves beneath the South China Sea that the Chinese media refer to as “the second Persian Gulf.” Third, the South China Sea is of great strategic importance to China. It is often spoken of in terms comparable to the United States’ traditional view of the Caribbean Sea. To a considerable degree it was in recognition of China’s growing economic and military power, along with the key role that the South China Sea played in China’s foreign policy thinking, that President Obama called for a “pivot” to Asia when he became president.
Tensions between the United States and China have grown noticeably over the past decade. As China’s military and economic power have increased, the U.S. has placed greater emphasis on Asia in its foreign policy. In November 2013, after China unilaterally claimed the right to police a contested portion of the airspace over the South China Sea, the United States sent two B-52 bombers into that zone without asking permission. In May 2014, without notice, China unilaterally placed a $1 billion deep ...
The meteoric rise of ISIS has justifiably spurred an examination of which U.S. policies might have led to a less dire outcome in territories now controlled by the group. One common focus is the Obama administration's decision to forgo a troop presence in Iraq after 2011. However, while troops would have given Washington more leverage, the question of whether they could have prevented the rise of ISIS is hardly clear-cut.
In this new Policy Note, James F. Jeffrey, who served as U.S. ambassador to Iraq from 2010 to 2012, draws on his intimate experience with the troop-basing issue to explain what really happened three years ago. By discussing complex factors such as judicial immunity for American forces, political shifts in Baghdad, and rhetorical shifts within the Obama administration, he outlines lessons that Washington can draw from the Islamic State's ascendance.
Read Ambassador Jeffrey's accompanying Wall Street Journal article "Behind the U.S. Withdrawal From Iraq":
http://online.wsj.com/articles/james-franklin-jeffrey-behind-the-u-s-withdrawal-from-iraq-1414972705
Intelligence Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 1995 Publi.docxbagotjesusa
Intelligence Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 1995
Public Law 103-359 October 14, 1994
Title IX-Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community
Sec. 901. Establishment.
There is established a commission to be known as the Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the
United States Intelligence Community (hereafter in this title referred to as the "Commission").
Full Commission report available at: http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/report.html
Appendix A:
The Evolution of the U.S. Intelligence
Community-An Historical Overview
The function of intelligence as an activity of the U.S. Government is often regarded as a product of the
Cold War. Indeed, much of what is known today as the Intelligence Community was created and
developed during the Cold War period. But intelligence has been a function of the Government since the
founding of the Republic. While it has had various incarnations over time, intelligence has historically
played a key role in providing support to U.S. military forces and in shaping the policies of the United
States toward other countries.
The Early Years of the Republic
During the Revolutionary War, General George Washington was an avid user of intelligence as well as a
consummate practitioner of the intelligence craft. Records show that shortly after taking command of the
Continental Army in 1775, Washington paid an unidentified agent to live in Boston and surreptitiously
report by use of "secret correspondence" on the movements of British forces. Indeed, Washington
recruited and ran a number of agents, set up spy rings, devised secret methods of reporting, analyzed the
raw intelligence gathered by his agents, and mounted an extensive campaign to deceive the British
armies. Historians cite these activities as having played a major role in the victory at Yorktown and in
the ability of the Continental Army to evade the British during the winters at Valley Forge.
In a letter to one of his officers written in 1777, Washington wrote that secrecy was key to the success of
intelligence activities:
http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/report.html
"The necessity of procuring good intelligence is apparent and need not be further urged-All that
remains for me to add is, that you keep the whole matter as secret as possible. For upon Secrecy,
success depends in most Enterprises of the kind, & for want of it, they are generally defeated,
however, well planned...." [letter to Colonel Elias Dayton, 26 July 1777]
Washington was not the only one to recognize the importance of intelligence to the colonials' cause. In
November of 1775, the Continental Congress created the Committee of Secret Correspondence to gather
foreign intelligence from people in England, Ireland, and elsewhere on the European continent to help in
the prosecution of the war.
Washington's keen interest in intelligence carried over to his presidency. In the fi.
Intelligence Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 1995 Publi.docxvrickens
Intelligence Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 1995
Public Law 103-359 October 14, 1994
Title IX-Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community
Sec. 901. Establishment.
There is established a commission to be known as the Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the
United States Intelligence Community (hereafter in this title referred to as the "Commission").
Full Commission report available at: http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/report.html
Appendix A:
The Evolution of the U.S. Intelligence
Community-An Historical Overview
The function of intelligence as an activity of the U.S. Government is often regarded as a product of the
Cold War. Indeed, much of what is known today as the Intelligence Community was created and
developed during the Cold War period. But intelligence has been a function of the Government since the
founding of the Republic. While it has had various incarnations over time, intelligence has historically
played a key role in providing support to U.S. military forces and in shaping the policies of the United
States toward other countries.
The Early Years of the Republic
During the Revolutionary War, General George Washington was an avid user of intelligence as well as a
consummate practitioner of the intelligence craft. Records show that shortly after taking command of the
Continental Army in 1775, Washington paid an unidentified agent to live in Boston and surreptitiously
report by use of "secret correspondence" on the movements of British forces. Indeed, Washington
recruited and ran a number of agents, set up spy rings, devised secret methods of reporting, analyzed the
raw intelligence gathered by his agents, and mounted an extensive campaign to deceive the British
armies. Historians cite these activities as having played a major role in the victory at Yorktown and in
the ability of the Continental Army to evade the British during the winters at Valley Forge.
In a letter to one of his officers written in 1777, Washington wrote that secrecy was key to the success of
intelligence activities:
http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/report.html
"The necessity of procuring good intelligence is apparent and need not be further urged-All that
remains for me to add is, that you keep the whole matter as secret as possible. For upon Secrecy,
success depends in most Enterprises of the kind, & for want of it, they are generally defeated,
however, well planned...." [letter to Colonel Elias Dayton, 26 July 1777]
Washington was not the only one to recognize the importance of intelligence to the colonials' cause. In
November of 1775, the Continental Congress created the Committee of Secret Correspondence to gather
foreign intelligence from people in England, Ireland, and elsewhere on the European continent to help in
the prosecution of the war.
Washington's keen interest in intelligence carried over to his presidency. In the fi ...
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
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An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
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1. Suspected Chinese spies,
disguised as tourists, tried to
infiltrate Alaskan military bases
May 31, 2023 by dil097160@gmail.com
Dock, Gold country – Chinese residents acting like travelers yet associated
with being spies have made a few endeavors as of late to get sufficiently close
to military offices in this immense state studded with delicate bases, as per
U.S. authorities.
In one occurrence, a vehicle with Chinese residents blew past a security
designated spot at Post Wainwright in Fairbanks, a few officers told USA
TODAY. The vehicle was at last halted, and a pursuit tracked down a robot
2. inside the vehicle. The inhabitants asserted they were travelers who had
gotten lost.
Large numbers of the experiences have been credited to honest mix-ups by
unfamiliar guests purpose on survey Aurora Borealis and different attractions
in The Frozen North, authorities say. Different endeavors to enter U.S. army
installations, be that as it may, appear to be tests to find out about U.S. military
capacities in Gold country, as per various troopers acquainted with the
occurrences however who were not approved to talk freely about them.
Not every person who seem, by all accounts, to be sightseers in Gold country,
are, as a matter of fact vacationers, one Armed force official said. All things
considered, they are unfamiliar government operatives.
Insights regarding the episodes remain generally ordered. Nonetheless,
military briefings and openly accessible data spread out why the Chinese
government would be keen on Gold country where a portion of the Pentagon’s
most complex military capacities and top of the line war games dwell.
The Pentagon’s No. 2 authority, Kathleen Hicks, challenged when requested
to remark on thought Chinese spying at military offices in Gold country. She
said the military is finding a way various ways to ensure those bases are
secure yet she gave no particulars.
3. FBI and Justice Department involvement
The FBI and Branch of Equity assume control over cases from the military
including thought spies.
FBI Chief Christopher Wray routinely sounds alerts about Chinese
government-supported undercover work, accusing Socialist pioneers there,
not its residents or Chinese Americans.
4. Wray has assessed that the FBI opens another examination on
Chinese-government supported surveillance like clockwork.
“There is no question that the best long haul danger to our country’s thoughts,
our monetary security and our public safety is that presented by the Chinese
socialist government,” Wray said in a discourse in April.
A vital worry about instrusions on U.S. army installations might have as a lot to
do about what is abandoned than photographs taken, said David Deptula, a
resigned three-star Flying corps general who was the help’s senior official for
knowledge.
Spies could abandon sensors that could get delicate correspondences, as per
Deptula, who his now dignitary of the Mitchell Foundation for Aviation Power
Studies.
The Chinese government office in Washington didn’t answer messages and
calls mentioning remark.
5. Why The Frozen North? Radars, rockets, state of the art war games
The Frozen North has three huge army installations — Joint Base
Elmendorf-Richardson in Safe haven, and Post Wainwright and Eielson Flying
corps Base close to Fairbanks — alongside a few more modest
establishments. When viewed as a backwater in the military, Gold country has
seen the Pentagon progressively channel assets and troops to the state as of
late as contest in the Cold warms up. The state is likewise viewed as key to
country protection given its nearness to Russia, the long range rocket danger
from North Korea and, progressively, China.
The Flying corps has based its top warrior jets, F-22s and F-35s, in The
Frozen North. The Military’s Stronghold Greely, close to Fairbanks, has
modern radars and rockets ready to protect against atomic assault. Last year,
the Military actuated the eleventh Airborne Division in Gold country as cold
fighting subject matter experts. There are around 12,000 officers and 10,000
deployment ready Flying corps staff positioned in Gold country.
Gold country’s tremendous wild manages the cost of the Pentagon the
potential chance to lead significant military activities over land and adrift. Huge
number of troops and in excess of 150 warplanes from the US, Joined Realm
and Australia warplanes participated in the new Northern Edge war game. The
yearly activity assists troops with preparing against worldwide superpowers, of
whom, the US has two: Russia and China.
Strains between the US and China have ascended over the course of the past
year. The Chinese government operative inflatable crossed the US caused a
conciliatory break, provoking secretary of State Antony Blinken to drop an
excursion to Beijing. China’s help for Russia after its unlawful attack of
Ukraine is one more place of grinding. What’s more, China’s plans on Taiwan,
the beneficiary of billions in U.S. military guide, have extended doubt.
Those strains were featured May 26 when a Chinese warrior fly had a perilous
experience with a U.S. spy plane flying over global waters in the South China
Ocean, as per the Pentagon’s Indo-Pacific Order. The Chinese fly flew before
the U.S. Flying corps Bolt Joint reconnaisance, compelling it to experience
choppiness, the Indo-Pacific Order reported Tuesday.
The Frozen North’s size — over twice the size of Texas — distance and
savage winter chilly, when seen as defensive boundaries, give less security to
6. meddlesome eyes. A dangerous atmospheric devation has opened delivery
paths in the Cold, and the Pentagon has followed Chinese fishing armadas
pushing farther north toward Gold country lately looking for more noteworthy
gets.
Beefed up security at military sites
Security at a few military destinations in The Frozen North has been
reinforced as the Pentagon centers around the cold, two authorities said.
In a September interview with the Pentagon’s news organization the previous
fall, Iris Ferguson, representative collaborator secretary of Protection for Cold
and Worldwide Strengths said Chinese pioneers have “been attempting to
embed themselves into the Icy.”
“Thus, we’re by and large extremely careful about their movement and in
needing to guarantee that our advantages are safeguarded in the district,”
Ferguson said.
In late January, the Chinese covert operative inflatable, manipulated with
cutting edge sensors, first entered U.S. airspace over The Frozen North’s
Aleutian Islands, a 1,100-mile archipelago. The occurrence held onto public
7. consideration as it floated across the landmass and moved over touchy
military destinations prior to being shot down off the shore of South Carolina.
The long-range radar establishments that ring the state, when zeroed in
basically on Russian warplanes, are presently adjusted to recognize spy
inflatables from China.
During a new visit to The Frozen North, Hicks was gotten some information
about possible occurrences of Chinese spying. She didn’t recognize them,
rather zeroing in on endeavors overall to keep bases secure.
“We take the wellbeing and security of our kin in our establishments
genuinely,” said Hicks, the delegate Safeguard secretary. “We in every case
live with the chance of interruption on our establishments, thus we endeavor
to ensure, working close by state and nearby specialists and others, that those
bases and establishments are shielded from dangers. We go to a ton of
lengths to do that. What’s more, we will ensure we can keep on safeguarding
our establishment so our people can play out their missions.”
As of late, there have been different interruptions at army installations in the
Lower 48 states.
In 2019, a government judge condemned a Chinese understudy to a year in
jail for unlawfully taking photographs at Maritime Air Station Key West in
8. Florida. His legal counselor said Zhao Qianli, 20, was only a traveler who had
gotten lost, as per the Related Press. Be that as it may, the maritime base,
where F-35 pilots train, isn’t a traveler area of interest. It is obviously
separated limits, and Zhao’s camera and cellphone had just photographs from
the air station.