This document discusses disaster management. It covers topics like coping strategies, changing concepts of disaster management, industrial safety plans, safety norms and survival kits, the role of mass media in disaster management, strategies for disaster management planning, formulating disaster risk reduction plans, disaster management acts and policies in India, and organizational structures for disaster management preparation at the state and district levels.

1. 1
REV5D004 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Module IV
Coping with Disaster: Coping Strategies; alternative adjustment processes -
Changing
Concepts of disaster management - Industrial Safety Plan; Safety norms and survival
kits -
Mass media and disaster management
Planning for disaster management: Strategies for disaster management planning -
Steps for
formulating a disaster risk reduction plan - Disaster management Act and Policy in
India -
Organizational structure for disaster management in India - Preparation of state and
district
disaster management plans
DISASTER MANAGEME
Mr. Saujanya Kumar Sahu
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Government College of Engineering, Kalahandi
Email : saujanyaks@gmail.com

2. [1.1] Coping Strategies
2

3. [1.1] Coping Strategies
3

4. [1.2] Alternative adjustment
processes
4

5. [1.3] Changing Concepts of
disaster management
5

6. [1.3] Changing Concepts of
disaster management
6

7. [1.4] Industrial Safety Plan
7

8. [1.5] Safety norms and survival
kits
8

9. [1.6] Mass media and disaster
management
• Definition of media
• Characteristics and ustility of media
• Types of media in disaster management
• Importance of media
• Role of media
a) Informative
b) Suggestive
c) Analytical
 Ethical reporting
9

10. [1.6] Mass media and disaster
management
10

11. [2.1] Strategies for
disaster management planning
11

12. [2.2] Steps for formulating a
disaster risk reduction plan
12

13. [2.3] Disaster management Act
and Policy in India
13

14. [2.4] Organizational structure for
disaster management in India
14

15. [2.5] Preparation of state and
district
disaster management plans
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
15

16. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
16

17. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
17

18. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
18

19. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
19

20. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
20

21. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
21

22. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
22

23. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
23

24. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
24

25. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
25

26. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
26

27. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
27

28. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
28

29. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
29

30. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
30

31. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
31

32. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
32

33. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
33

34. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
34

35. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
35

36. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
36

37. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
37

38. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
38

39. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
39

40. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
40

41. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
41

42. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
42

43. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
43

44. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
44

45. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
45

46. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
46

47. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
47

48. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
48

49. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
49

50. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
50

51. Contours:
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation.
Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
several points in the area.
A numerical value placed upon a contour line to denote its elevation relative to
a given datum, usually mean sea level is called Contour Value. The contour
lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two
consecutive lines constant.
Alternatively , a contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of
intersection of a level surface with the surface of ground. This means every
point on a contour line has the same altitude as that of the assumed
intersecting surface.
The process of tracing contour lines on the surface of the earth is called
contouring and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called contour
maps.
51