The document discusses different types of comparisons in English including: - Comparative of superiority which uses "faster than" or "bigger than" to compare qualities. - Comparative of inferiority which uses "not as...as" or "less than" to compare qualities. - Comparative equality which uses "as...as" to show two things as equal. It also explains how to form the superlative degree in English, including adding "-est" for monosyllabic words or using "the most/least" for polysyllabic words to indicate the highest or lowest degree of a quality.