1. SUMO Defeats Protein Aggregates That Typify Parkinson’s Disease and Impaired Activity of the Protein MTOR a Strain On the Heart PLUTARCO ANDRES UZCATEGUI MEDICAL STUDENT

4. INTRODUCCION Small proteins called SUMO can be one solution for neurodegenerative diseases Some drugs used for a cancer treatment can produce heart dysfunction

5. Impaired Activity of the Protein MTOR a Strain On the Heart Drugs that inhibit the protein MTOR, which are used to treat several forms of cancer, might have adverse effects on heart function in patients with ongoing heart dysfunction.

6. Impaired Activity of the Protein MTOR a Strain On the Heart It was found that adult mice lacking MTOR in their heart muscle cells developed a fatal heart condition.

7. Impaired Activity of the Protein MTOR a Strain On the Heart Disease was associated with accumulation of the protein 4E-BP1, which is an inhibitor of protein generation that is normally held in check by a protein complex containing MTOR.

8. Impaired Activity of the Protein MTOR a Strain On the Heart Thus, decreased MTOR activity impairs the protective heart response to stress, by enhancing 4E-BP1 activity, providing a potential new therapeutic strategy for improving heart function in patients with heart failure.

9. Observation These findings, although they appear simple, are very important when talking about future treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. You can also change the way you think about the disease, and encourage the investigation of other risk factors.

10. SUMO Defeats Protein Aggregates That Typify Parkinson’s Disease Insoluble protein clusters are the hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases. In PD, neurons harbor insoluble clumps of the protein alpha-synuclein.

11. SUMO Defeats Protein Aggregates That Typify Parkinson’s Disease A possible clue for PD came when researchers overexpressed alpha-synuclein in human kidney cells and found that the protein was modified by the addition of the small, ubiquitin - like molecule SUMO.

12. SUMO Defeats Protein Aggregates That Typify Parkinson’s Disease Researchers tested whether sumoylating purified alpha-synuclein hindered its clustering into fibrils, filaments similar to those detected in neurons of PD patients.

13. SUMO Defeats Protein Aggregates That Typify Parkinson’s Disease After several experiments, we found that SUMO protein binds to two sites in alpha-synuclein ant that alterations in this protein causes apoptosis in cells of the substantianigra, as a parkinson’s disease.

14. Observation There are many risk factors for heart disease, these studies are important to minimize the risks when administering a treatment to more aggressive diseases. It is also important to realize that if there are drugs that inhibit MTOR, there may be other drugs that inhibit other proteins and that may cause disease of any kind.

15. Medical utility These developments are of great importance, since we find progress towards an adequate treatment of diseases very important and everyday life as parkinson’s disease and heart disease.

16. Medical utility The SUMO proteins can reduce the pileups formed by the alpha-synuclein protein. The alpha-synuclein protein pileups are characteristic from some diseases like Parkinson’s disease.

17. Medical utility In the near future, we can provide a better care to patients treated with MTOR inhibitor drugs, because we can take consideration whether to apply a treatment whit these drugs to patients with heart disease.

18. Medical utility The study of various proteins and their function in the organism has recently been of great importance, because thanks to these advances has gained valuable information from certain treatments, which could be effective in diseases that are very important today.

19. Bibliography Science. ‘’SUMO Defeats Protein Aggregates That Typify Parkinson’s Disease’’. ScienceDaily. July 15, 2011. SScience. ‘‘Impaired Activity of the Protein MTOR a Strain on the Heart’’. ScienceDaily. July 15, 2011.

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