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Strategies for heritage conservationHeritage.ppt

The document discusses strategies and options for preserving Indian heritage, emphasizing the importance of cities as repositories of culture, history, and innovation. It highlights the need for a comprehensive legal framework, community involvement, and integration of heritage conservation into urban planning processes to ensure sustainability and resilience against urbanization and climate change. Additionally, it advocates for establishing dedicated funds and capacity-building initiatives to support heritage management and promote awareness of its cultural significance.

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Strategy and Options for Preserving Indian Heritage Jit Kumar Gupta EX- Director COA-IET Bhaddal, Jit.kumar1944@gmail.com
Cities and their Context
Cities and their Context • -Cities have been part of human history. • - Cities- known to command power and authority • Cities-have existed in past, continue to be relevant in present and shall continue to dominate the future • Cities known as --areas of concentration of population , infrastructures, buildings, institutions, trade and commerce • Cities known as- incubators of innovations, industry, technology, entrepreneurship and creativity. • Cities- physical manifestation of history and culture • Cities -- known as areas of concentration of art, culture and architecture • Cities known - as repositories of Heritage • Cities grow in layers- each layer has distinct character, culture, heritage
Cities and their Context • Cities - materialization of humanity’s noblest ideas, creation, ambitions and aspirations, • Cities- product of political structure, social, economic, religious fabric, technology and resources • Cities- remain a manmade & mechanical habitat • Cities- known to be anti-thesis to bio-diversity • Cities- known to destroy natural habitat • Cities – known to preserve/destroy Heritage- • Each City --remains different / distinct- No two cities are similar • Cities – need to be planned differently , distinctly- to preserve heritage, nature, bio-diversity, flora & fauna • Cities–- preserving- value art, culture architecture, Heritage – known to be vibrant, sustainable, livable, qualitative
IntoductionI
Defining Heritage
Heritage- context • Heritage -reflects personality of a community/area • Heritage- -gives -distinct Identity and Character, Recognition, Makes Value addition and-- a Sense of Pride to Community/Area/City, State & Nation -- provides information about culture -- way of life, art & architecture - creates-- Vital link between past & present - -- showcases past skill in planning of human settlements; art, architecture, construction of Buildings, way of life and infrastructures --promotes development, employment ,economy, -- removes poverty -- by promoting tourism, leisure, recreation • -India-- 5000 years history, -- inherited enormous wealth of natural &built environment. • Heritage --needs conservation & preservation - carefully and thoughtfully.  SDGs Target 11.4 -- “Strengthen efforts to protect/ safeguard world’s cultural and natural heritage”
Heritage- context- SDG 11.4
Heritage –Changing context  Heritage concept -- changed during last few decades.  Moved From monument centric to - vernacular structures / historic urban areas/ cultural landscapes -- intangible aspects,  Separating past from present --to linking past/ present with local social/ environmental context.  From Protection to Conservation-.  -- pitting heritage conservation -- not against development, but making part of development.  Considering challenges posed by -- rapid urbanization, disasters / impacts of climate change--focusing on -- preparedness / protection for risks/disasters -- building resilience- using traditional knowledge .
Legal context of Heritage • Considering importance/ need for preserving valuable heritage, • through a well-defined legal framework; • involving people, communities , states; • Constitution of India made several important / valuable provisions Article 29 of Constitution states:--  - “Any section of citizens/communities  --residing in territory of India or any part thereof,  -- having a distinct language, script or culture of its own,  -- shall have the right to conserve the same.” Article 51 A (f) of Constitution mandates Citizens that:  -“It shall be the duty of every citizen of India  -to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; and  - to protect and improve the natural environment including  -forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and  - to have compassion for living creatures.”  - It is essential for people of India to be  - aware of the international conventions and  -with the respective national & state laws,  -significant to the security and protection and  -conservation of the art and the cultural heritage of a nation
Legal context of Heritage Article 49 -of Indian Constitution – lays obligation on State to; -- protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interests, - declared by/under law made by Parliament to be of national importance, - from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export, as the case may be •The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 provides for ; •--- declaring , preserving ancient & historical monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance, •-- for regulation of archaeological excavations and •-- for the protection of sculptures, carvings and other like objects. •-- for constitution of National Monument Authority •- Making recommendations- •- for grading/ classifying protected monuments /protected areas- --------- oversee working of competent authorities •-- suggest measures for implementation of Act .
Legal context of Heritage • 'THE PUNJAB ANCIENT AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SlTES AND REMAINS ACT, 1964. • 'ancient and historical monument' means • -any structure, erection or ,monument, or • - any tumulus or place of internment, or • any cave, rock- sculpture, inscription or monolith, • which is of historical, ‘archaeological or artistic interest and • --in existence for not less than one hundred years and includes- • (i) the remains of an ancient and historical monument ; • (ii) ‘ site of an ancient and historical monument ; • (ii] such portion of land adjoining site of an ancient and historical monument as may be required for fencing or covering in • or otherwise protecting such monument ; and • ... (iv) the means of access to, and convenient inspection of, an ancient and historical monument ; • - but does not include any ancient or historical monument declared by or under law made by parliament to be of national importance ;
Conservation and Preservation • Conservation and preservation two important approaches used for protecting natural / cultural resources • terms used interchangeably– • - but have distinct meanings and different approaches. • Conservation –management/ protection of natural resources--wildlife / habitats- for maintaining their ecological integrity & ensuring sustainability for future generations. • Preservation - protection of cultural/ historical sites, to maintain their authenticity and historical significance. • Difference - approach taken toward protecting resources. Conservation - proactive and aims to use resources in a sustainable manner, • Preservation -- reactive and aims to protect and maintain existing resources.
Issues Facing Heritage • Built heritage under enormous threat due to : - lack of identification of heritage --Misuse and abuse of existing heritage - Lack of proper Legal Framework - -According low priority to heritage - neglecting/misuse of identified heritage - Ever growing and rapid urbanization -- haphazard & uncontrolled urban development. -Unregulated subdivision of land/ buildings - - Unchecked Change of land use - - Heritage– kept outside planning process -Limited use of technology in mapping/protecting heritage - High vulnerability to disasters manmade/natural- fire/earthquake- Sendai framework-Disaster Risk Reduction)
Issues Facing Heritage --Rapid commercialization. - Large scale speculation in land -rapidly rising real estate prices. - low capacity/resources at local level - Limited availability of courses on Heritage - Low availability of trained manpower - Lack of recognition of importance of heritage - Lack of Understanding at ULB level -Lack of resources- financial& Technical • -- Inadequate innovative strategies/ policies. • -government Led Program and not community-led • -- Multiplicity of agencies- lack of co-ordination
Issues Facing Heritatge • UNESCO describes factors which pose major problems to World Heritage . • Armed conflict • wars • earthquakes &other natural disasters, • pollution, • poaching, • uncontrolled urbanization •
. Strategies- Redefining
OPTIONS--REDEFINING /MAPPING HERITAGE • --Majority of heritage lost due to lack of identification • -Indian legal framework links Heritage to time scale;100 years. • - excludes large Heritage created during last 100 years • -Heritage needs re-definition with detailed guidelines • -- well defined process and machinery for identification • --involving trained manpower • -- Need Capacity building at national/state /local levels • ---Indian heritage largely building specific • -- Scope needs to be widened to include; natural resources • -- From urban spaces, bazaars, complexes, cities. • --Concept enlarged to include heritage zones • -Modern heritage needs Recognition- Capitol of Chandigarh
Strategies- making Heritage part of urban planning process
Making Heritage Part of Planning process
Making Heritage Part of Planning process • Heritage suffered from haphazard/ unplanned development • Lack of focus on conservation - in urban planning • Effective heritage management requires – making Heritage integral part of settlement planning. • Regional Plans Master plans/ Development Plans to; • -- identify heritage areas/zones/buildings in planning area • - Identify areas of natural bio-diversity, flora/fauna • -- prepare inventory of manmade/natural heritage, tangible, intangible • -- Carry out detailed study and analysis • -- define strategies - to preserve, conserve/ promote/ manage heritage • --frame dedicated schemes for heritage areas development • -- Enlarge scope of Town Planning laws to provide for Heritage conservation as priority area • Regional /Master Plans- a dedicated a Chapter on Heritage
Making Heritage safe
Making Heritage Safe • Disasters- both natural/ manmade • -threaten integrity of Heritage • -- compromise value of Heritage • -- lead to loss/deterioration of outstanding properties • - negatively impacts -- local / national communities, - dilute cultural importance, socio-economic value. • For promoting Safety— • --Understanding typology/intensity of disaster risk • -Strengthening disaster risk governance/build culture of prevention • --Investing in disaster risk preparedness/reduction for resilience • Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response • -- “Build Back Better” --in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction-Using Traditional knowledge/ understanding • -leveraging support within global, regional, national and local institutions for disaster mitigation
Involving communities
Involving Communities • Ignoring communities/ public participation-root-cause of damage/ destruction of valuable heritage • - Moving Heritage management from government led to people centric-- key to success • - People legitimate owners--community sees heritage as a “good thing to have”- need active involvement • Involving communities through -- Holding public meetings • -- making people part of discussions • --‘listening to’ and giving voice to people • --Holding workshops/ Heritage Exhibitions/using print med • -Organizing Heritage Marches/ competition/ asset mapping • - bringing leaflets, maps / brochures, highlighting heritage • --Involving local educational institutions/students in heritage management • -- training local inhabitants as tourist guides
Involving Communities •
Involving Communities •
involving academic/ professional institutions
Involving academic/ professional institutions • - Heritage suffered -due to inadequate trained manpower • --According low priority to heritage-- in institutions imparting education in Architecture/ Planning /Engineering • - Planners/ Architects /Engineers - role critical in heritage • -- Only few institutions run specialised courses in heritage • --Need to make heritage integral part of study in school/ colleges/technical institutions • -Starting of undergraduate/Master level courses on heritage preservation/management in IIT’s/SPA’s/NIT’s • -- Involving institutions– ITPI/ IIA/ Institute of Engineers/ INTACH/ Voluntary agencies/NGOs/ civil society/pressure groups-- for safeguarding/promoting heritage. • -Sensitizing in-service /professionals-architects/ planners /engineers/students -- by making heritage part of study curricula/holding seminars / workshops/awareness programs for professionals
INV0LVING EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Redefining Legal Framework & Development
LEGAL FRAMEWORK & DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS : • Existing legal framework related to planning, development / management of human settlements - done more harm than good to heritage management. • Town Planning laws to be reviewed and redefined on priority to make them heritage friendly • Master Plans/Regional Plans to focus on heritage conservation • Development schemes -- define agenda for heritage conservation • Considering critical role of development control, zoning/ regulations/ bye-laws -- in heritage conservation • .-- -- Define controls sensitive to heritage • -- based on study/ analysis • Concept of Listed buildings -- included in legal framework to identify/ preserve heritage
COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE GATEWAY OF INDIA HOTEL TAJ MUMBAI Constituting Heritage commissions/committees
CONSTITUTING HERITAGE COMMISSIONS/BOARDS/ COMMITTEES • India --must constitute – network of Heritage focused institutions-- at the state/local levels for • - Identification/Mapping of Heritage- state/local level • Heritage Institutions to – aid, advise, assist / guide state government /local governments • - Evolve policy framework-- for identification, notification, preserving ,managing and financing heritage in state • Heritage Identification- Adopting concept of listed buildings. • Recruiting heritage experts -- Planning development authorities/agencies-- town planning /architecture/PWD/Archeology departments • -State archeology department – should be headed bya trained professionals. • - Implementing 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
JAIN ARCHITECTURE DILWARA TEMPLE Creating a dedicated Heritage Fund
Creating Heritage Fund • Heritage management- a resource intensive activity. • Heritage management Suffered- Non-availability of dedicated resources • Need for Generating resources for heritage by • -- Creating dedicated fund at National/State / Local level. • - involving Corporate Sector • --Involving Artists / Professionals for raising funds • --using Part of tourism earning - Starting Heritage lotteries - levying Cess on tourists---- ----earmarking fund-- in budgets of ULB,s/ Dev. Authority – -- Promoting public –private partnership. – involving industries -in maintenance Making Heritage-- part of External Development Charges – --making heritage conservation part of CSR activities
MADURAI TEMPLES MEENAKSHI TEMPLE 16th Century Dedicated to Parvati Capacity Building
Capacity Building • Absence of Nodal Agency on heritage at states/local level • Poor capacity of stakeholders- financial/technical • Effective heritage management– needs creating appropriate capacity at local, state /national for ; • - identification/conservation of heritage • -- Promoting Research and Development • - Creating appropriate literature on heritage • -- learning good practices, • -- imparting hands on training, • -- learning from case studies/ communication tools • - engaging local stakeholders – owners of heritage properties • --Involving experts, educational institutions, craftsmen • - Following Ahmedabad example
CAPACITY BUILDING
Role of Technology in Heritage
• Role of Technology in Heritage • Technology transforming- • -Identifying Heritage, Documentation, Conservation • -Promoting Heritage • -Mapping Heritage • -Managing heritage • -Planning /developing Heritage Area • Understanding How people interact with history & heritage, • providing insight into past.-- Unfolding Heritage • Dissecting Heritage- • Mapping inside of built environment/ natural environment • deciphering ancient manuscripts with image processing • 3D modelling of priceless artefacts, • bringing people closer to past -Connecting people with heritage • - widening horizons of millions. • Digitization of documents- for preservation; accessibility with museums, libraries/ ensuring - accessibility for generations • • .
Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojna- HRIDAY
Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojna- HRIDAY • • HRIDAY strategized efforts like; -- planning, development, implementation ,management of heritage cities -- in partnership with State Governments -- to Preserve / revitalise-- soul of heritage city -- to reflect city’s unique character-- by encouraging -- aesthetic based, accessible, informative & secured environment. -- undertaking strategic / planned development of heritage cities --improving overall quality of life with specific focus -- on sanitation, security, tourism, heritage revitalization / livelihood -- retaining city’s cultural identity. Duration of HRIDAY scheme --- 4 years starting January 21, 2015 Scheme focused on development of twelve heritage cities namely; 1. Ajmer 2. Amravati 3. Amritsar 4. Badami 5. Dwarka 6. Gaya 7. Kanchipuram 8. Mathura 9. Puri 10. Varanasi 11. Velankanni 12. Warangal HRIDAY need to be continued-- extended to all cities - making part of smart city /urban development /AMRUT
Using GIS Based Heritage Management • A geographic information system (GIS) is a; • - computer system - for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data • - related to positions on Earth’s surface. • Creates detailed inventory of Cultural Heritage Sites • Helps Evolving conservation strategies for management/ decision making Important tool for • --documenting & Monitor conditions of Heritage Buildings/sites • --Tracking changes over time • - Prioritizing Conservation Efforts • -- Developing Management Plans • GIS technology • -integrates spatial & attribute data of heritage sites, - • -providing a powerful modern tool • -for better understanding, preservation, management of heritage resources. • GIS applied in - promoting research / intervention,- heritage
COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE VICTORIA HALL KOLKATA SECRETARIAT- MODERN HERITAGE Evolving Comprehensive Conservation Heritage Strategy
Evolving Conservation Heritage Strategy • Comprehensive Conservation Heritage Strategy should stand on four distinct pillars of • -- promoting Understanding of Heritage -- Ensuring Positive Action, • -- Developing Partnerships -- Promoting Best Practices. Conservation / Heritage Strategy must revolve around; • -- Creating Effective/efficient/ heritage friendly legal framework for identification/conservation of heritage • --Making heritage people centric - involving communities • --Promoting partnerships between different stakeholders • -- Creating awareness / appreciation of value of heritage assets • -- Making heritage management part of planning /development process • -- Incentivising conservation /promoting / monitoring/reviewing heritage sites on regular basis.. • -- Organising exhibitions/conferences /workshops at Heritage sites • -- Synthesising historic resources with economic development strategies. • - Avoiding commercialization of heritage over conservation values.
Conclusion- Managing Heritage
Managing Heritage  Mapping the entire available heritage at local level  Making Heritage conservation - integral part of planning and Development process- Regional Plans Master/ Development Plans/Zonal Plans/Local Area Plans.  Making Heritage Conservation - integral part of legal framework governing urban & rural planning, development and management .  Making Heritage conservation-- public-led movement/mission involving communities /their resources.  Allocating Dedicated funds in budget of institutions-- involved in urban/ruralplanning, development management  Creating dedicated centers- for identifying, preserving, promoting and safeguarding local heritage.  Coming out-- with a state policy dedicated to heritage management.
Managing Heritage  Reviewing and Rationalising -- National policy of monument preservation and conservation -to include all typologies of heritage  Starting dedicated courses in heritage conservation-- in all professional institutions of higher learning for creating adequately trained manpower  Involving professional institutions – IIA, ITPI, Institute of Engineers; Institute of Landscape Architects; Institute of Urban Designers ,INTACH etc.  Creating a dedicated cadre of heritage conservation and preservation- in all major cities and towns  Heritage- made part of public reflection, debate, discussion  Leveraging globalization-- for disseminating knowledge, promoting understanding, collaboration-co-operation.
Managing Heritage  Bringing heritage & sustainability on same platform- Making heritage conservation-- integral part of sustainable development  Heritage conservation strategies- to include cultural , historical, ecological and natural assets  Undertaking conservation & preservation - carefully and thoughtfully.  “Strengthening efforts-- to protect/ safeguard world’s cultural, natural heritage-- SDGs Target 11.4.  Heritage concept -- not restricted to preservation but also to include continuity of past into future. .  .
Managing Heritage • .Promoting partnerships- public-private, non- governmental sectors, - for achieving sustainability in conservation.  Promoting research– in heritage conservation, preservation & management -- for safety/ security • Actively involving all stakeholders-- in initiating & Completion for sustaining heritage place • Eliminating silos -Separating natural, cultural , historical heritage -at local/state /national levels.  Heritage conservation strategies to focus- on promoting well-being of communities / ensuring human security in heritage areas. • Leveraging heritage – for creating employment, promoting economy , removing poverty ; promoting local industry
Shahjahanabad
Shahjahanabad
Shahjahanabad • Established by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan-383 years ago • Built over 699 hectare for a population of 60,000 • House 783 Heritage structure including 229 historical buildings and 325 Havelis • Have a network of 10 major roads and 60 main streets and 15 big markets- having large daily footfalls • Population 1961-4.2 lakh;1981- 4 lakh; 2017- 3.20lakh • Commercial establishments[ 1961- 22,000;1981-1.55lakh& 2017- 1.53 lakh(10.53% operating from home)) • Walled city declared slum-under Slum Area Act • 2008- Delhi Govt established SPV- Shahjahanabad Development Corporation SDRC – for Preparing conservation& Revitalization plan • MPD 2041 - includes chapter for regeneration / conservation of heritage Walled City.
Red Fort
Jama Masjid
Twarikhana
Evolving Conservation Heritage Strategy • Conservation strategy of heritage must involve and revolve around • --Leveraging heritage for creating opportunities, generating employment , reducing poverty. • --Building institutional capacity -in heritage planning/ management • -- Promoting active re-use of heritage buildings --for larger public use / making value addition to heritage- like museums, palaces etc • -- Generating resources for maintenance & upkeep of heritage • -Adopting best practice for- preservation , conservation and management of heritage sites • -- Promoting partnership-- public, private& voluntary organisations • - Promoting actions / initiatives -- to ensure preservation / enhancement of heritage assets by local communities • --Fostering continued use/ enjoyment /access to diverse historic assets • - Ensuring contribution to quality of life, skill, knowledge, of -- present / future generations. • --Developing short, medium / long term targets-- within available resources
Evolving Conservation Heritage Strategy • Framing a dedicated National Policy on Heritage Management in India • Creating a dedicated fund for heritage management at local/ state and national level. • Creating a common platform for bringing all stakeholder on one board and promoting co-ordinated approach for manging heritage • Creating large reservoir/pool of trained manpower for heritage identification/conservation. • -- Improving communication with communities & stakeholders • --Making heritage integral part of teaching- learning process • -Making people believe that development and heritage are positively co-related -- for promoting • -- economy-- quality of life, -- removing poverty • Promoting participative governance -- by empowered local communities in the planning / implementation /promoting vigilance of the heritage sites • Creating local ownership among communities-- holding festivals etc • Making rational choices between-- restoration, rehabilitation/ preservation for promoting valuable heritage.
Evolving Conservation Heritage Strategy – Making - heritage protection not an impediment – but a pre- condition for economic/sustainable development • Developing culture of participative, Collaborative decision making • – moving towards good-governance  - Help building urban identity / pride in residents.  -Going beyond just resorting / preserving historical assets,  --leading to well-being / security, through broad community participation and involvement.  -Using/leveraging Technologies in identification/mapping/ evaluating/ preserving/managing heritage  --“Strengthening efforts to protect / safeguard world’s cultural and natural heritage”
Evolving Conservation Heritage Strategy • Making heritage part of planning and development process • Shifting heritage conservation from –government- led programme to community-led mission • - creating dedicated cadre of experts in; • -- all planning/development agencies- ULBs, UDA for • -- identification of heritage.—-- aiding, advising, assisting& guiding development agencies on heritage /conservation. --integrating efforts of all stake-holders parastatal agencies, individuals, institutions , NGOs/CBOs • -- preparing comprehensive vocabulary of heritage • --Making India -globally recognized resource/ repository of • -- Heritage Management and preferred tourist destination • -- with high degree of sensitivity / commitment to Indian heritage- leveraging global good practices .
Strategies for heritage conservationHeritage.ppt

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Strategies for heritage conservationHeritage.ppt

  • 1.
    Strategy and Options forPreserving Indian Heritage Jit Kumar Gupta EX- Director COA-IET Bhaddal, Jit.kumar1944@gmail.com
  • 2.
  • 3.
    Cities and theirContext • -Cities have been part of human history. • - Cities- known to command power and authority • Cities-have existed in past, continue to be relevant in present and shall continue to dominate the future • Cities known as --areas of concentration of population , infrastructures, buildings, institutions, trade and commerce • Cities known as- incubators of innovations, industry, technology, entrepreneurship and creativity. • Cities- physical manifestation of history and culture • Cities -- known as areas of concentration of art, culture and architecture • Cities known - as repositories of Heritage • Cities grow in layers- each layer has distinct character, culture, heritage
  • 4.
    Cities and theirContext • Cities - materialization of humanity’s noblest ideas, creation, ambitions and aspirations, • Cities- product of political structure, social, economic, religious fabric, technology and resources • Cities- remain a manmade & mechanical habitat • Cities- known to be anti-thesis to bio-diversity • Cities- known to destroy natural habitat • Cities – known to preserve/destroy Heritage- • Each City --remains different / distinct- No two cities are similar • Cities – need to be planned differently , distinctly- to preserve heritage, nature, bio-diversity, flora & fauna • Cities–- preserving- value art, culture architecture, Heritage – known to be vibrant, sustainable, livable, qualitative
  • 5.
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    Heritage- context • Heritage-reflects personality of a community/area • Heritage- -gives -distinct Identity and Character, Recognition, Makes Value addition and-- a Sense of Pride to Community/Area/City, State & Nation -- provides information about culture -- way of life, art & architecture - creates-- Vital link between past & present - -- showcases past skill in planning of human settlements; art, architecture, construction of Buildings, way of life and infrastructures --promotes development, employment ,economy, -- removes poverty -- by promoting tourism, leisure, recreation • -India-- 5000 years history, -- inherited enormous wealth of natural &built environment. • Heritage --needs conservation & preservation - carefully and thoughtfully.  SDGs Target 11.4 -- “Strengthen efforts to protect/ safeguard world’s cultural and natural heritage”
  • 8.
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    Heritage –Changing context  Heritageconcept -- changed during last few decades.  Moved From monument centric to - vernacular structures / historic urban areas/ cultural landscapes -- intangible aspects,  Separating past from present --to linking past/ present with local social/ environmental context.  From Protection to Conservation-.  -- pitting heritage conservation -- not against development, but making part of development.  Considering challenges posed by -- rapid urbanization, disasters / impacts of climate change--focusing on -- preparedness / protection for risks/disasters -- building resilience- using traditional knowledge .
  • 10.
    Legal context ofHeritage • Considering importance/ need for preserving valuable heritage, • through a well-defined legal framework; • involving people, communities , states; • Constitution of India made several important / valuable provisions Article 29 of Constitution states:--  - “Any section of citizens/communities  --residing in territory of India or any part thereof,  -- having a distinct language, script or culture of its own,  -- shall have the right to conserve the same.” Article 51 A (f) of Constitution mandates Citizens that:  -“It shall be the duty of every citizen of India  -to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; and  - to protect and improve the natural environment including  -forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and  - to have compassion for living creatures.”  - It is essential for people of India to be  - aware of the international conventions and  -with the respective national & state laws,  -significant to the security and protection and  -conservation of the art and the cultural heritage of a nation
  • 11.
    Legal context ofHeritage Article 49 -of Indian Constitution – lays obligation on State to; -- protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interests, - declared by/under law made by Parliament to be of national importance, - from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export, as the case may be •The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 provides for ; •--- declaring , preserving ancient & historical monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance, •-- for regulation of archaeological excavations and •-- for the protection of sculptures, carvings and other like objects. •-- for constitution of National Monument Authority •- Making recommendations- •- for grading/ classifying protected monuments /protected areas- --------- oversee working of competent authorities •-- suggest measures for implementation of Act .
  • 12.
    Legal context ofHeritage • 'THE PUNJAB ANCIENT AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SlTES AND REMAINS ACT, 1964. • 'ancient and historical monument' means • -any structure, erection or ,monument, or • - any tumulus or place of internment, or • any cave, rock- sculpture, inscription or monolith, • which is of historical, ‘archaeological or artistic interest and • --in existence for not less than one hundred years and includes- • (i) the remains of an ancient and historical monument ; • (ii) ‘ site of an ancient and historical monument ; • (ii] such portion of land adjoining site of an ancient and historical monument as may be required for fencing or covering in • or otherwise protecting such monument ; and • ... (iv) the means of access to, and convenient inspection of, an ancient and historical monument ; • - but does not include any ancient or historical monument declared by or under law made by parliament to be of national importance ;
  • 14.
    Conservation and Preservation •Conservation and preservation two important approaches used for protecting natural / cultural resources • terms used interchangeably– • - but have distinct meanings and different approaches. • Conservation –management/ protection of natural resources--wildlife / habitats- for maintaining their ecological integrity & ensuring sustainability for future generations. • Preservation - protection of cultural/ historical sites, to maintain their authenticity and historical significance. • Difference - approach taken toward protecting resources. Conservation - proactive and aims to use resources in a sustainable manner, • Preservation -- reactive and aims to protect and maintain existing resources.
  • 15.
    Issues Facing Heritage •Built heritage under enormous threat due to : - lack of identification of heritage --Misuse and abuse of existing heritage - Lack of proper Legal Framework - -According low priority to heritage - neglecting/misuse of identified heritage - Ever growing and rapid urbanization -- haphazard & uncontrolled urban development. -Unregulated subdivision of land/ buildings - - Unchecked Change of land use - - Heritage– kept outside planning process -Limited use of technology in mapping/protecting heritage - High vulnerability to disasters manmade/natural- fire/earthquake- Sendai framework-Disaster Risk Reduction)
  • 16.
    Issues Facing Heritage --Rapidcommercialization. - Large scale speculation in land -rapidly rising real estate prices. - low capacity/resources at local level - Limited availability of courses on Heritage - Low availability of trained manpower - Lack of recognition of importance of heritage - Lack of Understanding at ULB level -Lack of resources- financial& Technical • -- Inadequate innovative strategies/ policies. • -government Led Program and not community-led • -- Multiplicity of agencies- lack of co-ordination
  • 17.
    Issues Facing Heritatge •UNESCO describes factors which pose major problems to World Heritage . • Armed conflict • wars • earthquakes &other natural disasters, • pollution, • poaching, • uncontrolled urbanization •
  • 18.
  • 19.
    OPTIONS--REDEFINING /MAPPING HERITAGE •--Majority of heritage lost due to lack of identification • -Indian legal framework links Heritage to time scale;100 years. • - excludes large Heritage created during last 100 years • -Heritage needs re-definition with detailed guidelines • -- well defined process and machinery for identification • --involving trained manpower • -- Need Capacity building at national/state /local levels • ---Indian heritage largely building specific • -- Scope needs to be widened to include; natural resources • -- From urban spaces, bazaars, complexes, cities. • --Concept enlarged to include heritage zones • -Modern heritage needs Recognition- Capitol of Chandigarh
  • 20.
    Strategies- making Heritage partof urban planning process
  • 21.
    Making Heritage Partof Planning process
  • 22.
    Making Heritage Partof Planning process • Heritage suffered from haphazard/ unplanned development • Lack of focus on conservation - in urban planning • Effective heritage management requires – making Heritage integral part of settlement planning. • Regional Plans Master plans/ Development Plans to; • -- identify heritage areas/zones/buildings in planning area • - Identify areas of natural bio-diversity, flora/fauna • -- prepare inventory of manmade/natural heritage, tangible, intangible • -- Carry out detailed study and analysis • -- define strategies - to preserve, conserve/ promote/ manage heritage • --frame dedicated schemes for heritage areas development • -- Enlarge scope of Town Planning laws to provide for Heritage conservation as priority area • Regional /Master Plans- a dedicated a Chapter on Heritage
  • 23.
  • 24.
    Making Heritage Safe •Disasters- both natural/ manmade • -threaten integrity of Heritage • -- compromise value of Heritage • -- lead to loss/deterioration of outstanding properties • - negatively impacts -- local / national communities, - dilute cultural importance, socio-economic value. • For promoting Safety— • --Understanding typology/intensity of disaster risk • -Strengthening disaster risk governance/build culture of prevention • --Investing in disaster risk preparedness/reduction for resilience • Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response • -- “Build Back Better” --in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction-Using Traditional knowledge/ understanding • -leveraging support within global, regional, national and local institutions for disaster mitigation
  • 25.
  • 26.
    Involving Communities • Ignoringcommunities/ public participation-root-cause of damage/ destruction of valuable heritage • - Moving Heritage management from government led to people centric-- key to success • - People legitimate owners--community sees heritage as a “good thing to have”- need active involvement • Involving communities through -- Holding public meetings • -- making people part of discussions • --‘listening to’ and giving voice to people • --Holding workshops/ Heritage Exhibitions/using print med • -Organizing Heritage Marches/ competition/ asset mapping • - bringing leaflets, maps / brochures, highlighting heritage • --Involving local educational institutions/students in heritage management • -- training local inhabitants as tourist guides
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
    Involving academic/ professionalinstitutions • - Heritage suffered -due to inadequate trained manpower • --According low priority to heritage-- in institutions imparting education in Architecture/ Planning /Engineering • - Planners/ Architects /Engineers - role critical in heritage • -- Only few institutions run specialised courses in heritage • --Need to make heritage integral part of study in school/ colleges/technical institutions • -Starting of undergraduate/Master level courses on heritage preservation/management in IIT’s/SPA’s/NIT’s • -- Involving institutions– ITPI/ IIA/ Institute of Engineers/ INTACH/ Voluntary agencies/NGOs/ civil society/pressure groups-- for safeguarding/promoting heritage. • -Sensitizing in-service /professionals-architects/ planners /engineers/students -- by making heritage part of study curricula/holding seminars / workshops/awareness programs for professionals
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
    LEGAL FRAMEWORK &DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS : • Existing legal framework related to planning, development / management of human settlements - done more harm than good to heritage management. • Town Planning laws to be reviewed and redefined on priority to make them heritage friendly • Master Plans/Regional Plans to focus on heritage conservation • Development schemes -- define agenda for heritage conservation • Considering critical role of development control, zoning/ regulations/ bye-laws -- in heritage conservation • .-- -- Define controls sensitive to heritage • -- based on study/ analysis • Concept of Listed buildings -- included in legal framework to identify/ preserve heritage
  • 34.
    COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE GATEWAY OFINDIA HOTEL TAJ MUMBAI Constituting Heritage commissions/committees
  • 35.
    CONSTITUTING HERITAGE COMMISSIONS/BOARDS/COMMITTEES • India --must constitute – network of Heritage focused institutions-- at the state/local levels for • - Identification/Mapping of Heritage- state/local level • Heritage Institutions to – aid, advise, assist / guide state government /local governments • - Evolve policy framework-- for identification, notification, preserving ,managing and financing heritage in state • Heritage Identification- Adopting concept of listed buildings. • Recruiting heritage experts -- Planning development authorities/agencies-- town planning /architecture/PWD/Archeology departments • -State archeology department – should be headed bya trained professionals. • - Implementing 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
  • 36.
  • 37.
    Creating Heritage Fund •Heritage management- a resource intensive activity. • Heritage management Suffered- Non-availability of dedicated resources • Need for Generating resources for heritage by • -- Creating dedicated fund at National/State / Local level. • - involving Corporate Sector • --Involving Artists / Professionals for raising funds • --using Part of tourism earning - Starting Heritage lotteries - levying Cess on tourists---- ----earmarking fund-- in budgets of ULB,s/ Dev. Authority – -- Promoting public –private partnership. – involving industries -in maintenance Making Heritage-- part of External Development Charges – --making heritage conservation part of CSR activities
  • 38.
  • 39.
    Capacity Building • Absenceof Nodal Agency on heritage at states/local level • Poor capacity of stakeholders- financial/technical • Effective heritage management– needs creating appropriate capacity at local, state /national for ; • - identification/conservation of heritage • -- Promoting Research and Development • - Creating appropriate literature on heritage • -- learning good practices, • -- imparting hands on training, • -- learning from case studies/ communication tools • - engaging local stakeholders – owners of heritage properties • --Involving experts, educational institutions, craftsmen • - Following Ahmedabad example
  • 40.
  • 41.
    Role of Technologyin Heritage
  • 42.
    • Role ofTechnology in Heritage • Technology transforming- • -Identifying Heritage, Documentation, Conservation • -Promoting Heritage • -Mapping Heritage • -Managing heritage • -Planning /developing Heritage Area • Understanding How people interact with history & heritage, • providing insight into past.-- Unfolding Heritage • Dissecting Heritage- • Mapping inside of built environment/ natural environment • deciphering ancient manuscripts with image processing • 3D modelling of priceless artefacts, • bringing people closer to past -Connecting people with heritage • - widening horizons of millions. • Digitization of documents- for preservation; accessibility with museums, libraries/ ensuring - accessibility for generations • • .
  • 44.
    Heritage City Developmentand Augmentation Yojna- HRIDAY
  • 45.
    Heritage City Developmentand Augmentation Yojna- HRIDAY • • HRIDAY strategized efforts like; -- planning, development, implementation ,management of heritage cities -- in partnership with State Governments -- to Preserve / revitalise-- soul of heritage city -- to reflect city’s unique character-- by encouraging -- aesthetic based, accessible, informative & secured environment. -- undertaking strategic / planned development of heritage cities --improving overall quality of life with specific focus -- on sanitation, security, tourism, heritage revitalization / livelihood -- retaining city’s cultural identity. Duration of HRIDAY scheme --- 4 years starting January 21, 2015 Scheme focused on development of twelve heritage cities namely; 1. Ajmer 2. Amravati 3. Amritsar 4. Badami 5. Dwarka 6. Gaya 7. Kanchipuram 8. Mathura 9. Puri 10. Varanasi 11. Velankanni 12. Warangal HRIDAY need to be continued-- extended to all cities - making part of smart city /urban development /AMRUT
  • 46.
    Using GIS BasedHeritage Management • A geographic information system (GIS) is a; • - computer system - for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data • - related to positions on Earth’s surface. • Creates detailed inventory of Cultural Heritage Sites • Helps Evolving conservation strategies for management/ decision making Important tool for • --documenting & Monitor conditions of Heritage Buildings/sites • --Tracking changes over time • - Prioritizing Conservation Efforts • -- Developing Management Plans • GIS technology • -integrates spatial & attribute data of heritage sites, - • -providing a powerful modern tool • -for better understanding, preservation, management of heritage resources. • GIS applied in - promoting research / intervention,- heritage
  • 47.
    COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE VICTORIA HALLKOLKATA SECRETARIAT- MODERN HERITAGE Evolving Comprehensive Conservation Heritage Strategy
  • 48.
    Evolving Conservation HeritageStrategy • Comprehensive Conservation Heritage Strategy should stand on four distinct pillars of • -- promoting Understanding of Heritage -- Ensuring Positive Action, • -- Developing Partnerships -- Promoting Best Practices. Conservation / Heritage Strategy must revolve around; • -- Creating Effective/efficient/ heritage friendly legal framework for identification/conservation of heritage • --Making heritage people centric - involving communities • --Promoting partnerships between different stakeholders • -- Creating awareness / appreciation of value of heritage assets • -- Making heritage management part of planning /development process • -- Incentivising conservation /promoting / monitoring/reviewing heritage sites on regular basis.. • -- Organising exhibitions/conferences /workshops at Heritage sites • -- Synthesising historic resources with economic development strategies. • - Avoiding commercialization of heritage over conservation values.
  • 49.
  • 50.
    Managing Heritage  Mappingthe entire available heritage at local level  Making Heritage conservation - integral part of planning and Development process- Regional Plans Master/ Development Plans/Zonal Plans/Local Area Plans.  Making Heritage Conservation - integral part of legal framework governing urban & rural planning, development and management .  Making Heritage conservation-- public-led movement/mission involving communities /their resources.  Allocating Dedicated funds in budget of institutions-- involved in urban/ruralplanning, development management  Creating dedicated centers- for identifying, preserving, promoting and safeguarding local heritage.  Coming out-- with a state policy dedicated to heritage management.
  • 51.
    Managing Heritage  Reviewingand Rationalising -- National policy of monument preservation and conservation -to include all typologies of heritage  Starting dedicated courses in heritage conservation-- in all professional institutions of higher learning for creating adequately trained manpower  Involving professional institutions – IIA, ITPI, Institute of Engineers; Institute of Landscape Architects; Institute of Urban Designers ,INTACH etc.  Creating a dedicated cadre of heritage conservation and preservation- in all major cities and towns  Heritage- made part of public reflection, debate, discussion  Leveraging globalization-- for disseminating knowledge, promoting understanding, collaboration-co-operation.
  • 52.
    Managing Heritage  Bringingheritage & sustainability on same platform- Making heritage conservation-- integral part of sustainable development  Heritage conservation strategies- to include cultural , historical, ecological and natural assets  Undertaking conservation & preservation - carefully and thoughtfully.  “Strengthening efforts-- to protect/ safeguard world’s cultural, natural heritage-- SDGs Target 11.4.  Heritage concept -- not restricted to preservation but also to include continuity of past into future. .  .
  • 53.
    Managing Heritage • .Promotingpartnerships- public-private, non- governmental sectors, - for achieving sustainability in conservation.  Promoting research– in heritage conservation, preservation & management -- for safety/ security • Actively involving all stakeholders-- in initiating & Completion for sustaining heritage place • Eliminating silos -Separating natural, cultural , historical heritage -at local/state /national levels.  Heritage conservation strategies to focus- on promoting well-being of communities / ensuring human security in heritage areas. • Leveraging heritage – for creating employment, promoting economy , removing poverty ; promoting local industry
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
    Shahjahanabad • Established byMughal Emperor Shahjahan-383 years ago • Built over 699 hectare for a population of 60,000 • House 783 Heritage structure including 229 historical buildings and 325 Havelis • Have a network of 10 major roads and 60 main streets and 15 big markets- having large daily footfalls • Population 1961-4.2 lakh;1981- 4 lakh; 2017- 3.20lakh • Commercial establishments[ 1961- 22,000;1981-1.55lakh& 2017- 1.53 lakh(10.53% operating from home)) • Walled city declared slum-under Slum Area Act • 2008- Delhi Govt established SPV- Shahjahanabad Development Corporation SDRC – for Preparing conservation& Revitalization plan • MPD 2041 - includes chapter for regeneration / conservation of heritage Walled City.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 63.
  • 66.
    Evolving Conservation HeritageStrategy • Conservation strategy of heritage must involve and revolve around • --Leveraging heritage for creating opportunities, generating employment , reducing poverty. • --Building institutional capacity -in heritage planning/ management • -- Promoting active re-use of heritage buildings --for larger public use / making value addition to heritage- like museums, palaces etc • -- Generating resources for maintenance & upkeep of heritage • -Adopting best practice for- preservation , conservation and management of heritage sites • -- Promoting partnership-- public, private& voluntary organisations • - Promoting actions / initiatives -- to ensure preservation / enhancement of heritage assets by local communities • --Fostering continued use/ enjoyment /access to diverse historic assets • - Ensuring contribution to quality of life, skill, knowledge, of -- present / future generations. • --Developing short, medium / long term targets-- within available resources
  • 67.
    Evolving Conservation HeritageStrategy • Framing a dedicated National Policy on Heritage Management in India • Creating a dedicated fund for heritage management at local/ state and national level. • Creating a common platform for bringing all stakeholder on one board and promoting co-ordinated approach for manging heritage • Creating large reservoir/pool of trained manpower for heritage identification/conservation. • -- Improving communication with communities & stakeholders • --Making heritage integral part of teaching- learning process • -Making people believe that development and heritage are positively co-related -- for promoting • -- economy-- quality of life, -- removing poverty • Promoting participative governance -- by empowered local communities in the planning / implementation /promoting vigilance of the heritage sites • Creating local ownership among communities-- holding festivals etc • Making rational choices between-- restoration, rehabilitation/ preservation for promoting valuable heritage.
  • 68.
    Evolving Conservation HeritageStrategy – Making - heritage protection not an impediment – but a pre- condition for economic/sustainable development • Developing culture of participative, Collaborative decision making • – moving towards good-governance  - Help building urban identity / pride in residents.  -Going beyond just resorting / preserving historical assets,  --leading to well-being / security, through broad community participation and involvement.  -Using/leveraging Technologies in identification/mapping/ evaluating/ preserving/managing heritage  --“Strengthening efforts to protect / safeguard world’s cultural and natural heritage”
  • 69.
    Evolving Conservation HeritageStrategy • Making heritage part of planning and development process • Shifting heritage conservation from –government- led programme to community-led mission • - creating dedicated cadre of experts in; • -- all planning/development agencies- ULBs, UDA for • -- identification of heritage.—-- aiding, advising, assisting& guiding development agencies on heritage /conservation. --integrating efforts of all stake-holders parastatal agencies, individuals, institutions , NGOs/CBOs • -- preparing comprehensive vocabulary of heritage • --Making India -globally recognized resource/ repository of • -- Heritage Management and preferred tourist destination • -- with high degree of sensitivity / commitment to Indian heritage- leveraging global good practices .