The document is a white paper that describes the Stabila public blockchain protocol. It discusses the architecture, which has 3 layers - storage, core, and application. It uses a delegated proof of stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism where the top 21 validators called governors produce blocks every 3 seconds. Accounts can be regular, token, or contract accounts. Transactions are signed using ECDSA and consume bandwidth points. Smart contracts work on the Stabila Virtual Machine and will require licensing. Governance involves voting for executives to become governors and they receive block rewards.
Blockchain Scalability - Themes, Tools and TechniquesGokul Alex
This presentation is a deep dive on Blockchain Scalability Challenges, Constraints with a narrative on promising techniques such as State Channel, Side Chains, Simple Payment Vehicles, Consensus Algorithms and Directed Acyclic Graphs. The presentation starts with analysing the scalability cube.
- Analyze the strength and weakness of public blockchain and the goal of private blockchain.
- Explains the core architectural features, mechanisms and provisioning process of Hyperledger Fabric.
Blockchain Scalability - Themes, Tools and TechniquesGokul Alex
This presentation is a deep dive on Blockchain Scalability Challenges, Constraints with a narrative on promising techniques such as State Channel, Side Chains, Simple Payment Vehicles, Consensus Algorithms and Directed Acyclic Graphs. The presentation starts with analysing the scalability cube.
- Analyze the strength and weakness of public blockchain and the goal of private blockchain.
- Explains the core architectural features, mechanisms and provisioning process of Hyperledger Fabric.
There has been an introduction of a wide range of technologies, terming themselves as Blockchains today, making the definition of Blockchain difficult. Cryptocurrency’s blockchains are different from private commercial applications, for example, blockchains developed by the Linux Foundation, IBM etc. Irrespective of the said differences, these technologies share several important characteristics that make a working definition.
How to Build Your Blockchain Project with ChainstackChainstack
Meetup 23rd July 2019
Many businesses and developers keen to explore how blockchain technology can add value to processes today. However, many remain unsure of how to get started. In this deck, Jona Smulders Cohen runs through everything you need to know when attempting to build your blockchain project. Alex Khaerov, Dev Lead at Chainstack runs through a simple demo which you can access and try out yourself here: https://bit.ly/2GCOWFk
Slides for technical demo: https://bit.ly/2Ms9Yu5
Bitmark and Hyperledger Workshop: the Digital Assets and PropertyJollen Chen
Introducing the Bitmark and Hyperledger project, how they facilitate the blockchain technology for the digital assets and property world, and learn the Chaincode 101.
Witnessing explosive immense growth over the past few years, we have realized many new emerging blockchains started making a move in competition with Binance Smart Chain commonly known as BSC. Like other DAO projects, Upcomings Chain is a genuine follower of this popular blockchain overcoming the shortcomings of the existing blockchain.
Upcomings Chain is introduced to solidify its position to begin a journey to be the most popular DeFi ecosystem to reach an account of more than $20 billion in terms of assets and become a successful DeFi protocol.
Presenting the utmost benefits right from low transaction fees, exceptional high throughput, and rapid transaction completion times, UPC intends to be a low-cost alternative to other hyped blockchains out there.
The team plans to hire hundreds or thousands of crypto projects and assets in collaboration with this new platform recently deployed on official protocols. By leveraging the complete power of blockchain technology as well as smart contracts, Upcomings DAO developed its own blockchain in the name of UPC to create a safer, transparent, reliable, open to all and decentralized internet platform for empowering the individuals and communities around the space.
This blockchain platform portrays an entire suite of DeFi applications such as prediction markets, exchange, yield farms, staking platforms, an NFT marketplace, Metaverse, and much more.
The native asset for Upcomings Chain called as UPCG coins offers a wide variety of use cases and terms to reduce the high inflation being one of the primary source reward assets for participants in the entire ecosystem.
UPC is a decentralized blockchain platform that supports different DApps and many large-scale applications belonging to GameFi, SocialFi, and the Metaverse domains. Upcomings Chain is a proof-of-authority-based blockchain quite compatible with the network protocols which allows common users and developers to build DApps and feasibly migrate to the core chain.
Features of the Upcomings Chain
· UVM compatible
· Consensus Layer
· Core hub to multi-chains
· Offers high transaction volume
· Deployed on the Proof-of-Authority consensus mechanism
We believe that Upcomings Blockchain will be the next big thing in the crypto industry sketching out the growth this network has started experiencing. It is currently the faster and cheaper on-spot platform with advanced smart contracts providing developers with major factors that other projects lack.
Upcomings Chain
Upcomings Chain is an innovative blockchain developed on a Proof of Authority (PoA) based solution to eliminate the increasing gas fee concerns and to support the short block time. It is a virtual machine deployed on a blockchain network operating on 2 modes of the mainnet and testnet and POA algorithm.
Moreover, this chain primarily emphasizes a user-developer-friendly ecosystem offering a transaction confirmation ratio of over 7 secs and low fees of around $0.01.
Blockchain, cryptography and tokens — NYC Bar presentationPaperchain
Concise version of presentation delivered at the NYC Bar Association.
Overview of blockchains, how cryptography works on blockchains and the difference between cryptocurrencies and tokens.
Yao Yao, Jack Rasmus-Vorrath, Ivelin Angelov
https://github.com/yaowser/basic_blockchain
https://www.slideshare.net/YaoYao44/blockchain-security-and-demonstration/
Distributed ledger technology over a network of computers, which provides an alternative to the centralized system
Distributed Database
Peer-to-Peer Transmission
Transparency with Pseudonymity
Records are immutable
Computational Logic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ArZxRdhyPc
There has been an introduction of a wide range of technologies, terming themselves as Blockchains today, making the definition of Blockchain difficult. Cryptocurrency’s blockchains are different from private commercial applications, for example, blockchains developed by the Linux Foundation, IBM etc. Irrespective of the said differences, these technologies share several important characteristics that make a working definition.
How to Build Your Blockchain Project with ChainstackChainstack
Meetup 23rd July 2019
Many businesses and developers keen to explore how blockchain technology can add value to processes today. However, many remain unsure of how to get started. In this deck, Jona Smulders Cohen runs through everything you need to know when attempting to build your blockchain project. Alex Khaerov, Dev Lead at Chainstack runs through a simple demo which you can access and try out yourself here: https://bit.ly/2GCOWFk
Slides for technical demo: https://bit.ly/2Ms9Yu5
Bitmark and Hyperledger Workshop: the Digital Assets and PropertyJollen Chen
Introducing the Bitmark and Hyperledger project, how they facilitate the blockchain technology for the digital assets and property world, and learn the Chaincode 101.
Witnessing explosive immense growth over the past few years, we have realized many new emerging blockchains started making a move in competition with Binance Smart Chain commonly known as BSC. Like other DAO projects, Upcomings Chain is a genuine follower of this popular blockchain overcoming the shortcomings of the existing blockchain.
Upcomings Chain is introduced to solidify its position to begin a journey to be the most popular DeFi ecosystem to reach an account of more than $20 billion in terms of assets and become a successful DeFi protocol.
Presenting the utmost benefits right from low transaction fees, exceptional high throughput, and rapid transaction completion times, UPC intends to be a low-cost alternative to other hyped blockchains out there.
The team plans to hire hundreds or thousands of crypto projects and assets in collaboration with this new platform recently deployed on official protocols. By leveraging the complete power of blockchain technology as well as smart contracts, Upcomings DAO developed its own blockchain in the name of UPC to create a safer, transparent, reliable, open to all and decentralized internet platform for empowering the individuals and communities around the space.
This blockchain platform portrays an entire suite of DeFi applications such as prediction markets, exchange, yield farms, staking platforms, an NFT marketplace, Metaverse, and much more.
The native asset for Upcomings Chain called as UPCG coins offers a wide variety of use cases and terms to reduce the high inflation being one of the primary source reward assets for participants in the entire ecosystem.
UPC is a decentralized blockchain platform that supports different DApps and many large-scale applications belonging to GameFi, SocialFi, and the Metaverse domains. Upcomings Chain is a proof-of-authority-based blockchain quite compatible with the network protocols which allows common users and developers to build DApps and feasibly migrate to the core chain.
Features of the Upcomings Chain
· UVM compatible
· Consensus Layer
· Core hub to multi-chains
· Offers high transaction volume
· Deployed on the Proof-of-Authority consensus mechanism
We believe that Upcomings Blockchain will be the next big thing in the crypto industry sketching out the growth this network has started experiencing. It is currently the faster and cheaper on-spot platform with advanced smart contracts providing developers with major factors that other projects lack.
Upcomings Chain
Upcomings Chain is an innovative blockchain developed on a Proof of Authority (PoA) based solution to eliminate the increasing gas fee concerns and to support the short block time. It is a virtual machine deployed on a blockchain network operating on 2 modes of the mainnet and testnet and POA algorithm.
Moreover, this chain primarily emphasizes a user-developer-friendly ecosystem offering a transaction confirmation ratio of over 7 secs and low fees of around $0.01.
Blockchain, cryptography and tokens — NYC Bar presentationPaperchain
Concise version of presentation delivered at the NYC Bar Association.
Overview of blockchains, how cryptography works on blockchains and the difference between cryptocurrencies and tokens.
Yao Yao, Jack Rasmus-Vorrath, Ivelin Angelov
https://github.com/yaowser/basic_blockchain
https://www.slideshare.net/YaoYao44/blockchain-security-and-demonstration/
Distributed ledger technology over a network of computers, which provides an alternative to the centralized system
Distributed Database
Peer-to-Peer Transmission
Transparency with Pseudonymity
Records are immutable
Computational Logic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ArZxRdhyPc
Fair and trustworthy: Lock-free enhanced tendermint blockchain algorithmTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Blockchain Technology is exclusively used to make online transactions secure by
maintaining a distributed and decentralized ledger of records across multiple computers.
Tendermint is a general-purpose blockchain engine that is composed of two
parts; Tendermint Core and the blockchain application interface. The application interface
makes Tendermint suitable for a wide range of applications. In this paper, we
analyze and improve Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant (PBFT), a consensus-based
Tendermint blockchain algorithm. In order to avoid negative issues of locks, we first
propose a lock-free algorithm for blockchain in which the proposal and voting phases
are concurrent whereas the commit phase is sequential. This consideration in the algorithm
allows parallelism. Secondly, a new methodology is used to decide the size
of the voter set which is a subset of blockchain nodes, further investigating the block
sensitivity and trustworthiness of nodes. Thirdly, to fairly select the voter set nodes,
we employ the random walk algorithm. Fourthly, we imply the wait-freedom property
by using a timeout due to which all blocks are eventually committed or aborted. In
addition, we have discussed voting conflicts and consensuses issues that are used as a
correctness property, and provide some supportive techniques.
Introduction to Ethereum Blockchain & Smart ContractThanh Nguyen
The Harvard Business Review (HBR) thinks that Blockchain Technology has to power to keep data safe for consumers and businesses alike; because Blockchain provides a secure and immutable ledger, HBR says it represents the key to taking back privacy of data.
“You can keep certified copies of identity documents, biometric test results, health data, or academic and training certificates online, available at all times, yet safe unless you give away your key. At a whole system level, the database is very secure.”
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PhD Physiology or Doctor of Philosophy in Physiology is a Doctoral course that imparts in-depth knowledge of the interrelationships of tissues, cells, and sub-cellular components. The curriculum aims to teach the students “how the various facets of molecular, cellular, tissue & organ function relate to the overall operation of an organism, and how disturbances from the outside environment impact these processes. More info here https://career101.in/phd-physiology-course-details-fees-course-duration-scope-jobs-salary/12555/
The iconic Birsa Munda was the biggest tribal leader, a social reformer, and one of the foremost freedom fighters. In tribal history of Bengal Presidency is alter ego was Birsa Bhagwan. Birsa belonged to Munda tribes currently staying across Jharkhand, Odisha and Chhattisgarh. More info here https://career101.in/birsa-munda-biggest-tribal-leader-freedom-fighter-british-raj/5084/
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TURKEY MEDICAL JOURNALS – DOCTOR AND DENTIST.pdfkarlossmit13
Turkey iHealth is the dynamic Medical assistance company in Antalya and Istanbul for Turkish Health Tourism, Holiday and Treatment covering Hair Transplant, Eyebrow and Beard Transplantation, Dentistry and Implant, Rhinoplasty, Breast Implant and Reduction, Face Lift, Arm Lift, Liposuction, Tummy Tuck, Fat Transfer and Body Sculpting, Eye Laser Treatment, and Medical Visa and Residence Permit in Turkey. We do the latest Updates and Reviews, Ratings so you don't have to. We save you time and frustration more information here https://turkeymedicals.com/
Ein Wort, das verwendet wurde, um eine Person zu beschreiben, die Bulk oder Unhandigkeit beschreibt, ist sperrig. Es impliziert eine große oder übermäßige Größe und schlägt im Wesentlichen die Entwicklung der körperlichen Größe vor. Der Begriff leitet sich aus dem Wort masy, einer poetischen Form des englischen Wortes massiv ab. Der Begriff kann auch Hohl oder Licht bedeuten, aber die primäre Bedeutung ist schwer oder fest. Ebenso ist das Wort Turly auch ein Synonym für sperrige, was mit der Bigess- oder Festigkeit angibt Mehr Informationen https://sperrmuellberlin.de/
Coin Rotator is a market scanner looking for the strongest coins against BTC ETH USDT. It updates once a day and identifies the best altcoins to buy. The screener enables smart sorting for both buying and selling and gives recommendations based on multiple data points get more information from here https://coinrotator.app/
David Carrion-Levy leads David & Co, one of the most succesful real estate teams in South Florida. His team of professional realtors have been expertly handling residential real estate in South Florida at every price range.just click here to know more www.dcarrionlevy.com
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ReVision is a dietary supplement. The formula has been designed specifically from the natural ingredients. These nutrients make up the to know more details visit here https://www.reddit.com/r/reviewsforyou/comments/izpha4/revision_supplement_review_are_revision_20_pills/
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
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how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network
#pi coins
#money
3. WOODGROVE
BANK
1.INTRODUCTION
"Digital transformation lets the world
reimagine itself – and Moneta is happy to be
among the changemakers by enabling
customer-centric services and lasting
relationships.“
www.stabilascan.org
1
STABILA
PUBLIC
CHAIN
STABILA is a project dedicated to the decentralization of the financial
system. The STABILA Protocol offers public blockchain service and
support of high throughput, high scalability, and high availability for all
Decentralized Applications (DApps) in the STABILA ecosystem.
4. WOODGROVE
BANK
2TERMINOLOGY
Address/Wallet
An address or wallet consisting of account credentials on the STABILA
network are generated by a key pair, which consists of a private key and a
public key. The public key is usually used for session key encryption,
signature verification, and encrypting data that could be decrypted by a
corresponding private key.
ABI
An application binary interface (ABI) is an interface between two binary
program modules; usually one of these modules is a library or an
operating system facility, and the other is a user run program.
API
An application programming interface (API) is mainly used for user
clients development. With API support, token issuance platforms can also
be designed by developers themselves.
Asset
In STABILA's documents, asset is the same as token, which is also denoted
as TRC-10 token.
Bandwidth Points (BP)
To keep the network operating smoothly, STABILA network transactions
use BP as fuel. Each account gets 500 free daily BP and more can be
obtained by ceding(Contract of Deposit) STB for BP. Both STB and TRC-
10 token transfers are normal transactions costing BP. Smart contract
deployment and execution transactions consume both BP and UCR.
Block
Blocks contain the digital records of transactions. A complete block
consists of the number, block size, block header, transaction counter, and
transaction data.
Block Reward
Block production rewards are sent to a sub-account (address/wallet).
Governors & Executives can claim their rewards on stabilascan or
through the API directly.
Block Header
A block header is part of a block. STABILA block headers contain the
previous block’s hash, the Merkle root, timestamp, version, and witness
address
2
STABILA
PUBLIC
CHAIN
5. WOODGROVE
BANK
Cold Wallet
Cold wallet, also known as offline wallet, keeps the private key completely
disconnected from any network. Cold wallets are usually installed on
"cold" devices (e.g. computers or mobile phones staying offline) to ensure
the security of STB private key.
DApp
Decentralized Application is an App that operates without a centrally
trusted party. An application that enables direct
interaction/agreements/communication between end users and/or
resources without a middleman.
gRPC
(Remote Procedure Calls) is an open source remote procedure call (RPC)
system initially developed at Google. It uses HTTP/2 for transport,
Protocol Buffers as the interface description language, and provides
features such as authentication, bidirectional streaming and flow control,
blocking or nonblocking bindings, and cancellation and timeouts. It
generates cross-platform client and server bindings for many languages.
Most common usage scenarios include connecting services in
microservices style architecture and connecting mobile devices, and
browser clients to backend services.
Hot Wallet
Hot wallet, also known as online wallet, allows user's private key to be
used online, thus it could be susceptible to potential vulnerabilities or
interception by malicious actors.
JDK
Java Development Kit is the Java SDK used for Java applications. It is
the core of Java development, comprising the Java application
environment (JVM+Java class library) and Java tools.
LevelDB
LevelDB was initially adopted with the primary goal to meet the
requirements of fast R/W and rapid development.
Merkle Root
A Merkle root is the hash of all hashes of all transactions included as part
of a block in a blockchain network.
STABILA
PUBLIC
CHAIN 3
6. WOODGROVE
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Public Testnet
A version of the network running in a three-node configuration.
Developers can connect and test features without worrying about the
economic loss. Testnet tokens have no value and anyone can request more
from the public faucet.
RPC
In distributed computing, a remote procedure call (RPC) is when a
computer program causes a procedure (subroutine) to execute in a
different address space (commonly on another computer on a shared
network), which is coded as if it were a normal (local) procedure call,
without the programmer explicitly coding the details for the remote
interaction.
Scalability
Scalability is a feature of the STABILA Protocol. It is the capability of a
system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of work or its
potential to be enlarged to accommodate that growth.
UNIT
UNIT is the smallest unit of STB. 1 STB = 1,000,000 UNIT.
Throughput
High throughput is a feature of STABILA Mainnet. It is measured in
Transactions Per Second (TPS), namely the maximum transaction
capacity in one second.
Timestamp
The approximate time of block production is recorded as Unix timestamp,
which is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 01
Jan 1970 UTC.
TRC-10
A standard of crypto token on STABILA platform. Certain rules and
interfaces are required to follow when holding an initial coin offering on
STABILA blockchain.
STB
STB stands for Stabila, which is the official cryptocurrency of STABILA.
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3ARCHITECTURE
STABILA has a 3-layer architecture.
1. Storage Layer
2. Core Layer
3. Application Layer.
The STABILA protocol adheres to Google Protobuf, which intrinsically
supports multi-language extension.
STABILA Virtual Machine (SVM)
The SVM is a lightweight, Turing complete virtual machine. The SVM
connects seamlessly with the existing ecosystem.
Decentralized Exchange (DEX)
The STABILA network natively supports decentralized exchange
functions. A decentralized exchange consists of multiple trading pairs. A
trading pair (notation “Exchange”) is an Exchange Market between
TRC-10 tokens, or between a TRC-10 token and STB. Any account can
create a trading pair between any tokens
The STABILA blockchain code is implemented in Java and was originally
a fork from STABILA.
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4CONSENSUS
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
The Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism was proposed by many
new networks. In PoS networks, token holders lock their token balances to
become block validators. The validators take turns proposing and voting
on the next block. However, the problem with standard PoS is that
validator influence correlates directly to the amount of tokens locked up.
This results in parties hoarding large amounts of the network’s base
currency wielding undue influence in the network ecosystem.
The STABILA consensus mechanism uses an innovative Delegated Proof
of Stake system in which 21 Governors (Gs) produce blocks for the
network. Every 6 hours, STB account holders who cd their accounts can
vote for a selection of Executives, with the top 21 Executives deemed the
Governors.
The STABILA protocol network generates one block every three seconds.
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5ACCOUNT
The three types of accounts in the STABILA network.
1. Regular accounts are used for standard transactions.
2. Token accounts are used for storing TRC-10 tokens.
3. Contract accounts are smart contract accounts created by regular
accounts and can be triggered by regular accounts as well.
Account Creation
There are three ways to create a STABILA account:
1. Create a new account through API
2. Transfer STB into a new account address
3. Transfer any TRC-10 token into a new account address
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Private Key and Address generation
An offline key-pair consisting of an address (public key) and a private key
can be generated. The user address generation algorithm consists of
generating a key-pair and then extracting the public key (64-byte byte
array representing x, y coordinates). Hash the public key using the SHA3-
256 function (the SHA3 protocol adopted is KECCAK-256) and extract
the last 20 bytes of the result. Add 3F to the beginning of the byte array
and ensure the initial address length is 21 bytes. Hash the address twice
using SHA3-256 function and take the first 4 bytes as verification code.
Add the verification code to the end of the initial address and obtain the
address in base58check format through base58 encoding. An encoded
Mainnet address begins with S and is 34 bytes in length.
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6TRANSACTION
Signing
STABILA’s transaction signing process follows a standard ECDSA
cryptographic algorithm, with a SECP256K1 selection curve. A private
key is a random number, and the public key is a point on the elliptic curve.
The public key generation process consists of first generating a random
number as a private key, and then multiplying the base point of the elliptic
curve by the private key to obtain the public key. When a transaction
occurs, the transaction raw data is first converted into byte format. The
raw data then undergoes SHA-256 hashing. The private key
corresponding to the contract address then signs the result of the SHA256
hash. The signature result is then added to the transaction.
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7BANDWIDTH
Bandwidth Model
Ordinary transactions only consume bandwidth points, but smart contract
operations consume both UCR(units of conventional resources) and
bandwidth points.
There are two types of bandwidth points available.
Users can gain bandwidth points from creating Contracts of Deposits
(CD) with STB, while 500 free bandwidth points are also available daily.
When a STB transaction is broadcast, it is transmitted and stored in the
form of a byte array over the network.
Bandwidth Points consumed by one transaction = number of transaction
bytes multiplied by bandwidth points rate.
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Example:
the byte array length of a transaction is 200, then the transaction
consumes 200 bandwidth points.
However, if a STB or token transfer results in the target account being
created, then only the bandwidth points consumed to create the account
will be deducted, and additional bandwidth points will not be deducted.
In an account creation scenario, the network will first consume the
bandwidth points that the transaction initiator gained from CDeing STB.
If this amount is insufficient, then the network consumes the transaction
initiator’s STB. In standard STB transfer scenarios from one STB account
to another, the network first consumes the bandwidth points gained by the
transaction initiator for CDeing STB. If that is insufficient, it then
consumes from the free 500 daily bandwidth points. If that is still not
enough, then the network consumes the STB of the transaction initiator.
The amount is calculated by the number of bytes in the transaction
multiplied by 6 UNIT. Thus, for most STB holders who may not
necessarily CD their STB to participate in Governors voting, the first step
is automatically skipped (since STB balance CDed = 0) and the 500 daily
free bandwidth powers the transaction.
For TRC-10 token transfers, the network first verifies whether the total
free bandwidth points of the issued token asset are sufficient. If not, the
bandwidth points obtained from CDing STB are consumed. If there is still
not enough bandwidth points, then it consumes the STB of the transaction
initiator.
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8FEE
Fee
STABILA network generally does not charge fees for most transactions,
however, due to system restrictions and fairness, bandwidth usage and
transactions do take in certain fees.
1. Normal transactions cost bandwidth points.
2. Smart contracts cost UCR but will also need bandwidth points for the
transaction to be broadcasted and confirmed.
3. All query transactions are free. It doesn’t cost UCR or bandwidth.
STABILA network also defines a set of fixed fees for the following
transactions:
1. Creating a witness node: 1000 STB
2. Issuing a TRC-10 token: 1000 STB
3. Creating a new account: 1385 UNIT
4. Creating an exchange pair: 14 STB
Transaction Confirmation
A transaction is included in a future block after being broadcast to the
network. After 19 blocks are mined on STABILA (including its own block),
the transaction is confirmed. Each block is produced by one of the top 21
Governors. Each block takes 3 seconds to be mined on the blockchain.
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9STABILAVIRTUALMACHINE
STABILA Virtual Machine (SVM)
SVM is a lightweight, Turing complete virtual machine developed for the
STABILA's ecosystem. Its goal is to provide the blockchain service that is
efficient, convenient, stable, secure and scalable. SVM was initially forked
from STABILA and can connect seamlessly with the existing solidity smart
contract development ecosystem.
SVM additionally supports DPoS consensus. SVM employs the concept of
UCR. Operations of transactions and smart contracts on SVM are free,
with no STB consumed.
The compiler first translates the Solidity smart contract into bytecode
readable and executable on the SVM. The SVM then processes data
through opcode, which is equivalent to operating the logic of a stack-
based finite state machine.
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10SMARTCONTRACTS
Compatibility
SVM is compatible with EVM and will be compatible with more
mainstream VMs in the future. However due to fraudulent nature of smart
contracts a Licensing process is proposed before any user can deploy a
smart contract.
Smart Contracts Licensing
Smart contracts are useless and will continue to be useless for the
foreseeable future. They lack mechanism of proofing asset backing and
can not communicate to the outside world. The Licensing model proposed
is to allow only smart contracts that have real use and are asset backed by
the underlying logic and corporate structure. In case the smart contract
owner can not keep up with his smart contract a third party shall carry
liability so the customers are protected on STABILA network.
Units of Conventional Resources(UCR) Model
The maximum UCR limit for deploying and triggering a smart contract is
a function of several variables:
Dynamic UCR from CDeing 1 STB = 30,000,000,000 (Total UCR
Limit) / (Total UCR Weight)
UCR limit is the daily account UCR limit from CDeing STB
Remaining daily account UCR from CDeing STB is calculated as UCR
Limit - UCR Used
Fee limit in STB is set in smart contract deploy/trigger call
Remaining usable STB in the account
Smart contract functionality will be activated in February 2022.
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11GOVERNANCE
Governors
Every account in the STABILA network can apply and have the
opportunity to become an Executive (denoted as E). Everyone can vote for
Executives. The top 21 Executives with the most votes will become
Governors with the right and obligation to generate blocks. The votes are
counted every 6 hours and the Gs will change accordingly. To prevent
malicious attacks, there is a cost to becoming an Executive. When
applying, 1000 STB will be charged from the applicant’s account. Once
successful, such account can join the G election.
Election
STABILA Power (denoted as SP) is needed to vote and the amount of SP
depends on the voter’s CDed assets (STB). SP is calculated in the
following way: 1 SP = 1 STB CDed to get bandwidth.
Every account in the STABILA network has the right to vote for their own
Gs. After the release (uncd, available after 3 days), users won't have any
CDed assets and lose all SP accordingly. As a result, all votes become
invalid for the ongoing and future voting round unless STB is CDed again
to vote.
Executive Reward
Also known as Executive Reward, which the top 79 Executives updated
once every round (6 hours) will share 78 STB as mined. The reward will
be split in accordance with the vote weight each Executive receives.
Total E reward per round = 10,972 Unit/block × 20 blocks/min × 60
mins/hr × 6 hrs/round .
A total of 28,834 STB will be awarded annually to the 79 Gs.
Block Reward
Also known as Governor Reward, which the top 21 Executives (Gs) who
are elected every round (6 hours) will share roughly 1,596 STB as mined.
The reward will be split evenly between the 21 Gs.
Total reward per round = 221,714 Unit/block x 20 block/min x 60 mins/hr
x 6 hrs/round .
A total of 2,330,657 STB will be awarded annually to the 21 Gs.
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12STABILACHAINSETTINGS
Circulating Supply
The number of STB coins that are
publicly available and circulating in the
market.
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Max Supply 30,000,000
The maximum supply refers to the
maximum number of STB coins that will
be ever created.
Total Supply
Total supply refers to the number of STB
that currently exists and are either in
circulation or locked for miners.
30,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
Block producing speed
Seconds per 1 block produced.
3
Miners/Governors
Block producing nodes.
21
Consensus
67% of governors to achieve consensus
on producing next block .
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1 STB = () Units
UNIT is the smallest unit of STB
1,000,000
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“What we have is a maturation of the crypto market, and we get
investors and traders more comfortable understanding the
fundamentals around what they’re buying,”
Daniel Varzari, CEO
MONETAHOLDINGSLLC
ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
First Floor
First St. Vincent Bank Ltd Building
James Street
Kingstown
BLOCKCHAINTECHNOLOGY
Building decentralized finance.
info@moneta.holdings
info@stabilascan.org
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THANKYOU
“Blockchain is a new technological paradigm of our time. It will
fundamentally change the principles of work of the whole financial
world.”
Igor Scvortov, CFO
“One day in our near future, everything will be tokenized and
connected using the blockchain.”
Anastasia Kovaleva, VP Asia