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Casper Burgering
Senior sector econoom (020 383 26 93 or casper.burgering@nl.abnamro.com)
juni 2013
Staal industrie
Economisch Bureau
Metalen - fundamentele pijlers
Bron: ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau
Vraag:
Aanbod:
Input:
China /
US / EU:
balans
- bouw
- industriële productie
- auto industrie
- overig (vb verpakking)
- basis metaal productie
- voorraden
- capaciteit / bezettingsgraad
- ruwe materialen (ertsen)
- schroot
- electriciteit
- BBP (+ voorspellingen)
- PMI
- fixed asset investments
- overig macro economie
1
2
3
4
Overig:5
- wereldhandel
- olieprijs ontwikkelingen
- FX ontwikkelingen (USD)
- speculatie
- stakingen bij mijnen
(Non)-ferrofundamentelepijlers
Basismetalen Staal IJzererts /Cokeskolen
- bouw
- industriele productie
- auto industrie
- ruw staal productie
- capaciteit / bezettingsgraad
- service center voorraden
- importen
- ijzererts
- cokeskolen
- schroot en limestone
- BBP (+ voorspellingen)
- PMI
- fixed asset investments
- overig macro economie
- wereldhandel
- olieprijs ontwikkelingen
- FX ontwikkelingen
- overheidsreguleringen
- staal fabrieken
- handelaren/service centers
- cokeskolen productie
- ijzererts productie
- nieuwe projecten
- voorraden
- aanbod verstoringen
- kwaliteit van ruwe materialen
- weersomstandigheden
- wereldhandel
- overheidsreguleringen
- infrastructuur/transport
- BBP (+ voorspellingen)
- PMI
- fixed asset investments
- overig macro economie
- mijnwerktuigen en technologie
- kundig personeel
Economisch Bureau
Wereld – BBP voorspellingen
3
Bron: ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
DenmarkFrance
Germany
India
Indonesia
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Russia
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
UAE
UK
US
Vietnam
Ireland
Greece
Eurozone
Emerging Asia
Emering Europe
Latin America
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
-5% -4% -3% -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9%
GDPgrowth(y-o-y)2014
GDP growth (y-o-y) 2013
world GDP growth
(2014): 3.8% (yoy)
world GDP growth
(2013): 3.2% (yoy)
Economisch Bureau
4
Metaalmarkten in perspectief
Bron: IISI, Metal Bulletin, Thomson Reuters Datastream
Economisch Bureau
Aandeel regio’s in productie ruw staal
64%
47%
11%
6%
52%
23%
19%
10%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
China+EU+US China Europe US
2012 2002
Staal en basismetaal vergeleken
32
74
874
119
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
Staal Aluminium Koper Nikkel Zink
Metaal markten, production volume 2012 (1000 Mt)
Production volume
Staalsector is xx-maal groter dan …
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Aluminium Koper Nikkel Zink
Production volume Consumption volume Stocks
Data 2012, in 1.000 Mt
90
110
130
150
170
190
210
230
Aluminium Koper Nikkel Zink Staal
Productiegroei, index (1998=100)
Productiegroei metaalmarkten sinds 1998Basismetaalmarkten in verhouding
China - balans in vraag/aanbod metaalmarkten
Bron: IISI, CRU, MB, Brookhunt, UNCTAD, ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau
World share of China in metals supply and demand (Q1-2013):
} Aluminium 42%
} Koper 27%
} Nikkel 27%
} Zink 41%
} Ruw staal 46%
} IJzererts 15%
(converted to world high quality avg)
Aanbod:
} Aluminium 40%
} Koper 40%
} Nikkel 46%
} Zink 43%
} Finished steel 51%
} IJzererts 65%
(of total world imports)
Vraag:
Belangrijkste factoren om blijvend te volgen:
} Niveau van Chinese vraag naar metalen door eindgebruikers
} Overcapaciteit in China
} Impact Chinees overheidsbeleid o.g.v. export, overcapaciteit en energie
•••
Steel and iron ore = 2011 data
Economisch Bureau
6
Wereld staal productie in historisch perspectief
Bron: IISI, ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau
Economisch Bureau
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
1.400
1.600
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1902
1904
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
1910 - 1940:
CAGR 4.4%/yr
1880 - 1910:
CAGR 11.7%/yr
1940 - 1970:
CAGR 6.4%/yr
1970 - 2000:
CAGR 4.2%/yr
2000 - now:
CAGR
6.9%/yr
1989: fall Berlin Wall
1990: Gulf War 1
1850: beginning of
modern steel industry
1914 - 1918: World War 1
1929: Great Depression
(-57% yoy in steel output)
1939 - 1945:
World War 2
1973: oil
crisis
1979: oil crisis
Early 1980s recession
('79-'82: -26% in steel
output)
1974-1975:
(-12% in steel
output)
1944-1946:
(-31% in steel
output) 1990-1992:
(-12% in steel
output)
1997: Asian financial crisis
2003: Gulf War 2
2001: IOC
announcement
for Olympics
2008; also China
member WTO
2007-
2009:
(-9% in
steel
output)
Mt
1946-1990: Cold War Era
Source: IISI, ABN AMRO Group Economics
Staal value chain
Bron: Clarkson Research Services, Metal Bulletin, ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau
seaborne route
land borne route
(for iron ore to China >95%)
transport terminal dock shipping dock terminal transport
iron ore mining
coking coal mining
steel end
users
service
centers /
traderstransport
steel
industry
customs customs
50%
- From Aus-China: 10-15 days
- From Brazil-China: 30-40 days
Economisch Bureau
Car
Construc-
tion
Industrial
manufac-
turing
0
100
200
300
400
2010 2011 2012
Prijs cokeskolen (USD/t)
0
100
200
300
2010 2011 2012 2013
Prijs ijzererts (USD/t)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2010 2011 2012 2013
Baltic Dry (prijs index)
Crude steel cost model
USD USD USD
FACTOR UNIT VARIABLE UNIT COST VARIABLE COSTS FIXED COSTS TOTAL
Iron ore 1,567 tonne 112,5 176,29 $176,29
Iron ore transport 1,567 tonne 17,97 28,16 $28,16
Coking coal 0,916 tonne 139 127,32 $127,32
Coking coal transport 0,916 tonne 6,13 5,62 $5,62
Steel scrap 0,141 tonne 380 53,58 $53,58
Scrap delivery 0,141 tonne 5 0,71 $0,71
Oxygen 196 m3 0,115 22,54 $22,54
Ferroalloys 0,014 tonne 1250 17,50 $17,50
Fluxes 0,527 tonne 55 28,99 $28,99
Refractories 0,009 tonne 650 5,85 $5,85
Other costs 1 18 18,00 4,5 $22,50
By-product credits -34,10 ($34,10)
Thermal energy -7,98 GJ 13,6 -108,53 ($108,53)
Electricity 0,133 MWh 96 12,77 1,92 $14,69
Labour 0,672 Manhour 43 28,90 7,22 $36,12
Capital charges 0,00 69,89 $69,89
TOTAL -67,05 83,53 $467,11 per tonne
15,9% margin
Industrial
production
50%
Construc-
tion 25%
Car
manufac-
turing 15%
Other 10%
Economische ontwikkeling van landen
Russia (2000)
Brazil (2000)
India (2000)
China (2000)
Brazil (2012)
Russia (2012)
India (2012)
China (2012)
South Africa
(2000)
South Africa
(2012)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
0 100 200 300 400 500
Apparent steel use per capita (kg)
GDPpercapita(USD)
China
India
Russia
Indonesia
US
Germany
France
Spain
Turkey
Mexico
South
Africa
Japan
Netherlands
Australia
Brazil
Ukraine
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Urbanisation ratio (%)
GDPpercapita(USD)
Size bubble = crude steel use per capita (kg)
} In de typische pad van ontwikkeling, vraag naar industriële goederen zal stijgen
} Bouw aan infrastructuur, gebouwen
} Grote behoefte aan industriele materialen (staal, basis metalen, cement, etc.)
Transformatie van opkomende landen zet door
Urbanisatiegraad & BBP per capita Staal consumptie per capita
Bron: IISI, Worldbank, ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau
Economisch Bureau
Nieuwe projecten IJzererts (~ komende 5 jaar)
Australia
Africa
Brazil
Canada
400-425 Mt
250-275 Mt
275-300 Mt
150-175 Mt
* Minor selection of total green- and brownfield projects worldwide
China
75-100 Mt
Bron: USGS, UNCTAD, Mining Journal, verschillende openbare bronnen
} May 2012: Total project pipeline is 796 Mt of new production capacity, to come on
stream between 2012-2014
ð Of which: 34% is certain, 28% is probable, 38% is possible
21%
(of world iron ore
reserves)
17%
(of world iron ore
reserves)
15%
(of world iron ore
reserves)
14%
(of world iron
ore reserves)
Russia
175-200 MtUkraine
75-100 Mt
India
< 25 Mt
S. Africa
< 25 Mt
Economisch Bureau
Overcapaciteit in de staalsector
82%
71%
77%
79%
78%
79%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Utilisationrate(%)
Avg utilisation rate 2008 avg 2009 avg
2010 avg 2011 avg 2012 avg
2013 avg
} In Europa zijn al veel fabrieken en productielijnen gesloten
} China heeft een overcapaciteit van circa 40 million tons staal
} Probleem zal niet op korte termijn worden opgelost
Grootste uitdaging voor de staalsector: overcapaciteit
Staal bezettingsgraad (wereld gem.) Teveel capaciteit
World steel
production
Total steel
capacity
% unused
capacity
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
1,000Mt
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
%overcapacity
Bron: IISI, Thomson Reuters Datastream
Economisch Bureau
11
Prijsontwikkelingen staal
Bron: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Markit Economics
Staalprijs (pj) in dollars van nu Staalprijs per maand
} Overcapaciteit in China en Europa
} Vraag uit belangrijke eindsectoren blijft zwak
} China heeft stappen aangekondigd om overcapaciteit aan te pakken
} In Europa hebben grote staalbedrijven stappen ondernomen
Staalprijs zal naar verwachting verder verzwakken
Economisch Bureau
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Global steel price (USD/t now)
Global steel price (USD now)
Linear (Global steel price (USD now))
434
619
240
468
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013
Global steel price Avg (1995-now) Avg (2009-now)
Avg (1995-2001) Avg (2001-2008)
Afhankelijkheid van ruwe materialen (staal)
Bron: ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau (based on data from BP, EIA, UNCTAD)
• Basis: aandeel
in werled
bewezen
voorraden
• Binnenlandse
beschikbaarheid
& mate van
zelfvoorzienend
• Externe
afhankelijkheid
• Basis: aandeel in wereld importen 2011
• Noodzakelijk t.b.v. verdere economische
ontwikkeling en transitie
• Urbanisatie graad en demografie
Laag Hoog
Hoe hoog is de noodzaak voor een land?
Wat is de
basis
reserve
van een
land?
Laag
Hoog
China – iron ore
China – coal
India – iron ore
India – coal
Japan – coal
Japan – iron ore
EU – iron ore
Indonesia – coal
S.Korea – iron ore
Australia – iron ore
Brazil – iron ore
Brazil – coal
Mongolia – coal
Ontwikkelde landen
‘Newly industrialized’
Ontwikkelingslanden
Minst ontwikkelde landen
Russia – iron ore
Russia – coal
Americas – coal
Australia – coal
S.Korea –coal
S. Africa – coal
EU – coal
Economisch Bureau
Belangrijke trends in metaalmarkten tot 2015
Bron: ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau
1) Toenemende onzekerheid
2) Overcapaciteit
3) China
} Business cycles zijn korter geworden
} Door verandering in prijsmechanisme ruwe materialen is prijsvolatiliteit van steel
toegenomen
} Basismetaal markten worden sterk beinvloedt door fondsen en investeerders
} Capaciteit toegenomen in bijna alle metaalmarkten, zelfs ten tijde van recessie
} Deze overcapaciteit zal op lange termijn de markten parten spelen
} Invloed van China op internationale metaalmarkten (en dus prijzen) is groot
} Overheidsbeleid m.b.t. aanpakken overcapaciteit is bemoedigend, maar wellicht te
ambitieus en zal op korte termijn weinig effect sorteren
Volgens ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau zullen 3 belangrijke trends de richting van
zowel ferro als non-ferro markten bepalen tot en met 2015:
Economisch Bureau
14
Overige informatie & disclaimer
Casper Burgering
Senior sector econoom
Industrie & grondstoffen
ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau
tel: 020 383 26 93
e-mail: casper.burgering@nl.abnamro.com
ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau op internet
www.abnamro.nl/economischbureau
Voor meer informatie over deze sector, neem contact op met:
Disclaimer:
Copyright 2013 ABN AMRO and affiliated companies (“ABN AMRO”), Gustav Mahlerlaan 10, 1082 PP Amsterdam / PO Box 283, 1000 EA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. All right reserved.
This material is provided to you for information purposes only. Before investing in any product of ABN AMRO Bank NV, you should inform yourself about various consequences that you may
encounter under the laws of your country. ABN AMRO Bank NV has taken all reasonable care to ensure that the information contained in this document is correct but does not accept liability
for any misprints. ABN AMRO Bank NV reserves the right to make amendments to this material.
This material which is subject to change without notice is provided for informational purposes and should not be construed as a solicitation or offer to buy or sell any securities or related
financial instruments. While ABN AMRO makes reasonable efforts to obtain information from sources, which it believes to be reliable, ABN AMRO makes no representation or warranty of any
kind, either express or implied as to the accuracy, reliability, up-to-dateness or completeness of the information contained herein. Nothing herein constitutes an investment, legal, tax or other
advice nor is it to be relied on in any investment or decision. Certain services and products are subject to legal restrictions and therefore may not be available for residents of certain countries.
You should obtain relevant and specific professional advice before making any investment decision. The past performance is not necessarily a guide to the future result of an investment. The
value of investments may go up or down due to various factors including but not limited to changes in rates of foreign exchange and investors may not get back the amount invested. ABN
AMRO disclaims any responsibility and liability whatsoever in this respect.
Economisch Bureau
http://nl.linkedin.com/in/casperburgering
https://twitter.com/CasperBurgering

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ABN AMRO - Staal industrie (juni 2013)

  • 1. Casper Burgering Senior sector econoom (020 383 26 93 or casper.burgering@nl.abnamro.com) juni 2013 Staal industrie Economisch Bureau
  • 2. Metalen - fundamentele pijlers Bron: ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau Vraag: Aanbod: Input: China / US / EU: balans - bouw - industriële productie - auto industrie - overig (vb verpakking) - basis metaal productie - voorraden - capaciteit / bezettingsgraad - ruwe materialen (ertsen) - schroot - electriciteit - BBP (+ voorspellingen) - PMI - fixed asset investments - overig macro economie 1 2 3 4 Overig:5 - wereldhandel - olieprijs ontwikkelingen - FX ontwikkelingen (USD) - speculatie - stakingen bij mijnen (Non)-ferrofundamentelepijlers Basismetalen Staal IJzererts /Cokeskolen - bouw - industriele productie - auto industrie - ruw staal productie - capaciteit / bezettingsgraad - service center voorraden - importen - ijzererts - cokeskolen - schroot en limestone - BBP (+ voorspellingen) - PMI - fixed asset investments - overig macro economie - wereldhandel - olieprijs ontwikkelingen - FX ontwikkelingen - overheidsreguleringen - staal fabrieken - handelaren/service centers - cokeskolen productie - ijzererts productie - nieuwe projecten - voorraden - aanbod verstoringen - kwaliteit van ruwe materialen - weersomstandigheden - wereldhandel - overheidsreguleringen - infrastructuur/transport - BBP (+ voorspellingen) - PMI - fixed asset investments - overig macro economie - mijnwerktuigen en technologie - kundig personeel Economisch Bureau
  • 3. Wereld – BBP voorspellingen 3 Bron: ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau Australia Brazil Canada China DenmarkFrance Germany India Indonesia Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Russia South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey UAE UK US Vietnam Ireland Greece Eurozone Emerging Asia Emering Europe Latin America -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% -5% -4% -3% -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% GDPgrowth(y-o-y)2014 GDP growth (y-o-y) 2013 world GDP growth (2014): 3.8% (yoy) world GDP growth (2013): 3.2% (yoy) Economisch Bureau
  • 4. 4 Metaalmarkten in perspectief Bron: IISI, Metal Bulletin, Thomson Reuters Datastream Economisch Bureau Aandeel regio’s in productie ruw staal 64% 47% 11% 6% 52% 23% 19% 10% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% China+EU+US China Europe US 2012 2002 Staal en basismetaal vergeleken 32 74 874 119 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000 Staal Aluminium Koper Nikkel Zink Metaal markten, production volume 2012 (1000 Mt) Production volume Staalsector is xx-maal groter dan … 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Aluminium Koper Nikkel Zink Production volume Consumption volume Stocks Data 2012, in 1.000 Mt 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 Aluminium Koper Nikkel Zink Staal Productiegroei, index (1998=100) Productiegroei metaalmarkten sinds 1998Basismetaalmarkten in verhouding
  • 5. China - balans in vraag/aanbod metaalmarkten Bron: IISI, CRU, MB, Brookhunt, UNCTAD, ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau World share of China in metals supply and demand (Q1-2013): } Aluminium 42% } Koper 27% } Nikkel 27% } Zink 41% } Ruw staal 46% } IJzererts 15% (converted to world high quality avg) Aanbod: } Aluminium 40% } Koper 40% } Nikkel 46% } Zink 43% } Finished steel 51% } IJzererts 65% (of total world imports) Vraag: Belangrijkste factoren om blijvend te volgen: } Niveau van Chinese vraag naar metalen door eindgebruikers } Overcapaciteit in China } Impact Chinees overheidsbeleid o.g.v. export, overcapaciteit en energie ••• Steel and iron ore = 2011 data Economisch Bureau
  • 6. 6 Wereld staal productie in historisch perspectief Bron: IISI, ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau Economisch Bureau 0 200 400 600 800 1.000 1.200 1.400 1.600 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 1910 - 1940: CAGR 4.4%/yr 1880 - 1910: CAGR 11.7%/yr 1940 - 1970: CAGR 6.4%/yr 1970 - 2000: CAGR 4.2%/yr 2000 - now: CAGR 6.9%/yr 1989: fall Berlin Wall 1990: Gulf War 1 1850: beginning of modern steel industry 1914 - 1918: World War 1 1929: Great Depression (-57% yoy in steel output) 1939 - 1945: World War 2 1973: oil crisis 1979: oil crisis Early 1980s recession ('79-'82: -26% in steel output) 1974-1975: (-12% in steel output) 1944-1946: (-31% in steel output) 1990-1992: (-12% in steel output) 1997: Asian financial crisis 2003: Gulf War 2 2001: IOC announcement for Olympics 2008; also China member WTO 2007- 2009: (-9% in steel output) Mt 1946-1990: Cold War Era Source: IISI, ABN AMRO Group Economics
  • 7. Staal value chain Bron: Clarkson Research Services, Metal Bulletin, ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau seaborne route land borne route (for iron ore to China >95%) transport terminal dock shipping dock terminal transport iron ore mining coking coal mining steel end users service centers / traderstransport steel industry customs customs 50% - From Aus-China: 10-15 days - From Brazil-China: 30-40 days Economisch Bureau Car Construc- tion Industrial manufac- turing 0 100 200 300 400 2010 2011 2012 Prijs cokeskolen (USD/t) 0 100 200 300 2010 2011 2012 2013 Prijs ijzererts (USD/t) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 2010 2011 2012 2013 Baltic Dry (prijs index) Crude steel cost model USD USD USD FACTOR UNIT VARIABLE UNIT COST VARIABLE COSTS FIXED COSTS TOTAL Iron ore 1,567 tonne 112,5 176,29 $176,29 Iron ore transport 1,567 tonne 17,97 28,16 $28,16 Coking coal 0,916 tonne 139 127,32 $127,32 Coking coal transport 0,916 tonne 6,13 5,62 $5,62 Steel scrap 0,141 tonne 380 53,58 $53,58 Scrap delivery 0,141 tonne 5 0,71 $0,71 Oxygen 196 m3 0,115 22,54 $22,54 Ferroalloys 0,014 tonne 1250 17,50 $17,50 Fluxes 0,527 tonne 55 28,99 $28,99 Refractories 0,009 tonne 650 5,85 $5,85 Other costs 1 18 18,00 4,5 $22,50 By-product credits -34,10 ($34,10) Thermal energy -7,98 GJ 13,6 -108,53 ($108,53) Electricity 0,133 MWh 96 12,77 1,92 $14,69 Labour 0,672 Manhour 43 28,90 7,22 $36,12 Capital charges 0,00 69,89 $69,89 TOTAL -67,05 83,53 $467,11 per tonne 15,9% margin Industrial production 50% Construc- tion 25% Car manufac- turing 15% Other 10%
  • 8. Economische ontwikkeling van landen Russia (2000) Brazil (2000) India (2000) China (2000) Brazil (2012) Russia (2012) India (2012) China (2012) South Africa (2000) South Africa (2012) 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 0 100 200 300 400 500 Apparent steel use per capita (kg) GDPpercapita(USD) China India Russia Indonesia US Germany France Spain Turkey Mexico South Africa Japan Netherlands Australia Brazil Ukraine 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Urbanisation ratio (%) GDPpercapita(USD) Size bubble = crude steel use per capita (kg) } In de typische pad van ontwikkeling, vraag naar industriële goederen zal stijgen } Bouw aan infrastructuur, gebouwen } Grote behoefte aan industriele materialen (staal, basis metalen, cement, etc.) Transformatie van opkomende landen zet door Urbanisatiegraad & BBP per capita Staal consumptie per capita Bron: IISI, Worldbank, ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau Economisch Bureau
  • 9. Nieuwe projecten IJzererts (~ komende 5 jaar) Australia Africa Brazil Canada 400-425 Mt 250-275 Mt 275-300 Mt 150-175 Mt * Minor selection of total green- and brownfield projects worldwide China 75-100 Mt Bron: USGS, UNCTAD, Mining Journal, verschillende openbare bronnen } May 2012: Total project pipeline is 796 Mt of new production capacity, to come on stream between 2012-2014 ð Of which: 34% is certain, 28% is probable, 38% is possible 21% (of world iron ore reserves) 17% (of world iron ore reserves) 15% (of world iron ore reserves) 14% (of world iron ore reserves) Russia 175-200 MtUkraine 75-100 Mt India < 25 Mt S. Africa < 25 Mt Economisch Bureau
  • 10. Overcapaciteit in de staalsector 82% 71% 77% 79% 78% 79% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Utilisationrate(%) Avg utilisation rate 2008 avg 2009 avg 2010 avg 2011 avg 2012 avg 2013 avg } In Europa zijn al veel fabrieken en productielijnen gesloten } China heeft een overcapaciteit van circa 40 million tons staal } Probleem zal niet op korte termijn worden opgelost Grootste uitdaging voor de staalsector: overcapaciteit Staal bezettingsgraad (wereld gem.) Teveel capaciteit World steel production Total steel capacity % unused capacity 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1,000Mt 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% %overcapacity Bron: IISI, Thomson Reuters Datastream Economisch Bureau
  • 11. 11 Prijsontwikkelingen staal Bron: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Markit Economics Staalprijs (pj) in dollars van nu Staalprijs per maand } Overcapaciteit in China en Europa } Vraag uit belangrijke eindsectoren blijft zwak } China heeft stappen aangekondigd om overcapaciteit aan te pakken } In Europa hebben grote staalbedrijven stappen ondernomen Staalprijs zal naar verwachting verder verzwakken Economisch Bureau 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Global steel price (USD/t now) Global steel price (USD now) Linear (Global steel price (USD now)) 434 619 240 468 0 200 400 600 800 1.000 1.200 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 Global steel price Avg (1995-now) Avg (2009-now) Avg (1995-2001) Avg (2001-2008)
  • 12. Afhankelijkheid van ruwe materialen (staal) Bron: ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau (based on data from BP, EIA, UNCTAD) • Basis: aandeel in werled bewezen voorraden • Binnenlandse beschikbaarheid & mate van zelfvoorzienend • Externe afhankelijkheid • Basis: aandeel in wereld importen 2011 • Noodzakelijk t.b.v. verdere economische ontwikkeling en transitie • Urbanisatie graad en demografie Laag Hoog Hoe hoog is de noodzaak voor een land? Wat is de basis reserve van een land? Laag Hoog China – iron ore China – coal India – iron ore India – coal Japan – coal Japan – iron ore EU – iron ore Indonesia – coal S.Korea – iron ore Australia – iron ore Brazil – iron ore Brazil – coal Mongolia – coal Ontwikkelde landen ‘Newly industrialized’ Ontwikkelingslanden Minst ontwikkelde landen Russia – iron ore Russia – coal Americas – coal Australia – coal S.Korea –coal S. Africa – coal EU – coal Economisch Bureau
  • 13. Belangrijke trends in metaalmarkten tot 2015 Bron: ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau 1) Toenemende onzekerheid 2) Overcapaciteit 3) China } Business cycles zijn korter geworden } Door verandering in prijsmechanisme ruwe materialen is prijsvolatiliteit van steel toegenomen } Basismetaal markten worden sterk beinvloedt door fondsen en investeerders } Capaciteit toegenomen in bijna alle metaalmarkten, zelfs ten tijde van recessie } Deze overcapaciteit zal op lange termijn de markten parten spelen } Invloed van China op internationale metaalmarkten (en dus prijzen) is groot } Overheidsbeleid m.b.t. aanpakken overcapaciteit is bemoedigend, maar wellicht te ambitieus en zal op korte termijn weinig effect sorteren Volgens ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau zullen 3 belangrijke trends de richting van zowel ferro als non-ferro markten bepalen tot en met 2015: Economisch Bureau
  • 14. 14 Overige informatie & disclaimer Casper Burgering Senior sector econoom Industrie & grondstoffen ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau tel: 020 383 26 93 e-mail: casper.burgering@nl.abnamro.com ABN AMRO Economisch Bureau op internet www.abnamro.nl/economischbureau Voor meer informatie over deze sector, neem contact op met: Disclaimer: Copyright 2013 ABN AMRO and affiliated companies (“ABN AMRO”), Gustav Mahlerlaan 10, 1082 PP Amsterdam / PO Box 283, 1000 EA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. All right reserved. This material is provided to you for information purposes only. Before investing in any product of ABN AMRO Bank NV, you should inform yourself about various consequences that you may encounter under the laws of your country. ABN AMRO Bank NV has taken all reasonable care to ensure that the information contained in this document is correct but does not accept liability for any misprints. ABN AMRO Bank NV reserves the right to make amendments to this material. This material which is subject to change without notice is provided for informational purposes and should not be construed as a solicitation or offer to buy or sell any securities or related financial instruments. While ABN AMRO makes reasonable efforts to obtain information from sources, which it believes to be reliable, ABN AMRO makes no representation or warranty of any kind, either express or implied as to the accuracy, reliability, up-to-dateness or completeness of the information contained herein. Nothing herein constitutes an investment, legal, tax or other advice nor is it to be relied on in any investment or decision. Certain services and products are subject to legal restrictions and therefore may not be available for residents of certain countries. You should obtain relevant and specific professional advice before making any investment decision. The past performance is not necessarily a guide to the future result of an investment. The value of investments may go up or down due to various factors including but not limited to changes in rates of foreign exchange and investors may not get back the amount invested. ABN AMRO disclaims any responsibility and liability whatsoever in this respect. Economisch Bureau http://nl.linkedin.com/in/casperburgering https://twitter.com/CasperBurgering