This document summarizes the impact of print culture on the modern world in 3 key areas: 1. Print technology originated in East Asia and spread to Europe via missionaries and traders, leading to developments like the printing press that mass produced text. This popularized ideas and allowed wide distribution of literature. 2. In Europe, print helped spread the ideas of philosophers during the French Revolution and questioned the existing social order. In India, print opened minds and helped initiate nationalism by allowing authors to write about injustice and social reforms. 3. Print made books more widely available, including to poor people through libraries. It exposed people to new ideas and forms of expression and encouraged public debate on religious and social issues in India

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“PrintCultureAndModernWorld”
PRESENTED BY :- SIDDHARTH DAS
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2. Print culture Modern the modern
world
● Print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea.
● Diamond Sutra was the first Japanese book printed by
Buddhist missionary.
● In the 11th C. Chinese paper reached Europe.
● Marko-Polo brought woodblock printing knowledge to Italy.
● In Germany Johann Gutenberg first developed the printing
press.

3. Print culture and the French
Revolution
● Print popularized the idea of Philosophers like Rousseau8 , Voltair.
● Print created a new culture of debate and dialogue.
● Literature raised question about the existing social order.
● Print helped to spread the ideas of the philosopher. People widely read it and
influenced by their ideas.
● Print opened up the peoples mind to think differently.

4. Print and poor people
● In 19th c, very cheap and small books were to market.
● From the early 20th c, public libraries were set up mostly in towns, cities and prosperousvillages.
● Jyotiba Phule wrote about the injustice of women in “Gulamgiri” in 1871.
● In the 20th c, B.R. Ambedkar , E.V. Ramaswamy Naicar wrote powerfully about casts.
● Bengal millworkers set up libraries to educate themselves.
● Print culture helped to begin nationalism in India.

5. India and the world of Print
● India had a rich and old tradition of handwriting manuscript.
● In the mid 16th c.Printing came to India with Portuguese Missionaries.
● In 1579 Catholic priest first printed the Tamilbook.
● In the late 17th c. East India company Brought the first printing pressto India.
● In 1780 James Augustus Hickey began to edit the “Bengal Gazette”.
● GangadharBhattacharya was the first Indian who published the newspaperBengal Gazette.

6. Religious reform and public
debate
● From the early 18th century , there were intense debate around religious issues.
● Some criticized existing practices and campaigned for reforms others countered
the arguments of reforms.
● Ram Mohan Ray Published the “Sambaed Kumauni” . Hindu orthodox published
the :Chama char Chandra” to oppose his opinion.
● Persian and Guajarati newspaperwere also published.
● Religious texts encouraged people to discussion, debate and controversies
within and among different religions.
● Ulama published Persian and Urdu translations of Holy Scriptures and printed
Religious News papers

7. NEW FORMS OF PUBLICATIONS
● Novels and otherliterary books published.It openedup a new world of experience.
● Lyries , short stories, essays were published in great numbers and they reinforced
the new emphasison humanlives.
● Painterslike Raja Ravi Verma produceimagesfor masscirculation.
● By the 1670s, Caricatureand cartoonswerepublishedin journals and newspapers.

8. WOMEN AND PRINT
● Women’s readingincreased in middle class homes.
●
● Liberalhusbands and fathers began educating their womenfolk at homes.
● Many journals began carrying writings by women and explained why women should be educated.
● Hindusbelievedthat a literate girl would be widowed.
● Muslimsbelieved that educated women would be corrupted by reading Urdu romances.
● Rashsundari Devi learnt to read in the secrecy of her home. She wrote her autobiography “Amar Jivan”
which was published in 1876.
● Socialreforms and novels created a great interestin women lives and emotions.
● Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai wrote with anger about the miserable lives of Upper caste Hindu
women.
● A few Bengali women like Kailash bashini Devi wrote books highlighting the experiences of women about
how women were imprisoned at home, kept in ignorance and forced to do hard domestic works.
● From 1870, Hindu print culture had developed. Urdu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi print culture had already
developed.
● By the early 20th century, journals were popular. They discussed issues like women’s educations,
widowhood, widow remarriageand the national movement.

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