This study examines the expression and localization of the HLA-H protein, which is defective in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, in the gastrointestinal tract. The researchers generated an antibody to the C-terminal region of the HLA-H protein and used it to determine the localization of HLA-H in the GI tract of subjects without hemochromatosis. They found that HLA-H expression varied along the GI tract, with unique intracellular and perinuclear staining in the crypt epithelial cells of the small intestine, compared to basolateral or whole plasma membrane staining in other regions. This unique localization in the small intestine may provide insight into HLA-H's role in iron absorption.
Professor Watchara Kasinrerk is an immunologist who received his PhD in immunology from Austria. He researches monoclonal antibody production and application at Chiang Mai University. His lab produces monoclonal antibodies using various methods for characterizing leukocyte surface molecules and developing immunodiagnostic kits. Recently he developed a non-flow cytometric method for CD4+ T cell enumeration using a hematology analyzer, providing an alternative for HIV/AIDS monitoring in limited resource settings.
F1. The document discusses the history and meaning of the Order of the White Elephant, an honor bestowed by the king of Thailand. It notes that the order was established in 1861 and is limited to 100 recipients at a time. The order recognizes exceptional civilian service to the Thai nation and monarch. Recipients are entitled to use the title of "Luang" and wear the insignia of a white elephant.
This study compared four different blood agar media for culturing Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus: 1) defibrinated horse blood agar, 2) defibrinated sheep blood agar, 3) citrated sheep blood agar, and 4) human blood agar. Colony growth was similar across all media. However, human blood agar showed substantially smaller colony sizes and poor or absent hemolysis. Citrated sheep blood agar is an acceptable alternative that maintains characteristic morphology and hemolysis, unlike human blood agar. Human blood agar is not recommended for isolation or antibiotic susceptibility testing.
Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells located in bone marrow. There are three main lineages - erythroid cells (red blood cells), lymphocytes (white blood cells involved in immunity), and myelocytes (other white blood cells). Hematopoietic stem cells self-renew and can differentiate into various mature blood cell types. Growth factors and cytokines regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of blood cell lineages, while transcription factors determine the specific lineages that cells develop into.
This study examines the expression and localization of the HLA-H protein, which is defective in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, in the gastrointestinal tract. The researchers generated an antibody to the C-terminal region of the HLA-H protein and used it to determine the localization of HLA-H in the GI tract of subjects without hemochromatosis. They found that HLA-H expression varied along the GI tract, with unique intracellular and perinuclear staining in the crypt epithelial cells of the small intestine, compared to basolateral or whole plasma membrane staining in other regions. This unique localization in the small intestine may provide insight into HLA-H's role in iron absorption.
Professor Watchara Kasinrerk is an immunologist who received his PhD in immunology from Austria. He researches monoclonal antibody production and application at Chiang Mai University. His lab produces monoclonal antibodies using various methods for characterizing leukocyte surface molecules and developing immunodiagnostic kits. Recently he developed a non-flow cytometric method for CD4+ T cell enumeration using a hematology analyzer, providing an alternative for HIV/AIDS monitoring in limited resource settings.
F1. The document discusses the history and meaning of the Order of the White Elephant, an honor bestowed by the king of Thailand. It notes that the order was established in 1861 and is limited to 100 recipients at a time. The order recognizes exceptional civilian service to the Thai nation and monarch. Recipients are entitled to use the title of "Luang" and wear the insignia of a white elephant.
This study compared four different blood agar media for culturing Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus: 1) defibrinated horse blood agar, 2) defibrinated sheep blood agar, 3) citrated sheep blood agar, and 4) human blood agar. Colony growth was similar across all media. However, human blood agar showed substantially smaller colony sizes and poor or absent hemolysis. Citrated sheep blood agar is an acceptable alternative that maintains characteristic morphology and hemolysis, unlike human blood agar. Human blood agar is not recommended for isolation or antibiotic susceptibility testing.
Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells located in bone marrow. There are three main lineages - erythroid cells (red blood cells), lymphocytes (white blood cells involved in immunity), and myelocytes (other white blood cells). Hematopoietic stem cells self-renew and can differentiate into various mature blood cell types. Growth factors and cytokines regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of blood cell lineages, while transcription factors determine the specific lineages that cells develop into.
Polycythemia vera is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by increased red blood cell production which leads to thickened blood and risk of blood clots. Diagnosis is based on criteria including elevated red blood cell count and spleen enlargement. Treatment aims to reduce blood thickness and prevent clots through regular blood removal and medications to suppress bone marrow activity.
This document discusses hemopoiesis, the production of blood cells. It describes the stem cells and progenitor cells involved in blood cell production, including pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into any blood cell type. The stages of red blood cell and white blood cell development are outlined. Hemopoiesis is regulated by growth factors and cytokines that influence proliferation, differentiation and maturation of blood cells. The key cell types and signaling molecules involved in hemopoiesis are identified.
Naturally acquired plasmodium knowlesi malaria in human, thailand[1]Prasit Chanarat
1) A 38-year-old Thai man contracted Plasmodium knowlesi malaria after spending time in a forested area of southern Thailand near the Thai-Myanmar border.
2) Microscopic examination of blood smears showed malaria parasites consistent with P. malariae. However, PCR and sequencing of the small subunit rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome b genes confirmed the species as P. knowlesi.
3) This is the first reported case of naturally acquired P. knowlesi malaria in humans in Thailand, indicating that wild primate populations may serve as reservoirs for simian malaria parasites capable of infecting humans.
This document reports on six cases of haemolytic anemia that occurred during the course of typhoid fever. The incidence of haemolytic anemia in the reported typhoid cases was 4.6%. All six patients showed signs of anaemia and jaundice. Laboratory findings indicated increased bilirubin levels and urobilinogen in urine. The red blood cell fragility was increased in some cases. The effects of chloramphenicol and ACTH treatment are also discussed.
This document describes engineering a novel secretion signal (SS) that is capable of directing the secretion of recombinant proteins from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The researchers demonstrated secretion of fusion reporter proteins containing the SS in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and six different eukaryotic cell lines. They also showed estrogen-inducible secretion of fusion reporter proteins in six common eukaryotic cell lines. The SS allows flexible strategy for production and secretion of recombinant proteins in numerous hosts and rapid study of protein expression.
This document summarizes the expression of recombinant β-lactoglobulin (rBLG) in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In Escherichia coli, rBLG was expressed with a pET26 vector and was found predominantly in a denatured form, even when expressed in the periplasm. In eukaryotic cells like COS-7 and mouse tibialis muscle, rBLG was expressed in its native conformation. The authors quantified rBLG expression using immunoassays that distinguish between native and denatured rBLG. They found higher expression levels and native folding of rBLG in eukaryotic systems compared to prokaryotic expression
This poster presentation compares the potentials and limitations of various prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems for recombinant protein production. It summarizes data on typical maximum specific growth rates, specific product formation rates, product concentrations, and volumetric productivities for E. coli, P. pastoris, and CHO cell expression systems. The data provide a basis for understanding the biological limitations of protein synthesis and secretion in different host systems and identifying opportunities to optimize current expression systems.
This document describes a study comparing eukaryotic and prokaryotic recombinant Lutheran blood group protein for antibody identification. Recombinant Lutheran proteins were generated from both eukaryotic HEK293 cells and prokaryotic E. coli. Both recombinant proteins proved equally effective at identifying anti-Lub antibodies in patient samples. The recombinant proteins could potentially replace rare red blood cells in identifying antibodies against high-frequency antigens, allowing for more routine identification.
The document provides guidance on amplifying and purifying recombinant proteins. It discusses choosing a host system, vectors, and fusion tags for recombinant protein expression and purification. Common host systems include bacteria, yeast, insect and mammalian cells. Vectors can be for non-fusion or fusion proteins. Common fusion tags are GST and polyhistidine, each with advantages and disadvantages. The document then provides detailed protocols for purifying GST and polyhistidine fusion proteins using affinity chromatography.
This document summarizes recent applications of recombinant fusion proteins for tissue engineering. It discusses four main classes of recombinant fusion proteins: 1) Structure-based proteins like elastin-like polymers (ELPs) and silk-like polymers (SLPs) which can be designed to modulate mechanical properties and biodegradation. 2) Cell-bound growth factor fusion proteins which link growth factors like bFGF and EGF to promote cellular responses. 3) Hybrid systems combining recombinant proteins with synthetic polymers. 4) Cadherin-based fusion proteins which may be applicable for stem cell tissue engineering by facilitating cell-cell interactions. The document outlines examples of each type of fusion protein and their potential uses and advantages for tissue engineering applications.
The document discusses various hematological manifestations that can occur in systemic diseases. It covers how diseases like chronic disorders, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, renal diseases, liver diseases, and infections can impact red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and coagulation. The hematological effects are often related to the stage and chronicity of the underlying disease, and can present as anemias, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, or coagulation disorders. Treatment may be aimed at the underlying disease or specific hematological abnormalities.
The document discusses various hematological manifestations that can occur in systemic diseases. It covers how diseases like chronic disorders, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, renal diseases, liver diseases, and infections can impact red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and coagulation. The hematological effects are often related to the stage and chronicity of the underlying disease, and can present as anemias, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, or coagulation disorders. Treatment may be aimed at the underlying disease or specific hematological abnormalities.
This document provides an overview of the cloning process and considerations for designing cloning experiments. It discusses four main steps: insert synthesis, restriction enzyme digestion, ligation, and transformation. Key aspects covered include gene and insert design using software like pDRAW32, choosing appropriate restriction sites and enzymes, primer design for insert synthesis, and vector and bacterial strain selection. The goal is to provide all the important information needed in one place to successfully clone a gene of interest.
This document provides an overview of the cloning process and considerations for designing cloning experiments. It discusses four main steps: insert synthesis, restriction enzyme digestion, ligation, and transformation. Key aspects covered include gene and insert design using software like pDRAW32, choosing appropriate restriction sites and enzymes, primer design for insert synthesis, and vector and bacterial strain selection. The goal is to provide all the important information needed in one place to successfully clone a gene of interest.
The document provides an overview of the cloning process and guidelines for designing cloning experiments. It discusses four main steps in cloning: insert synthesis, restriction enzyme digestion, ligation, and transformation. Key considerations for experimental design include choosing appropriate restriction sites and enzymes, designing the gene insert, and selecting a strategy to synthesize the insert using PCR or overlapping primers. Detailed instructions are provided for using software to design primers and check sequences to ensure in-frame cloning of the gene of interest.
This document provides an overview of the cloning process and considerations for designing cloning experiments. It discusses four main steps: insert synthesis, restriction enzyme digestion, ligation, and transformation. Key aspects covered include gene and insert design using software like pDRAW32, choosing appropriate restriction sites and enzymes, primer design for insert synthesis, and vector and bacterial strain selection. The goal is to provide all the important information needed in one place to successfully clone a gene of interest.
Polycythemia vera is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by increased red blood cell production which leads to thickened blood and risk of blood clots. Diagnosis is based on criteria including elevated red blood cell count and spleen enlargement. Treatment aims to reduce blood thickness and prevent clots through regular blood removal and medications to suppress bone marrow activity.
This document discusses hemopoiesis, the production of blood cells. It describes the stem cells and progenitor cells involved in blood cell production, including pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into any blood cell type. The stages of red blood cell and white blood cell development are outlined. Hemopoiesis is regulated by growth factors and cytokines that influence proliferation, differentiation and maturation of blood cells. The key cell types and signaling molecules involved in hemopoiesis are identified.
Naturally acquired plasmodium knowlesi malaria in human, thailand[1]Prasit Chanarat
1) A 38-year-old Thai man contracted Plasmodium knowlesi malaria after spending time in a forested area of southern Thailand near the Thai-Myanmar border.
2) Microscopic examination of blood smears showed malaria parasites consistent with P. malariae. However, PCR and sequencing of the small subunit rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome b genes confirmed the species as P. knowlesi.
3) This is the first reported case of naturally acquired P. knowlesi malaria in humans in Thailand, indicating that wild primate populations may serve as reservoirs for simian malaria parasites capable of infecting humans.
This document reports on six cases of haemolytic anemia that occurred during the course of typhoid fever. The incidence of haemolytic anemia in the reported typhoid cases was 4.6%. All six patients showed signs of anaemia and jaundice. Laboratory findings indicated increased bilirubin levels and urobilinogen in urine. The red blood cell fragility was increased in some cases. The effects of chloramphenicol and ACTH treatment are also discussed.
This document describes engineering a novel secretion signal (SS) that is capable of directing the secretion of recombinant proteins from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The researchers demonstrated secretion of fusion reporter proteins containing the SS in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and six different eukaryotic cell lines. They also showed estrogen-inducible secretion of fusion reporter proteins in six common eukaryotic cell lines. The SS allows flexible strategy for production and secretion of recombinant proteins in numerous hosts and rapid study of protein expression.
This document summarizes the expression of recombinant β-lactoglobulin (rBLG) in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In Escherichia coli, rBLG was expressed with a pET26 vector and was found predominantly in a denatured form, even when expressed in the periplasm. In eukaryotic cells like COS-7 and mouse tibialis muscle, rBLG was expressed in its native conformation. The authors quantified rBLG expression using immunoassays that distinguish between native and denatured rBLG. They found higher expression levels and native folding of rBLG in eukaryotic systems compared to prokaryotic expression
This poster presentation compares the potentials and limitations of various prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems for recombinant protein production. It summarizes data on typical maximum specific growth rates, specific product formation rates, product concentrations, and volumetric productivities for E. coli, P. pastoris, and CHO cell expression systems. The data provide a basis for understanding the biological limitations of protein synthesis and secretion in different host systems and identifying opportunities to optimize current expression systems.
This document describes a study comparing eukaryotic and prokaryotic recombinant Lutheran blood group protein for antibody identification. Recombinant Lutheran proteins were generated from both eukaryotic HEK293 cells and prokaryotic E. coli. Both recombinant proteins proved equally effective at identifying anti-Lub antibodies in patient samples. The recombinant proteins could potentially replace rare red blood cells in identifying antibodies against high-frequency antigens, allowing for more routine identification.
The document provides guidance on amplifying and purifying recombinant proteins. It discusses choosing a host system, vectors, and fusion tags for recombinant protein expression and purification. Common host systems include bacteria, yeast, insect and mammalian cells. Vectors can be for non-fusion or fusion proteins. Common fusion tags are GST and polyhistidine, each with advantages and disadvantages. The document then provides detailed protocols for purifying GST and polyhistidine fusion proteins using affinity chromatography.
This document summarizes recent applications of recombinant fusion proteins for tissue engineering. It discusses four main classes of recombinant fusion proteins: 1) Structure-based proteins like elastin-like polymers (ELPs) and silk-like polymers (SLPs) which can be designed to modulate mechanical properties and biodegradation. 2) Cell-bound growth factor fusion proteins which link growth factors like bFGF and EGF to promote cellular responses. 3) Hybrid systems combining recombinant proteins with synthetic polymers. 4) Cadherin-based fusion proteins which may be applicable for stem cell tissue engineering by facilitating cell-cell interactions. The document outlines examples of each type of fusion protein and their potential uses and advantages for tissue engineering applications.
The document discusses various hematological manifestations that can occur in systemic diseases. It covers how diseases like chronic disorders, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, renal diseases, liver diseases, and infections can impact red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and coagulation. The hematological effects are often related to the stage and chronicity of the underlying disease, and can present as anemias, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, or coagulation disorders. Treatment may be aimed at the underlying disease or specific hematological abnormalities.
The document discusses various hematological manifestations that can occur in systemic diseases. It covers how diseases like chronic disorders, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, renal diseases, liver diseases, and infections can impact red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and coagulation. The hematological effects are often related to the stage and chronicity of the underlying disease, and can present as anemias, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, or coagulation disorders. Treatment may be aimed at the underlying disease or specific hematological abnormalities.
This document provides an overview of the cloning process and considerations for designing cloning experiments. It discusses four main steps: insert synthesis, restriction enzyme digestion, ligation, and transformation. Key aspects covered include gene and insert design using software like pDRAW32, choosing appropriate restriction sites and enzymes, primer design for insert synthesis, and vector and bacterial strain selection. The goal is to provide all the important information needed in one place to successfully clone a gene of interest.
This document provides an overview of the cloning process and considerations for designing cloning experiments. It discusses four main steps: insert synthesis, restriction enzyme digestion, ligation, and transformation. Key aspects covered include gene and insert design using software like pDRAW32, choosing appropriate restriction sites and enzymes, primer design for insert synthesis, and vector and bacterial strain selection. The goal is to provide all the important information needed in one place to successfully clone a gene of interest.
The document provides an overview of the cloning process and guidelines for designing cloning experiments. It discusses four main steps in cloning: insert synthesis, restriction enzyme digestion, ligation, and transformation. Key considerations for experimental design include choosing appropriate restriction sites and enzymes, designing the gene insert, and selecting a strategy to synthesize the insert using PCR or overlapping primers. Detailed instructions are provided for using software to design primers and check sequences to ensure in-frame cloning of the gene of interest.
This document provides an overview of the cloning process and considerations for designing cloning experiments. It discusses four main steps: insert synthesis, restriction enzyme digestion, ligation, and transformation. Key aspects covered include gene and insert design using software like pDRAW32, choosing appropriate restriction sites and enzymes, primer design for insert synthesis, and vector and bacterial strain selection. The goal is to provide all the important information needed in one place to successfully clone a gene of interest.