This document discusses plastic pollution, including what plastic is, its history, types of plastic, plastic pollution sources and effects, and potential solutions. It notes that plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects in the environment that harms wildlife, habitats, and humans. Plastic does not degrade naturally and has led to high levels of plastic waste. The document outlines various case studies on plastic pollution in oceans, its financial damage to marine ecosystems, and increasing amounts of plastic litter in the Arctic deep sea. It also discusses examples of countries that have implemented policies to reduce plastic pollution.
During our October 27 webinar, we discussed what the newest research is revealing about the pervasiveness and dangers of microplastics, and highlighted ways to reduce your exposure to microplastics as well as how to support legislation and policy change to make an impact. The webinar was moderated by Abby Barrows, Marine Scientist, and panelists included: Prigi Arisandi, Executive Director, Ecoton; Dr. Charles Rolsky, Postdoctoral student, Biodesign Institute, ASU & Plastic Oceans International, Director of Science, North America; and Thara Bening Sandrina, Captain, River Warrior.
Microplastics are tiny plastic particles smaller than 5mm that enter waterways from sources like cosmetics containing microbeads and the breakdown of larger plastic debris. They accumulate in water and are mistaken for food by fish and other marine animals, causing starvation or health issues. Microplastics also release harmful chemicals when broken down by UV light and serve to transport invasive species and pollutants throughout ecosystems. Significant sources of microplastics include personal care products containing microbeads and the degradation of plastic bottles and containers. Reducing plastic use and improving recycling can help address the growing microplastic pollution problem in oceans.
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, soil, and noise pollution. It provides details on the causes and effects of each type. Air pollution can cause respiratory illnesses and global warming, while water pollution can introduce toxic chemicals into bodies of water and disrupt ecosystems. Soil pollution degrades land through chemicals and heavy metals, impacting vegetation and the food chain. Noise pollution is caused by industrial and transportation noises and can result in hearing loss, sleep issues, and hypertension.
Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5mm in size that originate from the breakdown of larger plastic debris or as manufactured microbeads. They are a persistent pollutant that enters waterways and oceans, where it is ingested by various aquatic species and makes its way up the food chain. Microplastics exposure poses risks to wildlife, ecosystems, and potentially human health through the absorption of toxic chemicals. While some regulations exist or are being implemented to ban microbeads in cosmetics, widespread microplastic pollution remains an urgent global environmental problem.
Plastic pollution is a major problem affecting the environment globally. Plastic is a synthetic material made from petroleum that does not degrade naturally over time. The overuse of plastics like plastic bags and bottles, as well as improper disposal methods, have led to large amounts of plastic accumulating in landfills and the environment. This plastic pollution harms wildlife and habitats by entanglement and ingestion, and pollutes water sources and air. Long term, plastic pollution disrupts food chains and ecosystems and poses health risks to both animals and humans.
Microplastics, small pieces of plastic, less than 5 mm (0.2 inches) in length, that occur in the environment as a consequence of plastic pollution. Microplastics are present in a variety of products, from cosmetics to synthetic clothing to plastic bags and bottles. Many of these products readily enter the environment in wastes.
Microplastics and marine litter clean coasts talkEllen Mac Mahon
Ellen MacMahon presented on microplastics in the marine environment. Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5mm that enter the oceans from sources like cosmetics, clothing, and degraded plastic litter. They are ingested by nearly all marine life and can transfer toxins up the food chain. The EPHEMARE project is studying microplastics' effects on organisms and role as vectors for pollutants. Addressing plastic pollution will require reducing single-use plastics through bans, taxes and deposit return schemes, as well as improving waste management and public awareness of plastic's impacts.
This document discusses plastic pollution, including what plastic is, its history, types of plastic, plastic pollution sources and effects, and potential solutions. It notes that plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects in the environment that harms wildlife, habitats, and humans. Plastic does not degrade naturally and has led to high levels of plastic waste. The document outlines various case studies on plastic pollution in oceans, its financial damage to marine ecosystems, and increasing amounts of plastic litter in the Arctic deep sea. It also discusses examples of countries that have implemented policies to reduce plastic pollution.
During our October 27 webinar, we discussed what the newest research is revealing about the pervasiveness and dangers of microplastics, and highlighted ways to reduce your exposure to microplastics as well as how to support legislation and policy change to make an impact. The webinar was moderated by Abby Barrows, Marine Scientist, and panelists included: Prigi Arisandi, Executive Director, Ecoton; Dr. Charles Rolsky, Postdoctoral student, Biodesign Institute, ASU & Plastic Oceans International, Director of Science, North America; and Thara Bening Sandrina, Captain, River Warrior.
Microplastics are tiny plastic particles smaller than 5mm that enter waterways from sources like cosmetics containing microbeads and the breakdown of larger plastic debris. They accumulate in water and are mistaken for food by fish and other marine animals, causing starvation or health issues. Microplastics also release harmful chemicals when broken down by UV light and serve to transport invasive species and pollutants throughout ecosystems. Significant sources of microplastics include personal care products containing microbeads and the degradation of plastic bottles and containers. Reducing plastic use and improving recycling can help address the growing microplastic pollution problem in oceans.
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, soil, and noise pollution. It provides details on the causes and effects of each type. Air pollution can cause respiratory illnesses and global warming, while water pollution can introduce toxic chemicals into bodies of water and disrupt ecosystems. Soil pollution degrades land through chemicals and heavy metals, impacting vegetation and the food chain. Noise pollution is caused by industrial and transportation noises and can result in hearing loss, sleep issues, and hypertension.
Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5mm in size that originate from the breakdown of larger plastic debris or as manufactured microbeads. They are a persistent pollutant that enters waterways and oceans, where it is ingested by various aquatic species and makes its way up the food chain. Microplastics exposure poses risks to wildlife, ecosystems, and potentially human health through the absorption of toxic chemicals. While some regulations exist or are being implemented to ban microbeads in cosmetics, widespread microplastic pollution remains an urgent global environmental problem.
Plastic pollution is a major problem affecting the environment globally. Plastic is a synthetic material made from petroleum that does not degrade naturally over time. The overuse of plastics like plastic bags and bottles, as well as improper disposal methods, have led to large amounts of plastic accumulating in landfills and the environment. This plastic pollution harms wildlife and habitats by entanglement and ingestion, and pollutes water sources and air. Long term, plastic pollution disrupts food chains and ecosystems and poses health risks to both animals and humans.
Microplastics, small pieces of plastic, less than 5 mm (0.2 inches) in length, that occur in the environment as a consequence of plastic pollution. Microplastics are present in a variety of products, from cosmetics to synthetic clothing to plastic bags and bottles. Many of these products readily enter the environment in wastes.
Microplastics and marine litter clean coasts talkEllen Mac Mahon
Ellen MacMahon presented on microplastics in the marine environment. Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5mm that enter the oceans from sources like cosmetics, clothing, and degraded plastic litter. They are ingested by nearly all marine life and can transfer toxins up the food chain. The EPHEMARE project is studying microplastics' effects on organisms and role as vectors for pollutants. Addressing plastic pollution will require reducing single-use plastics through bans, taxes and deposit return schemes, as well as improving waste management and public awareness of plastic's impacts.
Plastic has many disadvantages when used on a wide scale. Plastic bottles take an extremely long time to decompose in landfills and are difficult to recycle effectively. Most plastic is not recycled and ends up polluting the environment for centuries. This pollution threatens wildlife through ingestion and entanglement. Reducing plastic use and improving recycling and disposal methods is needed to mitigate these environmental and health impacts.
This document provides an overview of microplastic pollution and its potential threat to marine organisms and food webs. It discusses that microplastics originate from the breakdown of larger plastics and certain manufactured plastics. These microplastics have been found globally in marine habitats from surface waters to sediments. Due to their small size, microplastics can be ingested by various marine organisms, including filter feeders, and have the potential to biomagnify up food chains. Specifically, this document examines the potential for trophic transfer of microplastics between the blue mussel, common starfish, and edible crab in intertidal food webs.
Slides from the Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night presentation by Dr. Susanne Brander, researcher at Oregon State University considering the impacts of microplastic pollution on our environment.
Utkarsh Star Mitra Mandal (NGO) and the Ministry of Environment are collaborating on an environmental awareness campaign to distribute 1 crore cloth bags to citizens of Mumbai. The bags will be crafted by tribal communities in Maharashtra to provide them employment. Plastic bags are harmful as they release toxic chemicals into the soil and are often eaten by animals, killing over 100,000 each year. The campaign aims to educate people on alternatives to plastic bags like using eco-friendly bags and proper disposal of plastic waste to reduce pollution.
Plastic pollution is a major problem affecting the world's oceans. Plastic does not biodegrade and instead accumulates in massive garbage patches in the gyres of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. Marine life is severely impacted as animals often eat or get entangled in plastic debris. The plastic also releases toxins into the water and food chain which threatens both wildlife and humans. Reducing single-use plastic and improving recycling and policy efforts are key to addressing this growing environmental issue.
This document discusses e-waste, including its generation sources, composition, impacts, and management. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains toxic materials like lead, mercury, arsenic, that can harm human health and the environment if improperly disposed. It provides statistics on e-waste generation in India and discusses challenges in management. Solutions proposed include the E-Waste Rules to regulate producers' responsibilities and formalize collection, dismantling, and recycling activities to protect workers and the environment.
This presentation discusses various types of air pollution including smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer. It notes that air pollution comes from both outdoor sources like vehicle emissions and indoor sources like smoking. The health effects of air pollution can be both short-term and long-term. Prevention efforts focus on reducing waste and changing lifestyles to be more environmentally friendly.
Water pollution is a major problem as untreated industrial and domestic waste is discharged into water bodies. This causes water to become unfit for drinking and bathing. Pollution leads to a reduction in aquatic plants and animals due to habitat destruction. Methods to treat water include sedimentation to remove solids, filtration, and chlorination to kill microbes. Proper treatment of domestic and industrial waste is needed to prevent water pollution.
The document discusses several issues regarding plastic pollution in oceans:
- Tiny pieces of plastic can travel great distances and threaten ocean ecosystems as they do not easily degrade. Sea turtles often mistake plastic for food and ingesting just a dozen pieces can kill them. Over half of sea turtles and nearly all seabirds have consumed plastic.
- A floating device has successfully collected plastic from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch for the first time.
- A boat made entirely of recycled plastic and flip-flops raised awareness of plastic pollution along African coasts.
- An Oregon nonprofit collects garbage on beaches and transforms it into animal sculptures to highlight how trash endangers ocean species.
This document provides an overview of a student's research project on microplastics on beaches in North Devon, England. The student aims to study the relationship between microplastic concentrations and particle size along beach profiles. Background information discusses sources and pathways of microplastics. The methodology describes field work sampling microplastics from different areas of beaches and laboratory analysis of microplastic fibers and sediment particle sizes. Results show fiber types and average particle sizes from two beaches but no clear correlation. Discussion notes limitations and ideas for future work, and the summary concludes no significant correlation was found and more research is needed.
Today plastic disposal is the major problem faced by the world,so in order to curb that pollution, it is our responsibility to use less plastics and recycle it.
Plastic poses serious threats to the environment and human life. It pollutes oceans and beaches, kills animals that ingest it, and takes over 1000 years to decompose. The production of plastic involves toxic chemicals like benzene that can cause cancer. Recycling plastic is also hazardous due to toxic fumes. Individual actions like reducing single-use plastic bag use and recycling bags can help address this problem.
Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies from various sources such as factories, sewage treatment plants, agricultural and livestock farms, and urban settlements. Major causes of water pollution include improper disposal of sewage and industrial waste, oil spills, seepage from landfills, excess fertilizers and pesticides, and littering. Water pollution has wide-ranging negative impacts like endangering plant and animal species, causing eutrophication, contaminating food sources, and affecting human health. It also leads to significant economic losses for industries like fishing and tourism.
This document is a presentation on plastic pollution and management. It was presented by 7 students with their IDs listed. The presentation introduces plastics and their types/uses. It discusses how plastics are synthesized and composed. It outlines the impacts of plastic pollution such as on sea creatures, birds, and the environment. Statistics on plastic waste are provided. The disadvantages of plastics are explained. Measures to reduce plastic pollution and conclusions are presented.
The document discusses plastics, their history, types, and environmental impacts. It provides details on common plastic polymers, how plastics are made, and their uses in various industries. The summary discusses the negative effects of plastic pollution, how plastics do not degrade and release toxic chemicals when burned. It also notes that only a small percentage of plastics are recycled due to the labor intensive process.
Human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and pollution have significantly impacted the environment. Industrialization has increased CO2 levels through fossil fuel combustion and resource depletion. Population growth also contributes through increased fossil fuel and resource usage. This damages the environment through acid rain, loss of habitats, biodiversity decline, and ozone depletion. Pesticides like DDT have accumulated in ecosystems and endangered species through biological magnification. Water pollution from oil spills and other sources contaminates drinking water. The increasing greenhouse effect from rising CO2 levels is causing global warming and temperature increases.
Plastic has many disadvantages when used on a wide scale. Plastic bottles take an extremely long time to decompose in landfills and are difficult to recycle effectively. Most plastic is not recycled and ends up polluting the environment for centuries. This pollution threatens wildlife through ingestion and entanglement. Reducing plastic use and improving recycling and disposal methods is needed to mitigate these environmental and health impacts.
This document provides an overview of microplastic pollution and its potential threat to marine organisms and food webs. It discusses that microplastics originate from the breakdown of larger plastics and certain manufactured plastics. These microplastics have been found globally in marine habitats from surface waters to sediments. Due to their small size, microplastics can be ingested by various marine organisms, including filter feeders, and have the potential to biomagnify up food chains. Specifically, this document examines the potential for trophic transfer of microplastics between the blue mussel, common starfish, and edible crab in intertidal food webs.
Slides from the Deschutes Land Trust's Nature Night presentation by Dr. Susanne Brander, researcher at Oregon State University considering the impacts of microplastic pollution on our environment.
Utkarsh Star Mitra Mandal (NGO) and the Ministry of Environment are collaborating on an environmental awareness campaign to distribute 1 crore cloth bags to citizens of Mumbai. The bags will be crafted by tribal communities in Maharashtra to provide them employment. Plastic bags are harmful as they release toxic chemicals into the soil and are often eaten by animals, killing over 100,000 each year. The campaign aims to educate people on alternatives to plastic bags like using eco-friendly bags and proper disposal of plastic waste to reduce pollution.
Plastic pollution is a major problem affecting the world's oceans. Plastic does not biodegrade and instead accumulates in massive garbage patches in the gyres of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. Marine life is severely impacted as animals often eat or get entangled in plastic debris. The plastic also releases toxins into the water and food chain which threatens both wildlife and humans. Reducing single-use plastic and improving recycling and policy efforts are key to addressing this growing environmental issue.
This document discusses e-waste, including its generation sources, composition, impacts, and management. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains toxic materials like lead, mercury, arsenic, that can harm human health and the environment if improperly disposed. It provides statistics on e-waste generation in India and discusses challenges in management. Solutions proposed include the E-Waste Rules to regulate producers' responsibilities and formalize collection, dismantling, and recycling activities to protect workers and the environment.
This presentation discusses various types of air pollution including smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer. It notes that air pollution comes from both outdoor sources like vehicle emissions and indoor sources like smoking. The health effects of air pollution can be both short-term and long-term. Prevention efforts focus on reducing waste and changing lifestyles to be more environmentally friendly.
Water pollution is a major problem as untreated industrial and domestic waste is discharged into water bodies. This causes water to become unfit for drinking and bathing. Pollution leads to a reduction in aquatic plants and animals due to habitat destruction. Methods to treat water include sedimentation to remove solids, filtration, and chlorination to kill microbes. Proper treatment of domestic and industrial waste is needed to prevent water pollution.
The document discusses several issues regarding plastic pollution in oceans:
- Tiny pieces of plastic can travel great distances and threaten ocean ecosystems as they do not easily degrade. Sea turtles often mistake plastic for food and ingesting just a dozen pieces can kill them. Over half of sea turtles and nearly all seabirds have consumed plastic.
- A floating device has successfully collected plastic from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch for the first time.
- A boat made entirely of recycled plastic and flip-flops raised awareness of plastic pollution along African coasts.
- An Oregon nonprofit collects garbage on beaches and transforms it into animal sculptures to highlight how trash endangers ocean species.
This document provides an overview of a student's research project on microplastics on beaches in North Devon, England. The student aims to study the relationship between microplastic concentrations and particle size along beach profiles. Background information discusses sources and pathways of microplastics. The methodology describes field work sampling microplastics from different areas of beaches and laboratory analysis of microplastic fibers and sediment particle sizes. Results show fiber types and average particle sizes from two beaches but no clear correlation. Discussion notes limitations and ideas for future work, and the summary concludes no significant correlation was found and more research is needed.
Today plastic disposal is the major problem faced by the world,so in order to curb that pollution, it is our responsibility to use less plastics and recycle it.
Plastic poses serious threats to the environment and human life. It pollutes oceans and beaches, kills animals that ingest it, and takes over 1000 years to decompose. The production of plastic involves toxic chemicals like benzene that can cause cancer. Recycling plastic is also hazardous due to toxic fumes. Individual actions like reducing single-use plastic bag use and recycling bags can help address this problem.
Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies from various sources such as factories, sewage treatment plants, agricultural and livestock farms, and urban settlements. Major causes of water pollution include improper disposal of sewage and industrial waste, oil spills, seepage from landfills, excess fertilizers and pesticides, and littering. Water pollution has wide-ranging negative impacts like endangering plant and animal species, causing eutrophication, contaminating food sources, and affecting human health. It also leads to significant economic losses for industries like fishing and tourism.
This document is a presentation on plastic pollution and management. It was presented by 7 students with their IDs listed. The presentation introduces plastics and their types/uses. It discusses how plastics are synthesized and composed. It outlines the impacts of plastic pollution such as on sea creatures, birds, and the environment. Statistics on plastic waste are provided. The disadvantages of plastics are explained. Measures to reduce plastic pollution and conclusions are presented.
The document discusses plastics, their history, types, and environmental impacts. It provides details on common plastic polymers, how plastics are made, and their uses in various industries. The summary discusses the negative effects of plastic pollution, how plastics do not degrade and release toxic chemicals when burned. It also notes that only a small percentage of plastics are recycled due to the labor intensive process.
Human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and pollution have significantly impacted the environment. Industrialization has increased CO2 levels through fossil fuel combustion and resource depletion. Population growth also contributes through increased fossil fuel and resource usage. This damages the environment through acid rain, loss of habitats, biodiversity decline, and ozone depletion. Pesticides like DDT have accumulated in ecosystems and endangered species through biological magnification. Water pollution from oil spills and other sources contaminates drinking water. The increasing greenhouse effect from rising CO2 levels is causing global warming and temperature increases.
22. Robert Owen
1771-1858
1833年,Robert Owen
和 Benj Woolfield設計
的全國公平勞動交換券
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Owen
Owen 在 New Lanark的家
Owen 的墓塚
1825 年歐文新和諧新村
Owen New Harmony
新道德世界
New Moral World
1817 slogan:
Eight hours labour, Eight hours recreation, Eight hours rest.
23. 傅立葉的法蘭斯吉
Charles Fourier, Phalanstère
Charles Fourier
1772-1837
˙合作是創造社會和諧的方法。
˙擴大婦女的權利是社會進步的基
本原則。
˙貧窮是造成社會問題的原因。
˙建立社會新村。
https://richviewutopia.wordpress.com/2016/02/10/charles-fourier-aerial-view-of-a-phalanstery-c-1814/
The remains of the North American
Phalanx (Photo: Library of Congress) http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/what-does-a-failed-new-jersey-utopia-have-to-do-with-the-algonquin-round-table
https://libcom.org/history/omnigamy-fouriers-utopia-
christopher-prendergast
25. 威廉 金
William King
1786 –1865
"Knowledge and union are power.
Power, directed by knowledge is happiness. Happiness
is the end of creation."
https://www.snapdeal.com/product/dr-william-king-and-the/634049185300
合作人雜誌
1828-1830
知識與結社是力量。
力量,受知識指引是幸福。
幸福是創造的目的。
34. http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorials/pioneers/watt.html
A WATT engine of 1787, equipped with rotatory motion and
the engineer's patent governor. The boiler is on the extreme
left, supplying steam to the cylinder, whose piston raises
and lowers the beam which turns the big wheel.
http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/watto.htm
瓦特蒸汽機
45. March 18, 1834
Six farm laborers in Tolpuddle, Dorset,
England, are found guilty of taking an illegal
oath and forming a union.
https://todayinlaborhistory.wordpress.com/category/1830-1839/
http://www.economicshelp.org/blog/6309/economics/trade-union-density-in-the-uk/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_labor_issues_and_events
組工黨
政治活動
組工會
46. 羅伯 歐文
合作運動之父
Balloon Street, Manchester
威廉 金
消費合作之父
William King (1786 – 1865)
http://baike.sogou.com/v273469.htm;jsessionid=ADFD8382BC9FD1AAB3106B15B4A73A0C.n2
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Owen_Statue,_Balloon_Street,_Manchester.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_King_(physician)
查理 傅利葉
生產合作之父
Charles Fourier ( 1772—1837)
http://www.herodote.net/almanach-jour-1010.php
經濟活動
組合作社
60. http://jccu.coop/eng/aboutus/history.php
1948 Consumers' Livelihood Co-
operative Society Law
enacted.
2007 Revised Co-op Law
adopted, and enforced in
2008.
1951 Japanese Consumers' Co-
operative Union (JCCU)
established.
2008 Japan CO-OP Insurance
Consumers' Co-operative
Federation became
independent from JCCU.1960 JCCU launched the first
Co-op brand product, "Co-
op Butter."
1985 Number of co-op
members exceeded 10
million.
2010 Japanese Health and
Welfare Co-operative
Federation became
independent from JCCU.
1992 30th ICA General
Assembly held in Tokyo.
2011 "2020 Vision of Japanese
Co-ops" adopted.
1997 "The Ideal of Japanese Co-
operative Movement for
the 21st Century adopted.
2012 International Year of Co-
operatives launched.
History of consumer co-ops after World War II
Father of Japanese Co-operative Movement
yohiko Kagawa
In 1921, he established Kobe Consumer Co-operative and Nada Consumer Co-operative
87. The Alliance was founded in London, England on 19 August 1895 during the 1st Alliance Co-operative Congress. In
attendance were delegates from co-operatives from Argentina, Australia, Belgium, England, Denmark, France,
Germany, Holland, India, Italy, Switzerland, Serbia, and the USA. Representatives established the Alliance's aims to
provide information, define and defend the Co-operative Principles and develop international trade. The Alliance
was one of the only international organisations to survive both World War I and World War II. Overcoming all the
political differences between its members was extremely difficult, but the Alliance survived by staying committed to
peace, democracy, and by remaining politically neutral.
http://ica.coop/en/history-ica
1895年8月19日,於倫敦舉辦第一次合作社聯盟大會( Alliance Co-operative Congress)
時成立國際合作社聯盟。參與國有:阿根廷、澳大利亞、比利時、英國、丹麥、法
國、德國、荷蘭、印度、義大利、瑞士、塞爾維亞及美國。成立的目的為:提供資
訊、界定與保護合作社經營原則,以及發展國際貿易。
聯盟是歷經兩次世界大戰後唯一存活的國際組織。克服了社員間政治歧異,依然在
和平、民主、保持政治中立中存活下來。
88. Milestones in Alliance History
1895 - 8月19日於倫敦成立。
1896 - 確立政治中立。
1922 - 成立國際委員會,籌設國際合作銀行(International Co-operative Banking),即今日
的國際合作銀行協會( International Co-operative Banking Association, ICBA),成為聯盟中的
一個部門。
1922 - 聯盟成立國際保險委員會( International Insurance Committee), 1971年更名為國
際保險聯合社 (International Co-operative Insurance Federation)。目前全名為國際合作與相
互保險聯合社( International Co-operative and Mutual Insurance Federation, ICMIF),為聯盟中
的一個部門。
1923 - 慶祝第一屆合作社節。
http://ica.coop/en/history-ica
聯盟簡史
89. http://ica.coop/en/history-ica
1937 - 聯盟第一次檢審合作社經營原則。
1946 - 根據聯合國認定,聯盟為世界三大非政府組織之一。
1951 - 成立農業委員會(Agricultural Committee ),即為今天的國際農業合作組織 ( International
Co-operative Agricultural Organization, ICAO),為聯盟中的一個部門。
1952 - 成立住宅委員會,即今日的國際住宅合作社( Co-operative Housing International ),為聯
盟中的一個部門。
1966 - 聯盟第二次檢審合作社經營原則。
1966 - 在農業委員會之下設立漁業合作社。
1976 年更名為國際漁業合作社組織( International Co-operative Fisheries Organizations, ICFO).
1968 - 在印度新德里設立亞太區域辦公室( Regional Office )。
1976 - 在哥本哈根成立國際旅遊合作社協會 ( International Association of Tourism Co-operative,
TICA) ,視為工作團體。 1985 年成為聯盟中的一個部門,即TICA 。
97. 1925 Flag New International Co-operative Flag 2003 Emma Nolan, 11 March 2014
RED stands for courage
ORANGE offers the vision of possibilities
YELLOW represents the challenge that green has kindled
GREEN indicates a challenge to strive for membership growth
SKY BLUE suggests far horizons, the need to provide education and
help the less fortunate and unity with all peoples of the world
DARK BLUE represents the less fortunate who can learn to help
themselves through co-operation
VIOLET represents warmth, beauty, and friendship
國際合作旗
100. The 2020 Vision
The 2020 Vision, embedded within the Blueprint
strategy, aims for the co-operative form of
business – by 2020 – to become:
•The acknowledged leader in economic, social, and
environmental sustainability
•The model preferred by people
•The fastest growing form of enterprise
•在經濟、社會及環境永續力方面成為公認的領導者。
•人們偏愛的經營模式。
•成長最快速的企業。
101. 1. 鼓勵社員參與,同時讓合作社的治理達到新水準。
2 合作事業定位在:永續力的建構者。
3. 建立合作事業資訊網,確保合作社認同。
4. 確立合作社成長的支持性立法架構。
5. 在保證社員管控下,確保合作社取得可運用的資金.
五大策略
1. Elevate participation within membership and governance to a new level.
2. Position co-operatives as builders of sustainability.
3. Build the co-operative message and secure the co-operative identity.
4. Ensure supportive legal frameworks for co-operative growth.
5. Secure reliable co-operative capital while guaranteeing member control.
102. United Nations A/56/73–E/2001/68
General Assembly Economic and Social Council
Distr.: General 14 May 2001
Guidelines aimed at
creating a supportive environment
for the development of cooperatives
http://www.un.org/documents/ecosoc/docs/2001/e2001-68.pdf
《為合作事業創造支持性環境指引》
如今聯合國希望各國政府
為合作事業創造支持性發展環境