SlideShare a Scribd company logo
蒸发冷却在空调箱中的节能应用
蒋志伟
全国销售经理 - 暖通项目和代理商
This document and all its contents are for Carel internal use only and strictly CONFIDENTIAL
All unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution of this document or the information contained in it,
by anyone other than Carel employees is severely forbidden
索引
1. 水的自然蒸发冷却
2. 水雾化器
3. 直接蒸发冷却&间接蒸发冷却
4. 直接蒸发冷却&间接蒸发冷却产生的节能
水的自然蒸发冷却(1/2)
• 当水与空气接触时会自然蒸发
• 蒸发过程需要能量:潜热
• 蒸发潜热 690 W/(L/h)
• 能量来自于空气,空气被加湿和冷却(蒸发冷却)
水的自然蒸发冷却(2/2)
• 蒸发速率(L / h)与水和空气的接触面积成正
比
• 接触面积越大,蒸发作用越明显。因此,从空
气中吸收的,蒸发冷却的热量为:
– 1 L/h  0.69 kW 的冷量
– 100 L/h  69 kW 的冷量
– 等等
水的雾化
• 雾化成非常小的液滴(5-50 µm)
• 液滴越小,接触面积越大,蒸发作用越强,蒸
发冷却越明显
• 液滴越小越好!
• 输入功率0.5-10 W/(L/h) 能产生700 W/(L/h) 的
制冷量
AHU /管道里的蒸发(1/2)
• 微小的水滴随气流一起运动,不会掉落
• 蒸发需要时间,因此在下游的设备(线圈,鼓
风机等)之前,一些液滴可能不会完全蒸发
• 蒸发效率 η = 蒸发水分/喷雾量= 50%-95%
取决于型号和工况
°C before g/kg before m³/h m/s µm
         
η          
关键:
 = the characteristic increases特性增加
 = the characteristic decreases特性减少
AHU /管道里的蒸发(2/2)
• 未蒸发的水滴必须被水滴分离器挡住,以防弄
湿下游设备
• 需要水滴分离器(30~70Pa)和集水盘
水的利用效率
WUE: Water-Usage Effectiveness
• WUE = 蒸发掉的水 / 总水
• WUE = (蒸发掉的水 w. / 喷雾量 w.) x (喷雾量 w. / 总供水w.)
• 用纯水系统的WUE : 10% to 48%
• 用软化水的WUE: 48% to 95%
水处理 供水总供水
排水
DEC: 直接蒸发冷却(1/2)
风管里的蒸发:冷却+加湿
DEC: 直接蒸发冷却(2/2)
节能,减少总的耗水量
为了产生1kWh的冷量,一个冷水机组需要:
EERSI = 3 kW冷量/kW电
[e] = 0.3 kWh电
(= 1 / 3)
中国电厂消耗水量综合值: 40.2 L/kWh电
冷水机组产生1 kWh冷量 需要: [a] = 13.4 L 的总供水
(= 1/3 x 40.2)
如果DEC产生 1 kWh冷量,蒸发掉的水是:
蒸发1 L水 0.69 kWh冷量
1.4 L
(= 1 / 0.69)
供给喷雾系统的水量是:
水雾化器的WUE 等于80%
[b] = 1.8 L
(= 1.4 / 0.80)
DEC系统的输入能量@ 10 W/(L/h) [c] = 18 Wh
(= 1.8 x 10)
节省输入能量[e-c] 0.315 kWh电/kWh冷量
总的水消耗量节省DEC [a-b] 11.6 L/kWh冷量
IEC: 间接蒸发冷却(1/3)
• 在排气方向热交换器前蒸发(交叉流换热器或者转
轮):下方1+3
• 只有显热被交换到进风
• 为了避免加湿(例如适合热带气候)
• 可以用干热交换器或湿排气通道
IEC + 干 热交换器(2/3)
节能+ 总耗水量可能会减少
为了产生1kWh的冷量,一个冷水机组需要:
EERSI = 3 kW冷量/kW电
[e] = 0.3 kWh电
(= 1 / 3)
澳大利亚发电厂消耗水量综合值: 40.2 L/kWh电
冷水机组产生1 kWh冷量 需要: [a] = 13.4 L of 总供水
(= 1/3 x 40.2)
热交换器效率: 75% 75%
如果IEC对室外空气进行1 kWh冷却,排气的冷却为:
且在排气端蒸发的水是:
蒸发1 L水 0.69 kWh冷量
1.3 kWhcooling
(= 1 / 0.75)
1.9 L
(= 1.3 / 0.69)
供给喷雾系统的水量是:
水雾化器的WUE 等于80%
[c] = 2.4 L
(= 1.9 / 0.80)
IEC所用输入能量 @ 10 W/(L/h) [d] = 24 Wh (= 2.4 x 10)
输入电能节省了[e-d] 0.309 kWh电/kWh冷量
用 IEC总供水量节省了[a-c] 11.0 L/kWhcooling
IEC +湿热交换器 (3/3)
节能+整体耗水量可能会减少
为了产生1kWh的冷量,一个冷水机组需要:
EERSI = 3 kW冷量/kW电
[e] = 0.3 kWh电
(= 1 / 3)
澳大利亚发电厂消耗水量综合值: 40.2 L/kWh电
冷水机组产生1 k:Wh冷量 需要: [a] = 13.4 L 总供水(=
1/3 x 40.2)
热交换器的效率 115% 115%
如果IEC对室外空气进行1 kWh的冷却,排气的冷却为:
且在排气端蒸发的水是:
蒸发1 L水 0.69 kWh冷量:
0.87 kWh冷量
(= 1 / 1.15)
1.3 L
(= 0.87 / 0.69)
供水给喷水系统的供水量是:
水雾化器的WUE 等于80%
[c] = 1.6 L
(= 1.3 / 0.80)
IEC所用输入能量 @ 10 W/(L/h) [d] = 16 Wh (= 1.6 x 10)
输入电能节省了[e-d] 0.317 kWh电/kWh冷量
用 IEC总供水量节省了[a-c] 11.8 L/kWh冷量
DEC + IEC
• DEC 可以产生需求的冷量或达到设定的湿度值
• IEC 可根据需求产生更多冷量
• 节省用水:综合
节能评估
75%
室外新风 16 °C 59 %rh
到 设定点 22 °C 50 %rh
回风 25 °C 42 %rh
• 2个生产车间:1000和2000人
• 50000 m³/h ,内部热量为200千瓦;功率为166000m³/h ,功率为500千瓦
• AHU: 24/7,调节室外空气自由冷却20%-100%,EER = 3
• 盈亏平衡点的价格
• 水: 3.5 CNY/m³ - 电: 1.069 CNY/kWh
• 安装费: 45% 的造价(人工+材料)
• 每年的维护:55%的工程总价(人工+材料+备件+税费)
盈亏平衡点; 投资; 每年净节省
1000 员工
(50000 m³/h, 200 kW 产生的热
能)
2000 员工
(166000 m³/h, 500 kW 产生的热
能)
仅 DEC 2.5 yrs
113100 CNY; 44887 CNY
0.6 yrs
133400 CNY; 223195 CNY
DEC + HE 无 IEC 3.0 yrs
126150 CNY; 41381 CNY
0.8 yrs
163850 CNY; 211692 CNY
DEC + 干 HE + IEC 3.7 yrs
143550 CNY; 39149 CNY
2.0 yrs
327700 CNY; 163123 CNY
DEC + 湿 HE + IEC 2.8 yrs
163850 CNY; 58839 CNY
0.7 yrs
213150 CNY; 310896 CNY
• HE = 热交换器; “干”: IEC 不弄湿排气管道; “湿”: IEC弄湿排气管道
• 投资 = 造价 +安装费
• 每年净节省= 冷水机组节省的电能 –消耗的水 –维护费用
节省的电能
盈亏平衡点(BEP)
DEC/IEC 原理? (1/6)
• DEC: 与蒸汽加湿系统比能耗更低4-10 W/(kg/h)
vs. 700 W/(kg/h)!
• HE: 减少冷热盘管的负荷
• IEC +干热交换器: 在除湿和显热冷却时,更多
的减少冷却盘管的负荷
• IEC + 湿热交换器 :在除湿和显热冷却时,更多
的减少冷却盘管的负荷
• 下一页解释了热交换器和IEC的作用
DEC/IEC 原理? (2/6)
室外空气被HE冷却到
接近露点,减少冷却
盘管的除湿工作
室外空气被HE冷却到
接近, SUP’s 焓值在
DEC系统里进行加湿
室外空气被HE加热到
SUP’s焓值,在DEC里进行
加湿
DEC/IEC 原理? (3/6)
开始: 西安的户外温度(ASHRAE)
Make-up air = 户外空气
导入新风时,冷却盘管减少对户外
空气的除湿SUP
DEC/HE+IEC原理? (4/6)
仅HE,无IEC
Make-up air =
室外空气仅用HE处理
导入新风时,冷却盘管减少对
户外空气的除湿SUP
DEC/HE+IEC原理? (5/6)
IEC+干 HE
Make-up air =
室外空气经过 干 HE +
IEC处理
导入新风时,冷却盘管减少对户
外空气的除湿SUP
DEC/HE+IEC原理? (6/6)
IEC+HE
Make-up air =
室外空气
经过湿换热器+IEC处理
导入新风时,冷却盘管更多的减少对
户外空气的除湿SUP
DEC/IEC: 节省的水和CO2 @ 1000 persons
• DEC/IEC 用水,但是节省了电能
• 这样可以减少发电厂的排水量和产生的二氧化碳
节省电能
[kWh/yr]
DEC/IEC
[m³/yr]
发电厂排水
[m³/yr]
节省水
[m³/yr]
减少CO2排放
[ton CO2 eq./yr]
DEC only 82232 34 -3334 -3300 -57
DEC + HE no IEC 83727 78 -3457 -3379 -56
DEC + dry HE + IEC 90485 894 -3736 -2842 -61
DEC + wet HE + IEC 119417 1905 -4798 -2893 -78
关键:
• 40.2 L per kWh电
• 680e-6 吨 CO2 eq. per kWh电
DEC/IEC:节省的水和CO2 @ 2000 persons
• DEC/IEC 用水,但是节省了电能
• 这样可以减少发电厂的排水量和产生的二氧化碳
节省电能
[kWh/yr]
DEC/IEC
[m³/yr]
发电厂排水
[m³/yr]
节省水
[m³/yr]
减少CO2排放
[ton CO2 eq./yr]
仅DEC 256781 201 -10316 -10115 -175
DEC + HE 无 IEC 257470 398 -10344 -9946 -175
DEC + 干 HE + IEC 278870 3054 -11204 -8150 -190
DEC + 湿 HE + IEC 379563 4002 -15249 -11247 -258
关键:
• 40.2 L 每kWh电
• 680e-6 吨 CO2 eq. 每 kWh电
DEC/IEC 蒸发冷却技术结论
• 水蒸发产生的制冷量 690 W冷量/(L/h)
• 减少电力消耗,因为减少了冷却盘管(冷水机)
的负荷
• 适合中国: 是的
• BEPs取决于安装和位置,可能不到3年
• 可能会减少发电厂的排水量和整体用水量
• 减少电站的CO2 排放
蒸发冷却在空调箱中的节能应用

More Related Content

More from CAREL Industries S.p.A

Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for commercial and professional refrigera...
Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for commercial and professional refrigera...Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for commercial and professional refrigera...
Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for commercial and professional refrigera...
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Which is the best solution for commercial and professional plug-in cabinets?
Which is the best solution for commercial and professional plug-in cabinets?Which is the best solution for commercial and professional plug-in cabinets?
Which is the best solution for commercial and professional plug-in cabinets?
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
How indoor air quality and relative humidity control affect your life: fighti...
How indoor air quality and relative humidity control affect your life: fighti...How indoor air quality and relative humidity control affect your life: fighti...
How indoor air quality and relative humidity control affect your life: fighti...
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
High Efficiency Solutions for process cooling
High Efficiency Solutions for process coolingHigh Efficiency Solutions for process cooling
High Efficiency Solutions for process cooling
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Efficiency and reliability for supermarket retrofit
Efficiency and reliability for supermarket retrofit Efficiency and reliability for supermarket retrofit
Efficiency and reliability for supermarket retrofit
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Sistemi di umidificazione adiabatica secondo normativa VDI6022; aspetti tecno...
Sistemi di umidificazione adiabatica secondo normativa VDI6022; aspetti tecno...Sistemi di umidificazione adiabatica secondo normativa VDI6022; aspetti tecno...
Sistemi di umidificazione adiabatica secondo normativa VDI6022; aspetti tecno...
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Gestione integrata di impianti meccanici HVAC: esempi pratici per garantire i...
Gestione integrata di impianti meccanici HVAC: esempi pratici per garantire i...Gestione integrata di impianti meccanici HVAC: esempi pratici per garantire i...
Gestione integrata di impianti meccanici HVAC: esempi pratici per garantire i...
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBoosterIncreasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for Refrigeration Food Service
Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for Refrigeration Food ServicePlug-in cabinets solutions overview for Refrigeration Food Service
Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for Refrigeration Food Service
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
R290 solutions for plug-in units, case studies and experience (in Korean)
R290 solutions for plug-in units, case studies and experience (in Korean)R290 solutions for plug-in units, case studies and experience (in Korean)
R290 solutions for plug-in units, case studies and experience (in Korean)
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
How to increase energy efficiency in professional and catering applications
How to increase energy efficiency in professional and catering applicationsHow to increase energy efficiency in professional and catering applications
How to increase energy efficiency in professional and catering applications
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
CAREL solutions for propane retail applications
CAREL solutions for propane retail applicationsCAREL solutions for propane retail applications
CAREL solutions for propane retail applications
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBoosterIncreasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
CO2 solutions for commercial refrigeration and case studies (in Chinese)
CO2 solutions for commercial refrigeration and case studies (in Chinese)CO2 solutions for commercial refrigeration and case studies (in Chinese)
CO2 solutions for commercial refrigeration and case studies (in Chinese)
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Ammonia solutions for the Indian market
Ammonia solutions for the Indian marketAmmonia solutions for the Indian market
Ammonia solutions for the Indian market
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Portuguese)
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Portuguese)Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Portuguese)
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Portuguese)
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Spanish)
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Spanish)Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Spanish)
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Spanish)
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Humidification is Health: why is it worth and how should we humidify healthca...
Humidification is Health: why is it worth and how should we humidify healthca...Humidification is Health: why is it worth and how should we humidify healthca...
Humidification is Health: why is it worth and how should we humidify healthca...
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
Air Handling Units: a matter of Health, Comfort and Efficiency
Air Handling Units: a matter of Health, Comfort and EfficiencyAir Handling Units: a matter of Health, Comfort and Efficiency
Air Handling Units: a matter of Health, Comfort and Efficiency
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 
System & connectivity approach in commercial refrigeration: usability & perfo...
System & connectivity approach in commercial refrigeration: usability & perfo...System & connectivity approach in commercial refrigeration: usability & perfo...
System & connectivity approach in commercial refrigeration: usability & perfo...
CAREL Industries S.p.A
 

More from CAREL Industries S.p.A (20)

Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for commercial and professional refrigera...
Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for commercial and professional refrigera...Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for commercial and professional refrigera...
Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for commercial and professional refrigera...
 
Which is the best solution for commercial and professional plug-in cabinets?
Which is the best solution for commercial and professional plug-in cabinets?Which is the best solution for commercial and professional plug-in cabinets?
Which is the best solution for commercial and professional plug-in cabinets?
 
How indoor air quality and relative humidity control affect your life: fighti...
How indoor air quality and relative humidity control affect your life: fighti...How indoor air quality and relative humidity control affect your life: fighti...
How indoor air quality and relative humidity control affect your life: fighti...
 
High Efficiency Solutions for process cooling
High Efficiency Solutions for process coolingHigh Efficiency Solutions for process cooling
High Efficiency Solutions for process cooling
 
Efficiency and reliability for supermarket retrofit
Efficiency and reliability for supermarket retrofit Efficiency and reliability for supermarket retrofit
Efficiency and reliability for supermarket retrofit
 
Sistemi di umidificazione adiabatica secondo normativa VDI6022; aspetti tecno...
Sistemi di umidificazione adiabatica secondo normativa VDI6022; aspetti tecno...Sistemi di umidificazione adiabatica secondo normativa VDI6022; aspetti tecno...
Sistemi di umidificazione adiabatica secondo normativa VDI6022; aspetti tecno...
 
Gestione integrata di impianti meccanici HVAC: esempi pratici per garantire i...
Gestione integrata di impianti meccanici HVAC: esempi pratici per garantire i...Gestione integrata di impianti meccanici HVAC: esempi pratici per garantire i...
Gestione integrata di impianti meccanici HVAC: esempi pratici per garantire i...
 
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBoosterIncreasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
 
Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for Refrigeration Food Service
Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for Refrigeration Food ServicePlug-in cabinets solutions overview for Refrigeration Food Service
Plug-in cabinets solutions overview for Refrigeration Food Service
 
R290 solutions for plug-in units, case studies and experience (in Korean)
R290 solutions for plug-in units, case studies and experience (in Korean)R290 solutions for plug-in units, case studies and experience (in Korean)
R290 solutions for plug-in units, case studies and experience (in Korean)
 
How to increase energy efficiency in professional and catering applications
How to increase energy efficiency in professional and catering applicationsHow to increase energy efficiency in professional and catering applications
How to increase energy efficiency in professional and catering applications
 
CAREL solutions for propane retail applications
CAREL solutions for propane retail applicationsCAREL solutions for propane retail applications
CAREL solutions for propane retail applications
 
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBoosterIncreasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
Increasing CO2 gas cooler efficiency and safety with CAREL's chillBooster
 
CO2 solutions for commercial refrigeration and case studies (in Chinese)
CO2 solutions for commercial refrigeration and case studies (in Chinese)CO2 solutions for commercial refrigeration and case studies (in Chinese)
CO2 solutions for commercial refrigeration and case studies (in Chinese)
 
Ammonia solutions for the Indian market
Ammonia solutions for the Indian marketAmmonia solutions for the Indian market
Ammonia solutions for the Indian market
 
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Portuguese)
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Portuguese)Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Portuguese)
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Portuguese)
 
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Spanish)
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Spanish)Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Spanish)
Transcritical CO2 - controller solution - Made in Ecuador Rack (in Spanish)
 
Humidification is Health: why is it worth and how should we humidify healthca...
Humidification is Health: why is it worth and how should we humidify healthca...Humidification is Health: why is it worth and how should we humidify healthca...
Humidification is Health: why is it worth and how should we humidify healthca...
 
Air Handling Units: a matter of Health, Comfort and Efficiency
Air Handling Units: a matter of Health, Comfort and EfficiencyAir Handling Units: a matter of Health, Comfort and Efficiency
Air Handling Units: a matter of Health, Comfort and Efficiency
 
System & connectivity approach in commercial refrigeration: usability & perfo...
System & connectivity approach in commercial refrigeration: usability & perfo...System & connectivity approach in commercial refrigeration: usability & perfo...
System & connectivity approach in commercial refrigeration: usability & perfo...
 

蒸发冷却在空调箱中的节能应用

  • 1. 蒸发冷却在空调箱中的节能应用 蒋志伟 全国销售经理 - 暖通项目和代理商 This document and all its contents are for Carel internal use only and strictly CONFIDENTIAL All unauthorized use, reproduction or distribution of this document or the information contained in it, by anyone other than Carel employees is severely forbidden
  • 2. 索引 1. 水的自然蒸发冷却 2. 水雾化器 3. 直接蒸发冷却&间接蒸发冷却 4. 直接蒸发冷却&间接蒸发冷却产生的节能
  • 3. 水的自然蒸发冷却(1/2) • 当水与空气接触时会自然蒸发 • 蒸发过程需要能量:潜热 • 蒸发潜热 690 W/(L/h) • 能量来自于空气,空气被加湿和冷却(蒸发冷却)
  • 4. 水的自然蒸发冷却(2/2) • 蒸发速率(L / h)与水和空气的接触面积成正 比 • 接触面积越大,蒸发作用越明显。因此,从空 气中吸收的,蒸发冷却的热量为: – 1 L/h  0.69 kW 的冷量 – 100 L/h  69 kW 的冷量 – 等等
  • 5. 水的雾化 • 雾化成非常小的液滴(5-50 µm) • 液滴越小,接触面积越大,蒸发作用越强,蒸 发冷却越明显 • 液滴越小越好! • 输入功率0.5-10 W/(L/h) 能产生700 W/(L/h) 的 制冷量
  • 6. AHU /管道里的蒸发(1/2) • 微小的水滴随气流一起运动,不会掉落 • 蒸发需要时间,因此在下游的设备(线圈,鼓 风机等)之前,一些液滴可能不会完全蒸发 • 蒸发效率 η = 蒸发水分/喷雾量= 50%-95% 取决于型号和工况 °C before g/kg before m³/h m/s µm           η           关键:  = the characteristic increases特性增加  = the characteristic decreases特性减少
  • 8. 水的利用效率 WUE: Water-Usage Effectiveness • WUE = 蒸发掉的水 / 总水 • WUE = (蒸发掉的水 w. / 喷雾量 w.) x (喷雾量 w. / 总供水w.) • 用纯水系统的WUE : 10% to 48% • 用软化水的WUE: 48% to 95% 水处理 供水总供水 排水
  • 10. DEC: 直接蒸发冷却(2/2) 节能,减少总的耗水量 为了产生1kWh的冷量,一个冷水机组需要: EERSI = 3 kW冷量/kW电 [e] = 0.3 kWh电 (= 1 / 3) 中国电厂消耗水量综合值: 40.2 L/kWh电 冷水机组产生1 kWh冷量 需要: [a] = 13.4 L 的总供水 (= 1/3 x 40.2) 如果DEC产生 1 kWh冷量,蒸发掉的水是: 蒸发1 L水 0.69 kWh冷量 1.4 L (= 1 / 0.69) 供给喷雾系统的水量是: 水雾化器的WUE 等于80% [b] = 1.8 L (= 1.4 / 0.80) DEC系统的输入能量@ 10 W/(L/h) [c] = 18 Wh (= 1.8 x 10) 节省输入能量[e-c] 0.315 kWh电/kWh冷量 总的水消耗量节省DEC [a-b] 11.6 L/kWh冷量
  • 11. IEC: 间接蒸发冷却(1/3) • 在排气方向热交换器前蒸发(交叉流换热器或者转 轮):下方1+3 • 只有显热被交换到进风 • 为了避免加湿(例如适合热带气候) • 可以用干热交换器或湿排气通道
  • 12. IEC + 干 热交换器(2/3) 节能+ 总耗水量可能会减少 为了产生1kWh的冷量,一个冷水机组需要: EERSI = 3 kW冷量/kW电 [e] = 0.3 kWh电 (= 1 / 3) 澳大利亚发电厂消耗水量综合值: 40.2 L/kWh电 冷水机组产生1 kWh冷量 需要: [a] = 13.4 L of 总供水 (= 1/3 x 40.2) 热交换器效率: 75% 75% 如果IEC对室外空气进行1 kWh冷却,排气的冷却为: 且在排气端蒸发的水是: 蒸发1 L水 0.69 kWh冷量 1.3 kWhcooling (= 1 / 0.75) 1.9 L (= 1.3 / 0.69) 供给喷雾系统的水量是: 水雾化器的WUE 等于80% [c] = 2.4 L (= 1.9 / 0.80) IEC所用输入能量 @ 10 W/(L/h) [d] = 24 Wh (= 2.4 x 10) 输入电能节省了[e-d] 0.309 kWh电/kWh冷量 用 IEC总供水量节省了[a-c] 11.0 L/kWhcooling
  • 13. IEC +湿热交换器 (3/3) 节能+整体耗水量可能会减少 为了产生1kWh的冷量,一个冷水机组需要: EERSI = 3 kW冷量/kW电 [e] = 0.3 kWh电 (= 1 / 3) 澳大利亚发电厂消耗水量综合值: 40.2 L/kWh电 冷水机组产生1 k:Wh冷量 需要: [a] = 13.4 L 总供水(= 1/3 x 40.2) 热交换器的效率 115% 115% 如果IEC对室外空气进行1 kWh的冷却,排气的冷却为: 且在排气端蒸发的水是: 蒸发1 L水 0.69 kWh冷量: 0.87 kWh冷量 (= 1 / 1.15) 1.3 L (= 0.87 / 0.69) 供水给喷水系统的供水量是: 水雾化器的WUE 等于80% [c] = 1.6 L (= 1.3 / 0.80) IEC所用输入能量 @ 10 W/(L/h) [d] = 16 Wh (= 1.6 x 10) 输入电能节省了[e-d] 0.317 kWh电/kWh冷量 用 IEC总供水量节省了[a-c] 11.8 L/kWh冷量
  • 14. DEC + IEC • DEC 可以产生需求的冷量或达到设定的湿度值 • IEC 可根据需求产生更多冷量 • 节省用水:综合
  • 15. 节能评估 75% 室外新风 16 °C 59 %rh 到 设定点 22 °C 50 %rh 回风 25 °C 42 %rh • 2个生产车间:1000和2000人 • 50000 m³/h ,内部热量为200千瓦;功率为166000m³/h ,功率为500千瓦 • AHU: 24/7,调节室外空气自由冷却20%-100%,EER = 3 • 盈亏平衡点的价格 • 水: 3.5 CNY/m³ - 电: 1.069 CNY/kWh • 安装费: 45% 的造价(人工+材料) • 每年的维护:55%的工程总价(人工+材料+备件+税费)
  • 16. 盈亏平衡点; 投资; 每年净节省 1000 员工 (50000 m³/h, 200 kW 产生的热 能) 2000 员工 (166000 m³/h, 500 kW 产生的热 能) 仅 DEC 2.5 yrs 113100 CNY; 44887 CNY 0.6 yrs 133400 CNY; 223195 CNY DEC + HE 无 IEC 3.0 yrs 126150 CNY; 41381 CNY 0.8 yrs 163850 CNY; 211692 CNY DEC + 干 HE + IEC 3.7 yrs 143550 CNY; 39149 CNY 2.0 yrs 327700 CNY; 163123 CNY DEC + 湿 HE + IEC 2.8 yrs 163850 CNY; 58839 CNY 0.7 yrs 213150 CNY; 310896 CNY • HE = 热交换器; “干”: IEC 不弄湿排气管道; “湿”: IEC弄湿排气管道 • 投资 = 造价 +安装费 • 每年净节省= 冷水机组节省的电能 –消耗的水 –维护费用
  • 18. DEC/IEC 原理? (1/6) • DEC: 与蒸汽加湿系统比能耗更低4-10 W/(kg/h) vs. 700 W/(kg/h)! • HE: 减少冷热盘管的负荷 • IEC +干热交换器: 在除湿和显热冷却时,更多 的减少冷却盘管的负荷 • IEC + 湿热交换器 :在除湿和显热冷却时,更多 的减少冷却盘管的负荷 • 下一页解释了热交换器和IEC的作用
  • 19. DEC/IEC 原理? (2/6) 室外空气被HE冷却到 接近露点,减少冷却 盘管的除湿工作 室外空气被HE冷却到 接近, SUP’s 焓值在 DEC系统里进行加湿 室外空气被HE加热到 SUP’s焓值,在DEC里进行 加湿
  • 20. DEC/IEC 原理? (3/6) 开始: 西安的户外温度(ASHRAE) Make-up air = 户外空气 导入新风时,冷却盘管减少对户外 空气的除湿SUP
  • 21. DEC/HE+IEC原理? (4/6) 仅HE,无IEC Make-up air = 室外空气仅用HE处理 导入新风时,冷却盘管减少对 户外空气的除湿SUP
  • 22. DEC/HE+IEC原理? (5/6) IEC+干 HE Make-up air = 室外空气经过 干 HE + IEC处理 导入新风时,冷却盘管减少对户 外空气的除湿SUP
  • 23. DEC/HE+IEC原理? (6/6) IEC+HE Make-up air = 室外空气 经过湿换热器+IEC处理 导入新风时,冷却盘管更多的减少对 户外空气的除湿SUP
  • 24. DEC/IEC: 节省的水和CO2 @ 1000 persons • DEC/IEC 用水,但是节省了电能 • 这样可以减少发电厂的排水量和产生的二氧化碳 节省电能 [kWh/yr] DEC/IEC [m³/yr] 发电厂排水 [m³/yr] 节省水 [m³/yr] 减少CO2排放 [ton CO2 eq./yr] DEC only 82232 34 -3334 -3300 -57 DEC + HE no IEC 83727 78 -3457 -3379 -56 DEC + dry HE + IEC 90485 894 -3736 -2842 -61 DEC + wet HE + IEC 119417 1905 -4798 -2893 -78 关键: • 40.2 L per kWh电 • 680e-6 吨 CO2 eq. per kWh电
  • 25. DEC/IEC:节省的水和CO2 @ 2000 persons • DEC/IEC 用水,但是节省了电能 • 这样可以减少发电厂的排水量和产生的二氧化碳 节省电能 [kWh/yr] DEC/IEC [m³/yr] 发电厂排水 [m³/yr] 节省水 [m³/yr] 减少CO2排放 [ton CO2 eq./yr] 仅DEC 256781 201 -10316 -10115 -175 DEC + HE 无 IEC 257470 398 -10344 -9946 -175 DEC + 干 HE + IEC 278870 3054 -11204 -8150 -190 DEC + 湿 HE + IEC 379563 4002 -15249 -11247 -258 关键: • 40.2 L 每kWh电 • 680e-6 吨 CO2 eq. 每 kWh电
  • 26. DEC/IEC 蒸发冷却技术结论 • 水蒸发产生的制冷量 690 W冷量/(L/h) • 减少电力消耗,因为减少了冷却盘管(冷水机) 的负荷 • 适合中国: 是的 • BEPs取决于安装和位置,可能不到3年 • 可能会减少发电厂的排水量和整体用水量 • 减少电站的CO2 排放

Editor's Notes

  1. Latent energy of vaporization of water @ 10 °C: approx. 2,478 kJ/kg 1 kg = 1 litre (1 L) If 1 L evaporates in 1 hour = 3,600 s, then the latent heat of vaporization is equal to 2,478 / 3,600 = 688 W, approximated to 690 W
  2. Based on mean water-withdrawal values reported in [2]: coal requires 59.3 L/kWhelectric , gas 12.3, nuclear 77.3, hydropower 0, oil 69.1, wind 0, biomass 27.5, geothermal 2.9 and solar 1.7. Combining these values with the percentages in [3] as of 2013, the weighted mean water withdrawal in China is approx. 40.2 L/kWhelectric: coal is used to generate 63% of the electrical energy, gas 4%, nuclear 1%, hydropower 22%, oil 2%, wind 6%, biomass0.5%, geothermal 0.5% and rooftop solar 1%  0.63 x 59.3 + 0.04 x 12.3 + 0.01 x 77.3 + 0.22 x 0 + 0.02 x 69.1 + 0.06 x 0 + 0.005 x 27.5 + 0.005 x 2.9 + 0.01 x 1.7  40.2 L/kWhelectric [2] Union of Concerned Scientists. 2012. UCS EW3 Energy-Water Database V.1.3. www.ucsusa.org/ew3database [3] http://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=CHN CO2 generated by the power plant ([4]) [kg CO2 eq./kWhelectrical] Coal 0.993 Natural gas 0.756 Nuclear 0.066 Hydropower 0.015 Oil 0.893 Wind 0.021 Biomass 0.131 Geothermal 0.054 Solar 0.040 Weighted mean 0.680 (using the same % above) [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_electricity_generation
  3. Based on mean water-withdrawal values reported in [2]: coal requires 59.3 L/kWhelectric , gas 12.3, nuclear 77.3, hydropower 0, oil 69.1, wind 0, biomass 27.5, geothermal 2.9 and solar 1.7. Combining these values with the percentages in [3] as of 2013, the weighted mean water withdrawal in China is approx. 40.2 L/kWhelectric: coal is used to generate 63% of the electrical energy, gas 4%, nuclear 1%, hydropower 22%, oil 2%, wind 6%, biomass0.5%, geothermal 0.5% and rooftop solar 1%  0.63 x 59.3 + 0.04 x 12.3 + 0.01 x 77.3 + 0.22 x 0 + 0.02 x 69.1 + 0.06 x 0 + 0.005 x 27.5 + 0.005 x 2.9 + 0.01 x 1.7  40.2 L/kWhelectric [2] Union of Concerned Scientists. 2012. UCS EW3 Energy-Water Database V.1.3. www.ucsusa.org/ew3database [3] http://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=CHN CO2 generated by the power plant ([4]) [kg CO2 eq./kWhelectrical] Coal 0.993 Natural gas 0.756 Nuclear 0.066 Hydropower 0.015 Oil 0.893 Wind 0.021 Biomass 0.131 Geothermal 0.054 Solar 0.040 Weighted mean 0.680 (using the same % above) [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_electricity_generation
  4. Based on mean water-withdrawal values reported in [2]: coal requires 59.3 L/kWhelectric , gas 12.3, nuclear 77.3, hydropower 0, oil 69.1, wind 0, biomass 27.5, geothermal 2.9 and solar 1.7. Combining these values with the percentages in [3] as of 2013, the weighted mean water withdrawal in China is approx. 40.2 L/kWhelectric: coal is used to generate 63% of the electrical energy, gas 4%, nuclear 1%, hydropower 22%, oil 2%, wind 6%, biomass0.5%, geothermal 0.5% and rooftop solar 1%  0.63 x 59.3 + 0.04 x 12.3 + 0.01 x 77.3 + 0.22 x 0 + 0.02 x 69.1 + 0.06 x 0 + 0.005 x 27.5 + 0.005 x 2.9 + 0.01 x 1.7  40.2 L/kWhelectric [2] Union of Concerned Scientists. 2012. UCS EW3 Energy-Water Database V.1.3. www.ucsusa.org/ew3database [3] http://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=CHN CO2 generated by the power plant ([4]) [kg CO2 eq./kWhelectrical] Coal 0.993 Natural gas 0.756 Nuclear 0.066 Hydropower 0.015 Oil 0.893 Wind 0.021 Biomass 0.131 Geothermal 0.054 Solar 0.040 Weighted mean 0.680 (using the same % above) [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_electricity_generation
  5. 27