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Name, Title, Department
Date
Genome Insight . Inside Genome
靠寫程式來翻轉醫療
從⼈類基因體⼤數據開始
亞⼤基因 蘇中才博⼠
2017/04/14
Title TextGuess What?
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
提⽰⼀:每個⼈通常每天都需要它
提⽰⼆:每個家裡必備
提⽰三:但通常不想靠它太近
Title Text未來⽣活 - ⾺桶
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.ithome.com.tw/news/106444
Title TextAbout Me
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
學歷
1990-1993 台南⼀中
1993-1994 ⼒⾏補習班
1994-1998 台灣師範⼤學 資訊教育系 學⼠
1998-2000 台灣⼤學 資訊⼯程所 碩⼠
2000-2007 台灣⼤學 資訊⼯程所 博⼠
經歷
2000-2005 民友科技 ⼯程師
2007-2008 台灣⼤學 博⼠後研究員
2008-2015 趨勢科技 資深經理
2015-now 亞⼤基因 科學⾧/共同創辦⼈
Title TextAgenda
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
• 基因體 (Genome) 簡介
• 是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?
• 精準醫療 (Precision Medicine)
• 次世代定序 (Next Generation Sequencing)
• 資料科學 (Data Science)
• ⼤數據 (Big Data)
• ⼈類基因體⼤數據解密
• 總結
http://i2.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/newsfeed/000/653/558/88e.jpg
Title Text基因檢測 (Genetic Testing)
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.fashiongonerogue.com/angelina-jolie-movies-style-photos/2/
• 美國女影星安潔莉娜‧裘莉的母親在56歲時死於乳
腺癌,外祖母和一個姨母也因為癌症奪走了生命。
• 39歲的安潔莉娜‧裘莉接受了醫生的「癌症基因檢
測」,2013年安潔莉娜‧裘莉進行了乳房切除手
術,2015年又決定進行卵巢和輸卵管摘除手術。
• 因為檢測發現裘莉患乳腺癌的風險高達87%,患卵
巢癌的風險為50%。
基因體簡介
Title Text遺傳密碼 - 去氧核醣核酸 (DNA)
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.coianiz.org/Portals/0/immagini/DNA/grandi/struttura_DNA_1.jpg
Title Text基因體 (Genome) 101
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
https://gcps.desire2learn.com/d2l/lor/viewer/viewFile.d2lfile/6605/4821/chromosomes.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome
是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?
Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎? – 可愛的嬰兒
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%87%BA-%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92-%E8%B3%A3%E8%90%8C-%E7%82%BA%E6%B1%82%E7%94%9F-094233833.html
Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 基因伴侶
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
• 基因配對理論源於免疫系統中⼀種名為⼈類⽩⾎球抗原HLA的基因它負責識
別外來細胞,同時也決定⾝體發出的獨特氣味。科學家只需從已建⽴的HLA
基因庫中進⾏搜索便能幫助情侶們找到最適合⾃⼰的另⼀半。這種測試的市
價為99美元
• 神經⽣物學博⼠布朗稱1995年進⾏的汗味T恤衫實驗就是⼀個佐證實驗中,研
究⼈員讓⼥性調查對象聞同齡男性的T恤衫併為他們的體味打分,結果顯⽰⼥
性喜歡的體味來⾃那些與她們的免疫系統不同的男性;反之亦然,由此推斷
你和伴侶的基因差異越⼤相互包容的可能性越⾼
• 歐美交友網站稱以GenePartner基因公司推出的基因相親服務能夠幫痴男怨⼥
們找到最速配的另⼀半,不僅如此,甚⾄可以杜絕許多遺傳病,產⽣更健康
更聰明的下⼀代
• ⼀些專家對這種基因配對⽅式表⽰質疑,⼈與⼈之間相互吸引配對是無⽐複
雜的事情取決於⼤量因素其中包括基因、環境、⽂化、⼼理等等。⼈們如果
想通過DNA分析找到靈魂伴侶那純粹是在浪費時間和⾦錢
http://www.wikitw.club/article-2142291-1.html
Title Text
http://news.sina.com.tw/books/history/barticle/12645.html
http://www.ettoday.net/news/20140809/387803.htm
是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 種族淨化
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- ⼈種差異
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%87%BA-%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92-%E8%B3%A3%E8%90%8C-%E7%82%BA%E6%B1%82%E7%94%9F-094233833.html
Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- ⼈種差異
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v526/n7571/full/nature15393.html
Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 性別 (Gender)
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20160526/870840/
Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 性別 (Gender)
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%A5%A7%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%9A%E6%A7%8D%E6%89%8B%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA-
%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%83%E6%87%B2%E7%BD%B0%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80-042447665.html
Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 性別 (Gender)
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://kairos.news/66247
Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 性別 (Gender)
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://kairos.news/66269
Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎? – 性別 (Gender)
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.nature.com/news/sex-redefined-1.16943
Title Text同志的⽐例到底有多少?
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
• 最常聽到「10%」的結論,是在1940年代由昆蟲學家轉職性學權威的金賽博士
(Alfred Kinsey)調查的結果。
• 1994年,全美調查結果顯示有 2.8%的男性與 1.4%的女性認為自己是同性戀者 。
但到了2010年,另一項調查則顯示男女同性戀者各佔 8%及 7%。
• 為什麼同志比例在16年內增加了這麼多?
*其中一個可能的原因是社會的氛圍比過去更接受同志族群,同志就較能自在
地承認自己的性向。
*要定義「同性戀」也不容易,因為性別除了生理上的男/女之外,性別自我認
同、喜歡什麼性別、會和哪個性別發生性行為、會展現出哪種性別……等等的
行為或者心理上的指標,受訪者未必瞭解這些屬性,也影響了研究人員對
「同性戀」的界定還有問卷的設計。
*金賽博士注意到這問題,所以當年制定至今仍被使用的「金賽量表」。
http://pansci.asia/archives/79078
Title Text⾦賽量表 (Kinsey Scale)
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%B3%BD%E9%87%8F%E8%A1%A8
• 美國性學專家阿爾弗雷德‧金賽(Alfred
Charles Kinsey)博士制定的一個尺度,嘗試
用0至6代表人的性取向定位。它在1948年金
賽博士的《男性的性行為》(Sexual Behavior
in the Human Male)一書中首次發表。
• 金賽認為男人並不是只有「同性戀」和「異性
戀」兩種,每個人都有一定的同性戀/雙性戀
傾向,分別只取決於程度。
• 20至35歲的白人男性中,有11.6%在這個年齡
階段時性取向為3。
等級 形容
0 完全異性戀
1 主要為異性戀,只偶有同性情慾
2 主要為異性戀,能⾏同性性⾏為
3 異性戀與同性戀傾向相同
4 主要為同性戀,能⾏異性性⾏為
5 主要為同性戀,只偶有異性情慾
6 完全同性戀
X 無性戀
Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 性向基因
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80%E6%98%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84
-%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E6%8E%A8%E7%BF%BB-060040591.html
⼩遊戲
Title Text步驟說明
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
1. 每個⼈先拿到如右圖的⼀張紙
ATCGATCGAA
ATCGATCGAA
A
G
2. 在兩條序列中任意挑選⼀個字元並修改成其它任字元
3. 沿著中線虛線對折並撕開成上下兩半
4. 任意挑選⼀半摺成你認為最酷的紙⾶機*
Title Text紙⾶機摺法推薦
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
http://clickme.net/23163
Title Text步驟說明
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
1. 每個⼈先拿到如右圖的⼀張紙
ATCGATCGAA
ATCGATCGAA
A
G
2. 在兩條序列中任意挑選⼀個字元並修改成其它任字元
3. 沿著中線虛線對折並撕開成上下兩半
4. 任意挑選⼀半摺成你認為最酷的紙⾶機*
5. 準備好,⼤家⼀起唱 “Let it go ~~~” 就往空中射出去
Title Text⼝訣 – Let it go ~~~
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.frozengamesfree.com/wallpapers/Beautiful%20Elsa.jpg
Title Text步驟說明
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
1. 每個⼈先拿到如右圖的⼀張紙
ATCGATCGAA
ATCGATCGAA
A
G
2. 在兩條序列中任意挑選⼀個字元並修改成其它任字元
3. 沿著中線虛線對折並撕開成上下兩半
4. 任意挑選⼀半摺成你認為最酷的紙⾶機*
5. 準備好,⼤家⼀起唱 “Let it go ~~~” 就往空中射出去
6. 撿回⼀台離你最近的紙⾶機
7. 打開它,並跟你留下來的那⼀半⽐對⼀下序列
Title Text統計⼀下
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
1. 變異點位置分佈
位置 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
序列 A T C G A T C G A A
變異次數 2 6 7 11 6 6 10 10 9 13
2. 兩條序列變異點位置
位置 相同 不同
次數 3 37
3. 兩條序列是否⼀樣
位置 相同 不同
次數 1 39
Title Text遺傳模型
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.treat-nmd.eu/sma/about/autosomal-recessive/
精準醫療
Precision Medicine
Title Text古時候 - 不精準醫療
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.senwanture.com/religion/images/W020080103412857498390.jpg
• 傳說神農⽒的樣貌很奇特,⾝材瘦削,⾝體除四
肢和腦袋外,都是透明的,因此內臟清晰可⾒
(⽔晶肚)。
• 神農⽒嘗盡百草,只要藥草是有毒的,服下後他
的內臟就會呈現⿊⾊,因此什麼藥草對於⼈體哪
⼀個部位有影響就可以輕易地知道了。
• 神農⽒有⼀條紅⾊神鞭,名為赭鞭,⽤來鞭打各
類花草,可令到花草的藥、毒、寒、熱等特性顯
露出來。
• 後來,由於神農⽒服太多種毒藥,積毒太深,最
後因為斷腸草(有⼈說是百⾜蟲)⽽⾝亡。神農⽒
Title Text古時候 - 精準醫療
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
• 華佗⼀⽣⾏醫濟世,精通內科、外科、婦科、兒科、
針灸等。特點是⽤藥少,只⽤幾味藥⽽已;針灸也只
是針⼀兩處。下針前對病⼈說:「當引某許,若⾄,
語⼈」(針感會到某個部位,若你感覺到了就告訴
我),病⼈說:「已到」,便拔針,不久病便會好。
• 如針藥都不能醫治,就給病⼈⽤酒服⿇沸散,飲後有
如⿇醉,然後施⼿術,再縫合傷⼝,擦下藥膏,四、
五⽇後創愈,⼀⽉就已平復。但⿇沸散與外科⼿法已
經失傳。
• 華佗是醫史上公認第⼀位使⽤⿇醉藥來⿇醉病⼈,然
後進⾏外科⼿術的醫師。
華陀
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BD%97
Title Text不精準醫療 - 美國
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.shobserver.com/news/detail?id=16608
Title Text不精準醫療 - 美國
http://www.nature.com/news/personalized-medicine-time-for-one-person-trials-1.17411
(高膽固醇)(關節炎)
(精神分裂症) (胃灼熱)
(憂鬱症) (氣喘) (牛皮癬)
(孔羅氏症)
(多發性硬化症) (嗜中性白血球低下)
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/PersonalizedMedicine/UCM372421.pdf
Title Text精準醫療 - 美國
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/post/Read.aspx?PostID=11220
Title Text精準醫療 - 台灣
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.twbiobank.org.tw/new_web/index.php
Title Text精準醫療 - ⼈⼯智慧
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://www.inside.com.tw/2016/08/05/ai-ibm-watson-japan-medical
次世代定序
Next Generation Sequencing
Title TextCost per Genome
https://www.genome.gov/images/content/costpergenome2015_4.jpg
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
debuted
Illumina HiSeq X10
debuted
Human Genome Project (HGP)
Completed
Precision Medicine Initiative
announced
Title TextIllumina Product
http://www.illumina.com/content/dam/illumina-marketing/documents/products/brochures/brochure_sequencing_systems_portfolio.pdf
Title TextThe First $1,000 Genome
http://systems.illumina.com/systems/hiseq-x-sequencing-system.html
Title TextExpectation of Data Processing
Power for illumina HiSeq X Ten
• A cluster of 10 HiSeq X instruments
• Capable of sequencing up to 18,000 whole human genomes each year
• Has a run cycle of ~3 days and produces ~150 genomes each run cycle
• Running the industry standard BWA+GATK analysis pipeline to perform this
analysis on a reasonably high-end (Dual Intel Xeon E5-2697v2 CPU – 12 core,
2.7 GHz with 96 GB DRAM) compute server takes ~24 hours per genome.
• To achieve the required throughput of 150 genomes every three days, at least
50 of these servers are required.
• Should meet a target of ~28 minutes for the completion of the mapping, aligning,
sorting, de-duplication and variant calling of each genome.
Title Text次世代定序 (NGS) 101
https://www.broadinstitute.org/gatk/img/cartoon-blackbox-workflow-web-blackblue.png
Wet Lab Dry Lab
Title TextSequencing Error
Dr. Watson
Discoverer of the structure of DNA in 1953
< 0.1%
~ 1 %
Chimp
Most closest species to human
Sequencing Error = ~1%
Dr. Su
Cofounder of Atgenomix in 2015
~ 0.1%
資料科學
Data Science
Title TextData Science
https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/p/5/005/06d/041/02978e8.jpg
Title TextData Scientist
https://hbr.org/2012/10/data-scientist-the-sexiest-job-of-the-21st-century/
http://www.marketingdistillery.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/mds_f.png
http://buzzorange.com/techorange/2012/10/05/data-scientists-the-definition-of-sexy/
Title Text資料科學三要素
http://drewconway.com/zia/2013/3/26/the-data-science-venn-diagram
Title Text次世代基因檢測三要素
Clinic
Data
Science
翻轉
醫療
⼤數據
Big Data
Title Text4V
Velocity
Volume
Variety
Veracity
MB GB TB PB
batch
periodic
near Real-Time
Real-Time
Title TextScale-Up vs. Scale-Out
Horizontal Scaling
(More Nodes)
VerticalScaling
(BiggerNodes)
More expensive server
(Big Memory, Many CPU cores)
Many commodity nodes
Title TextHadoop – HDFS, Spark, YARN
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/hadoop/hadoop_introduction.htm
Title TextMap/Reduce
http://railscarma.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/graphics1.gif
Title TextAn Example of Word Count
http://7xjbdi.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/word-count-as-mapreduce.png
Title TextBerkeley Data Analytics Stack (BDAS)
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://ampcamp.berkeley.edu/5/exercises/
⼈類基因體⼤數據解密
Hacking Human Genome
Title TextGuess What?
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
⽬前醫學知識對基因體了解程度約:
(A) 98.5%
(B) 75%
(C) 50%
(D) 25%
(E) 1.5%
Title TextGraph Genome
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://www.sevenbridges.com/graph/
https://vimeo.com/184983995
總結
Title TextParadigm Shift
https://www.slideshare.net/TWilckens/inn-ventis-precision-medicine2014
Title TextMy Logical Thinking
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
Precision Medicine Human Genome Next Generation
Sequencing
Big Data Technology
Title Text$100 Genome
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.bio-itworld.com/2017/1/9/illumina-launches-novoseq-sequencers-aiming-replace-1900-sequencers.aspx
Title Text資⼯系⼤學部課程推薦
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
課程銜接流程圖
資工系大學部課程銜接流程圖
計算機概論 程式設計一
程式設計二
離散數學
線性代數機率與統計
微積分
計算機結構演算法
資料結構
自動機理論
資料庫理論
物件導向分析
與設計
程式語言結構
其它數理必選
修
資訊安全
軟體工程
數位邏輯作業系統
系統程式 組合語言
微處理機
電子學
資料探勘
人工智慧
影像處理
計算機圖學
無線通訊
資料通訊
區域性網路
計算機網路
自動機理論系統程式
機率與統計
微積分
程式設計一
程式設計二
資料結構
演算法
資訊工程必修
http://w1.csie.ntnu.edu.tw/admiss/super_pages.php?ID=admiss4&Sn=33
以台灣師範⼤學資⼯系為例
Title TextNext-Generation Biology
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.2002050
http://wp.sanger.ac.uk/barrettgroup/files/2012/08/expLab.jpg
Title Text科普講座推薦
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjHRQEKHSao
Title Text
http://www.currencyfundgroup.com/2015/03/07/scientists-are-developing-ways-to-edit-the-dna-of-tomorrows-children/
Back to The Beginning
Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
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靠寫程式來翻轉醫療-從人類基因體大數據開始

  • 1. Name, Title, Department Date Genome Insight . Inside Genome 靠寫程式來翻轉醫療 從⼈類基因體⼤數據開始 亞⼤基因 蘇中才博⼠ 2017/04/14
  • 2. Title TextGuess What? Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. 提⽰⼀:每個⼈通常每天都需要它 提⽰⼆:每個家裡必備 提⽰三:但通常不想靠它太近
  • 3. Title Text未來⽣活 - ⾺桶 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.ithome.com.tw/news/106444
  • 4. Title TextAbout Me Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. 學歷 1990-1993 台南⼀中 1993-1994 ⼒⾏補習班 1994-1998 台灣師範⼤學 資訊教育系 學⼠ 1998-2000 台灣⼤學 資訊⼯程所 碩⼠ 2000-2007 台灣⼤學 資訊⼯程所 博⼠ 經歷 2000-2005 民友科技 ⼯程師 2007-2008 台灣⼤學 博⼠後研究員 2008-2015 趨勢科技 資深經理 2015-now 亞⼤基因 科學⾧/共同創辦⼈
  • 5. Title TextAgenda Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. • 基因體 (Genome) 簡介 • 是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎? • 精準醫療 (Precision Medicine) • 次世代定序 (Next Generation Sequencing) • 資料科學 (Data Science) • ⼤數據 (Big Data) • ⼈類基因體⼤數據解密 • 總結 http://i2.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/newsfeed/000/653/558/88e.jpg
  • 6. Title Text基因檢測 (Genetic Testing) Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.fashiongonerogue.com/angelina-jolie-movies-style-photos/2/ • 美國女影星安潔莉娜‧裘莉的母親在56歲時死於乳 腺癌,外祖母和一個姨母也因為癌症奪走了生命。 • 39歲的安潔莉娜‧裘莉接受了醫生的「癌症基因檢 測」,2013年安潔莉娜‧裘莉進行了乳房切除手 術,2015年又決定進行卵巢和輸卵管摘除手術。 • 因為檢測發現裘莉患乳腺癌的風險高達87%,患卵 巢癌的風險為50%。
  • 8. Title Text遺傳密碼 - 去氧核醣核酸 (DNA) Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.coianiz.org/Portals/0/immagini/DNA/grandi/struttura_DNA_1.jpg
  • 9. Title Text基因體 (Genome) 101 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. https://gcps.desire2learn.com/d2l/lor/viewer/viewFile.d2lfile/6605/4821/chromosomes.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome
  • 11. Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎? – 可愛的嬰兒 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%87%BA-%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92-%E8%B3%A3%E8%90%8C-%E7%82%BA%E6%B1%82%E7%94%9F-094233833.html
  • 12. Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 基因伴侶 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. • 基因配對理論源於免疫系統中⼀種名為⼈類⽩⾎球抗原HLA的基因它負責識 別外來細胞,同時也決定⾝體發出的獨特氣味。科學家只需從已建⽴的HLA 基因庫中進⾏搜索便能幫助情侶們找到最適合⾃⼰的另⼀半。這種測試的市 價為99美元 • 神經⽣物學博⼠布朗稱1995年進⾏的汗味T恤衫實驗就是⼀個佐證實驗中,研 究⼈員讓⼥性調查對象聞同齡男性的T恤衫併為他們的體味打分,結果顯⽰⼥ 性喜歡的體味來⾃那些與她們的免疫系統不同的男性;反之亦然,由此推斷 你和伴侶的基因差異越⼤相互包容的可能性越⾼ • 歐美交友網站稱以GenePartner基因公司推出的基因相親服務能夠幫痴男怨⼥ 們找到最速配的另⼀半,不僅如此,甚⾄可以杜絕許多遺傳病,產⽣更健康 更聰明的下⼀代 • ⼀些專家對這種基因配對⽅式表⽰質疑,⼈與⼈之間相互吸引配對是無⽐複 雜的事情取決於⼤量因素其中包括基因、環境、⽂化、⼼理等等。⼈們如果 想通過DNA分析找到靈魂伴侶那純粹是在浪費時間和⾦錢 http://www.wikitw.club/article-2142291-1.html
  • 13. Title Text http://news.sina.com.tw/books/history/barticle/12645.html http://www.ettoday.net/news/20140809/387803.htm 是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 種族淨化 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.
  • 14. Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- ⼈種差異 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%87%BA-%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92-%E8%B3%A3%E8%90%8C-%E7%82%BA%E6%B1%82%E7%94%9F-094233833.html
  • 15. Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- ⼈種差異 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v526/n7571/full/nature15393.html
  • 16. Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 性別 (Gender) Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20160526/870840/
  • 17. Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 性別 (Gender) Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%A5%A7%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%9A%E6%A7%8D%E6%89%8B%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA- %E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%83%E6%87%B2%E7%BD%B0%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80-042447665.html
  • 18. Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 性別 (Gender) Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://kairos.news/66247
  • 19. Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 性別 (Gender) Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://kairos.news/66269
  • 20. Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎? – 性別 (Gender) Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.nature.com/news/sex-redefined-1.16943
  • 21. Title Text同志的⽐例到底有多少? Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. • 最常聽到「10%」的結論,是在1940年代由昆蟲學家轉職性學權威的金賽博士 (Alfred Kinsey)調查的結果。 • 1994年,全美調查結果顯示有 2.8%的男性與 1.4%的女性認為自己是同性戀者 。 但到了2010年,另一項調查則顯示男女同性戀者各佔 8%及 7%。 • 為什麼同志比例在16年內增加了這麼多? *其中一個可能的原因是社會的氛圍比過去更接受同志族群,同志就較能自在 地承認自己的性向。 *要定義「同性戀」也不容易,因為性別除了生理上的男/女之外,性別自我認 同、喜歡什麼性別、會和哪個性別發生性行為、會展現出哪種性別……等等的 行為或者心理上的指標,受訪者未必瞭解這些屬性,也影響了研究人員對 「同性戀」的界定還有問卷的設計。 *金賽博士注意到這問題,所以當年制定至今仍被使用的「金賽量表」。 http://pansci.asia/archives/79078
  • 22. Title Text⾦賽量表 (Kinsey Scale) Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%B3%BD%E9%87%8F%E8%A1%A8 • 美國性學專家阿爾弗雷德‧金賽(Alfred Charles Kinsey)博士制定的一個尺度,嘗試 用0至6代表人的性取向定位。它在1948年金 賽博士的《男性的性行為》(Sexual Behavior in the Human Male)一書中首次發表。 • 金賽認為男人並不是只有「同性戀」和「異性 戀」兩種,每個人都有一定的同性戀/雙性戀 傾向,分別只取決於程度。 • 20至35歲的白人男性中,有11.6%在這個年齡 階段時性取向為3。 等級 形容 0 完全異性戀 1 主要為異性戀,只偶有同性情慾 2 主要為異性戀,能⾏同性性⾏為 3 異性戀與同性戀傾向相同 4 主要為同性戀,能⾏異性性⾏為 5 主要為同性戀,只偶有異性情慾 6 完全同性戀 X 無性戀
  • 23. Title Text是 DNA 在搞⿁嗎?- 性向基因 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80%E6%98%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84 -%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E6%8E%A8%E7%BF%BB-060040591.html
  • 25. Title Text步驟說明 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. 1. 每個⼈先拿到如右圖的⼀張紙 ATCGATCGAA ATCGATCGAA A G 2. 在兩條序列中任意挑選⼀個字元並修改成其它任字元 3. 沿著中線虛線對折並撕開成上下兩半 4. 任意挑選⼀半摺成你認為最酷的紙⾶機*
  • 26. Title Text紙⾶機摺法推薦 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. http://clickme.net/23163
  • 27. Title Text步驟說明 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. 1. 每個⼈先拿到如右圖的⼀張紙 ATCGATCGAA ATCGATCGAA A G 2. 在兩條序列中任意挑選⼀個字元並修改成其它任字元 3. 沿著中線虛線對折並撕開成上下兩半 4. 任意挑選⼀半摺成你認為最酷的紙⾶機* 5. 準備好,⼤家⼀起唱 “Let it go ~~~” 就往空中射出去
  • 28. Title Text⼝訣 – Let it go ~~~ Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.frozengamesfree.com/wallpapers/Beautiful%20Elsa.jpg
  • 29. Title Text步驟說明 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. 1. 每個⼈先拿到如右圖的⼀張紙 ATCGATCGAA ATCGATCGAA A G 2. 在兩條序列中任意挑選⼀個字元並修改成其它任字元 3. 沿著中線虛線對折並撕開成上下兩半 4. 任意挑選⼀半摺成你認為最酷的紙⾶機* 5. 準備好,⼤家⼀起唱 “Let it go ~~~” 就往空中射出去 6. 撿回⼀台離你最近的紙⾶機 7. 打開它,並跟你留下來的那⼀半⽐對⼀下序列
  • 30. Title Text統計⼀下 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. 1. 變異點位置分佈 位置 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 序列 A T C G A T C G A A 變異次數 2 6 7 11 6 6 10 10 9 13 2. 兩條序列變異點位置 位置 相同 不同 次數 3 37 3. 兩條序列是否⼀樣 位置 相同 不同 次數 1 39
  • 31. Title Text遺傳模型 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.treat-nmd.eu/sma/about/autosomal-recessive/
  • 33. Title Text古時候 - 不精準醫療 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.senwanture.com/religion/images/W020080103412857498390.jpg • 傳說神農⽒的樣貌很奇特,⾝材瘦削,⾝體除四 肢和腦袋外,都是透明的,因此內臟清晰可⾒ (⽔晶肚)。 • 神農⽒嘗盡百草,只要藥草是有毒的,服下後他 的內臟就會呈現⿊⾊,因此什麼藥草對於⼈體哪 ⼀個部位有影響就可以輕易地知道了。 • 神農⽒有⼀條紅⾊神鞭,名為赭鞭,⽤來鞭打各 類花草,可令到花草的藥、毒、寒、熱等特性顯 露出來。 • 後來,由於神農⽒服太多種毒藥,積毒太深,最 後因為斷腸草(有⼈說是百⾜蟲)⽽⾝亡。神農⽒
  • 34. Title Text古時候 - 精準醫療 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. • 華佗⼀⽣⾏醫濟世,精通內科、外科、婦科、兒科、 針灸等。特點是⽤藥少,只⽤幾味藥⽽已;針灸也只 是針⼀兩處。下針前對病⼈說:「當引某許,若⾄, 語⼈」(針感會到某個部位,若你感覺到了就告訴 我),病⼈說:「已到」,便拔針,不久病便會好。 • 如針藥都不能醫治,就給病⼈⽤酒服⿇沸散,飲後有 如⿇醉,然後施⼿術,再縫合傷⼝,擦下藥膏,四、 五⽇後創愈,⼀⽉就已平復。但⿇沸散與外科⼿法已 經失傳。 • 華佗是醫史上公認第⼀位使⽤⿇醉藥來⿇醉病⼈,然 後進⾏外科⼿術的醫師。 華陀 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BD%97
  • 35. Title Text不精準醫療 - 美國 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.shobserver.com/news/detail?id=16608
  • 36. Title Text不精準醫療 - 美國 http://www.nature.com/news/personalized-medicine-time-for-one-person-trials-1.17411 (高膽固醇)(關節炎) (精神分裂症) (胃灼熱) (憂鬱症) (氣喘) (牛皮癬) (孔羅氏症) (多發性硬化症) (嗜中性白血球低下) Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/PersonalizedMedicine/UCM372421.pdf
  • 37. Title Text精準醫療 - 美國 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/post/Read.aspx?PostID=11220
  • 38. Title Text精準醫療 - 台灣 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.twbiobank.org.tw/new_web/index.php
  • 39. Title Text精準醫療 - ⼈⼯智慧 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://www.inside.com.tw/2016/08/05/ai-ibm-watson-japan-medical
  • 41. Title TextCost per Genome https://www.genome.gov/images/content/costpergenome2015_4.jpg Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) debuted Illumina HiSeq X10 debuted Human Genome Project (HGP) Completed Precision Medicine Initiative announced
  • 43. Title TextThe First $1,000 Genome http://systems.illumina.com/systems/hiseq-x-sequencing-system.html
  • 44. Title TextExpectation of Data Processing Power for illumina HiSeq X Ten • A cluster of 10 HiSeq X instruments • Capable of sequencing up to 18,000 whole human genomes each year • Has a run cycle of ~3 days and produces ~150 genomes each run cycle • Running the industry standard BWA+GATK analysis pipeline to perform this analysis on a reasonably high-end (Dual Intel Xeon E5-2697v2 CPU – 12 core, 2.7 GHz with 96 GB DRAM) compute server takes ~24 hours per genome. • To achieve the required throughput of 150 genomes every three days, at least 50 of these servers are required. • Should meet a target of ~28 minutes for the completion of the mapping, aligning, sorting, de-duplication and variant calling of each genome.
  • 45. Title Text次世代定序 (NGS) 101 https://www.broadinstitute.org/gatk/img/cartoon-blackbox-workflow-web-blackblue.png Wet Lab Dry Lab
  • 46. Title TextSequencing Error Dr. Watson Discoverer of the structure of DNA in 1953 < 0.1% ~ 1 % Chimp Most closest species to human Sequencing Error = ~1% Dr. Su Cofounder of Atgenomix in 2015 ~ 0.1%
  • 53. Title Text4V Velocity Volume Variety Veracity MB GB TB PB batch periodic near Real-Time Real-Time
  • 54. Title TextScale-Up vs. Scale-Out Horizontal Scaling (More Nodes) VerticalScaling (BiggerNodes) More expensive server (Big Memory, Many CPU cores) Many commodity nodes
  • 55. Title TextHadoop – HDFS, Spark, YARN https://www.tutorialspoint.com/hadoop/hadoop_introduction.htm
  • 57. Title TextAn Example of Word Count http://7xjbdi.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/word-count-as-mapreduce.png
  • 58. Title TextBerkeley Data Analytics Stack (BDAS) Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://ampcamp.berkeley.edu/5/exercises/
  • 60. Title TextGuess What? Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. ⽬前醫學知識對基因體了解程度約: (A) 98.5% (B) 75% (C) 50% (D) 25% (E) 1.5%
  • 61. Title TextGraph Genome Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://www.sevenbridges.com/graph/ https://vimeo.com/184983995
  • 64. Title TextMy Logical Thinking Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. Precision Medicine Human Genome Next Generation Sequencing Big Data Technology
  • 65. Title Text$100 Genome Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://www.bio-itworld.com/2017/1/9/illumina-launches-novoseq-sequencers-aiming-replace-1900-sequencers.aspx
  • 66. Title Text資⼯系⼤學部課程推薦 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc. 課程銜接流程圖 資工系大學部課程銜接流程圖 計算機概論 程式設計一 程式設計二 離散數學 線性代數機率與統計 微積分 計算機結構演算法 資料結構 自動機理論 資料庫理論 物件導向分析 與設計 程式語言結構 其它數理必選 修 資訊安全 軟體工程 數位邏輯作業系統 系統程式 組合語言 微處理機 電子學 資料探勘 人工智慧 影像處理 計算機圖學 無線通訊 資料通訊 區域性網路 計算機網路 自動機理論系統程式 機率與統計 微積分 程式設計一 程式設計二 資料結構 演算法 資訊工程必修 http://w1.csie.ntnu.edu.tw/admiss/super_pages.php?ID=admiss4&Sn=33 以台灣師範⼤學資⼯系為例
  • 67. Title TextNext-Generation Biology Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.2002050 http://wp.sanger.ac.uk/barrettgroup/files/2012/08/expLab.jpg
  • 68. Title Text科普講座推薦 Confidential - Anome internal use only. © 2016 Anome, Inc.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjHRQEKHSao
  • 70. Q&A