أسئلة و اجوبة عن الهندسة المدنية و المعمارية في هذا المجلد تجد 1000 سؤال و اجابة عن فروع شتي من الهندسة المدنية و المعمارية http://www.arch-civil.com

1. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
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2. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
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3. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
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1‫س‬١:‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻨﺪس‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻼم‬٥٠%‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل؟‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬1
2‫س‬٢‫اﻟﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎوزت‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼطﺎت‬ ‫اﺣﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ة‬‫؟‬2
3‫س‬٣‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮرﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬3
4‫س‬٤‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻨﺘﻲ‬ ‫طﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬٣‫اﯾﺎم؟‬4
5‫س‬٥‫ﺑـ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬٣‫؟‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬5
6‫س‬٦‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮوﺣﺔ‬"‫اﻟﮭﯿﻠﻮﻛﺒﺘﺮ‬"‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬6
7‫س‬٧‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪاء‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬7
8‫س‬٨‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻮدى‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ارﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺰان‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺸﯿﺶ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬8
9‫س‬٩‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬"Drop manhol"‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬9
10‫س‬١٠‫ﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎھﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬10
11‫س‬١١‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻻرﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺰام‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫وﺻﻮﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮدم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬‫؟‬11
12‫س‬١٢‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬"‫؟‬12
13‫س‬١٣‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺘﺰاﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاح‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼوت‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫اﯾﮭﻤﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺠﺎرة‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬13
14‫س‬١٤‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﺮش‬"‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬14
15‫س‬١٥‫ﻟﻤﻜﻌﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺖ‬B300‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬٧‫اﯾﺎم‬١٨٠kg/cm2‫؟‬15
16‫س‬١٦‫؟‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬16
17‫س‬١٧‫؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮدﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬ ‫اﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬17
18‫س‬١٨‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺷﻘﻮق‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬18
19‫س‬١٩‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق‬ ‫ظﮭﻮر‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬19
20‫س‬٢٠‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬core test‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬20
21‫س‬٢١‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫طﺮق‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬21
22‫س‬٢٢‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬22
23‫س‬٢٣‫؟‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻤﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬23
24‫س‬٢٤‫؟‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫واﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬24
25‫س‬٢٥‫؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوط‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬25
26‫س‬٢٦‫؟‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬26
27‫س‬٢٧‫اھﻢ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺰﻻزل‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺧﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬27
28‫س‬٢٨‫؟‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮا‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫رش‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬28
29‫س‬٢٩‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻻﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺜﯿﻒ‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬29
30‫س‬٣٠‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬:‫اﻟﺴﻤﻞ‬–‫اﻟﺸﺪاد‬–‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪه‬30
31‫س‬٣١‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬31
32‫س‬٣٢‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺳﺘﯿﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺖ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬32
33‫س‬٣٣‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎھﻞ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬33
34‫س‬٣٤‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎھﻞ‬ ‫واﻗﻄﺎر‬ ‫وﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬34
35‫س‬٣٥‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪث‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﻄﺎء‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬........‫؟‬35
36‫س‬٣٦‫؟‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻰ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﻮار‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬36
37‫س‬٣٧‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬37

4. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
38‫س‬٣٨‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫راﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮزن‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬38
39‫س‬٣٩‫اﻻﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺐ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"DIRECTIONAL DRILLING"‫؟‬39
40‫س‬٤٠‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬40
41‫س‬٤١‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎھﺰة‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺪوى‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬41
42‫س‬٤٢‫؟‬ ‫واﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫وﺻﻼت‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬42
43‫س‬٤٣‫؟‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻗﻄﺎر‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻻﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬43
44‫س‬٤٤‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﯿﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬44
45‫س‬٤٥‫؟‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬45
46‫س‬٤٦‫؟‬ ‫واﻻوﺗﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮج‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻮﺗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬46
47‫س‬٤٧‫؟‬ ‫ﺟﺎھﺰة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬47
48‫س‬٤٨‫اﻟﺪرﯾﻜﺴﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫اﻟﺪﯾﻔﯿﺘﺮ‬"‫؟‬48
49‫س‬٤٩‫؟‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻮﺑﮫ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮردى‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬49
50‫س‬٥٠‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮردى‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺎذھﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎطﺎت‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬50
51‫س‬٥١‫ﻣ‬‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬"‫اﻟﻜﺒﻠﺮ‬"‫؟‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻰ‬51
52‫س‬٥٢‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬water stop‫؟‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬52
53‫س‬٥٣‫واﺷﻜﺎل‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬water stop‫؟‬ ‫وﺿﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻒ‬53
54‫س‬٥٤‫ﻋﻼﺟﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺎﻗﻄﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﻼخ‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻟﺼﻮرة‬"‫؟‬54
55‫س‬٥٥‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﺛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اوﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫اﯾﮭﻤﺎ‬55
56‫س‬٥٦‫ﻋﺰل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻮﺛﺮﯾﻦ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬه‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬56
57‫س‬٥٧‫؟‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺮارى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬57
58‫س‬٥٨‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬"‫اﻟﺒﺪروم‬"‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﻮ‬‫؟‬ ‫وﻟﻤﺎذا‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫ك‬58
59‫س‬٥٩‫؟‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻮﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬59
60‫س‬٦٠‫؟‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬60
61‫س‬٦١‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺒﻮط‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺰﻻزل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬61
62‫س‬٦٢‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﺪار‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬"٥–١٠"‫؟‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬62
63‫س‬٦٣‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺎدى‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬63
64‫س‬٦٤‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻌﺎر‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬64
65‫س‬٦٥‫اﻟﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻟﻂ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻼم‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺒﻮﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻞ‬65
66‫س‬٦٦‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺸﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬66
67‫س‬٦٧‫ﻗﺺ‬ ‫اﺟﮭﺎد‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬"shear stress"‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬67
68‫س‬٦٨‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬footing&foundation‫؟‬68
69‫س‬٦٩‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬" tie beam "-"strap beam"‫؟‬69
70‫س‬٧٠‫؟‬ ‫وﻟﻤﺎذا‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺪاد‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫رﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬70
71‫س‬٧١‫اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﺟﺎرة‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬"‫؟‬71
72‫س‬٧٢‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫اﻻدوار‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺼﻠﺢ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪات‬ ‫ﻰ‬72
73‫س‬٧٣‫؟‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫وظﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻗﺴﺎم‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬73
74‫س‬٧٤‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﮭﻨﺪس‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‬ ‫اھﻢ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬74
75‫س‬٧٥‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬٢٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬/‫؟‬ ‫ﯾﻮم‬75
76‫س‬٧٦‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺰان‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬٢٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬/‫؟‬ ‫ﯾﻮم‬76

5. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
77‫س‬٧٧‫؟‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺰان‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬77
78‫س‬٧٨‫؟‬ ‫ﺳﻜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬78
79‫س‬٧٩‫اﻟﺸﺮو‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﺻﻼﺣﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫خ‬79
80‫س‬٨٠‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫اﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﮫ‬"‫؟‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺟﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬80
81‫س‬٨١‫؟‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬81
82‫س‬٨٢‫اﻟﻔﻮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﻋﯿﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدى‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮردى‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫م‬82
83‫س‬٨٣‫ﻟﻼﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫أﯾﮭﻤﺎ‬"‫اﻟﺒﺎرد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬" "‫اﻟﺤﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬"‫؟‬ ‫وﻟﻤﺎذا‬83
84‫س‬٨٤‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺳﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﺎ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬84
85‫س‬٨٥‫اﻻ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺪران‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫اﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺎس‬85
86‫س‬٨٦‫اﻟﻠﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺪء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫اﻟﺸﺘﺎء‬"‫او‬"‫اﻟﺼﯿﻒ‬"‫؟‬86
87‫س‬٨٧‫؟‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺪران‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬87
88‫س‬٨٨‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬88
89‫س‬٨٩‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮق‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫دھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬89
90‫س‬٩٠‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪك‬٢*٣‫م‬............‫؟‬ ‫وﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫اى‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ھﯿﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮش‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬90
91‫س‬٩١‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬" SLUMP TEST "‫؟‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻟﻤﺎذا‬91
92‫س‬٩٢‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺧﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﺠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎم‬ ‫وﻛﻞ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﯿﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫ت‬‫؟‬92
93‫س‬٩٣‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬93
94‫س‬94‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻻدوار‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮر‬‫وھﻞ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬‫واﺣﺪ‬‫او‬‫اﺗﺠﺎھﯿﻦ‬‫؟‬94
95‫س‬٩٥‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﻘﻤﯿﺺ‬‫ﻟﻼ‬‫ﻋﻤﺪة‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﮫ‬‫؟‬95
96‫س‬٩٦‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬‫ظﮭﻮر‬‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق‬‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‬‫ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬‫؟‬96
97‫س‬٩٧‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻰ‬‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬‫وﻣﺘﻰ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫وﺿﻌﮭﺎ‬‫وﻟﻤﺎذا‬‫وﻣﺎذا‬‫ﯾﻜﺘﺐ‬‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬‫؟‬97
98‫س‬٩٨‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﺮش‬"‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬98
99‫س‬99‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻰ‬‫ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ‬‫ﺷﻤﯿﺪت‬‫وﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﯾﺘ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات‬‫واﻟﻌﯿﻮب‬‫؟‬99
100‫س‬١٠٠‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬‫واﯾﻦ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫ﻣﻮاد‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬‫اﻻﺑﯿﺾ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬‫اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬‫واﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬‫؟‬100

6. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١:‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻨﺪس‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻼم‬٥٠%‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل؟‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻨﺪس‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬة‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬٩٩.٩%‫ھﺬا‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺄﻗﻮم‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺪرت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻻواﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ‫أواﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ًوﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬ ‫ًﺛﻢ‬‫ﻻ‬‫أو‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫واﺑﻼغ‬ ‫اﻻﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪس‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫طﺎﻟﻤﺎ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘ‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺎذه‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺻﺮار‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫ﯾﺤﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﻮﻻ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫طﺎﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪﻗﯿﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪس‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪ‬

7. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٢‫اﻟﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎوزت‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼطﺎت‬ ‫اﺣﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ة‬‫؟‬
‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫اﺿﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﺴﻞ‬ ‫وإﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎوزت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ازاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺄطﻠﺐ‬
.

8. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٣‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮرﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺗﺄﺧﺮ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪﺛﻠﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻚ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫طﺎﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﯿﻦ‬١٠‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫؟؟؟اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎذا‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﻗﺺ‬ ‫ﻗﻮى‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫إﻧﮭﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺄطﻠﺐ‬ ‫أﻧﻲ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬
‫زاوﯾﺔ‬٤٥‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اطﻠﺐ‬ ‫درﺟﺔوأن‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﺪوم‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎول‬.

9. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٤‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻨﺘﻲ‬ ‫طﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬٣‫اﯾﺎم؟‬
‫ﻣﺮور‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﻜﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻨﻊ‬٢٨‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺗﻮرﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻌﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻮم‬‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ‬
‫..ﺑﮫ‬

10. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٥‫ﺑـ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬٣‫؟‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻮد‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻮﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻞ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬١‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻤﻮح‬ ‫م‬١‫اﻻﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺪال‬ ‫وﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬.

11. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٦‫اﻟﻤﺮوﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫اﻟﮭﯿﻠﻮﻛﺒﺘﺮ‬"‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻌﯿﻢ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎم‬ ‫ﺳﺪ‬‫ﻣﺮور‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬"١-٤"‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬‫ﺎت‬)‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻚ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬(‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺼﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮدﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻻرﺿﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮوﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻮرش‬ ‫ﻧﻊ‬"HARDNER"‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫رﺷﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬.

12. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٧‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪاء‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬"‫رش‬"‫ﻣﺮور‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬"٣-٤"‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬‫اﻟﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﺮﺗﯿﻦ‬"‫ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ‬–‫ﻣﺴﺎء‬"‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺒﻮع‬ ‫وﻟﻤﺪة‬"٧‫اﯾﺎم‬"

13. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٨‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻮدى‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ارﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺰان‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺸﯿﺶ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬
-1‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬ ‫إﻟﺘﻘﺎء‬ ‫وﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﺘﻘﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫وﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻨﻘﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬.
-2‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎرة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﻈﯿﻔﮫ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪا‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬،‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫وأي‬ ‫واﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬ ‫و‬‫ﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اد‬.
-3‫وﺟﺪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻨﻈﯿﻔﮫ‬ ‫وﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺸﯿﺶ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺰان‬ ‫ﺟﺪار‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬.
-4‫إﻟﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫رﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫إﺳﻤﻨﺘﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺸﯿﺶ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻘﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬.
5-‫وﺧﺸﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫واﻷرﺿﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮطﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬.
-6‫ﺗﻠ‬ ‫واﻷرﺿﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻠﯿﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬‫اﻟﺴﯿﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﯿﯿﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻦ‬ ‫ﯿﯿﺲ‬.
-7‫اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺘﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮوﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼط‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺼﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺮاﻣﯿﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻼط‬ ‫واﻷرﺿﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺒﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬)‫أﺳﻮد‬ ‫إﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬(،‫اﻟﻐﺮاء‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫أو‬.
-8‫اﻟﺴﯿﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﯿﯿﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻠﯿﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬.
9-‫ھﻨ‬‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺰاء‬ ‫ودھﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮق‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺋﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎة‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎذ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺪھﻦ‬ ‫أﺑﻮﻛﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺰل‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺎك‬
‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﯿﯿﺴﮭﺎ‬.

14. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٩‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬"Drop manhol"‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮوج‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ذﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬‫ﺪار‬١‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﮭﻮل‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ھﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬"T"‫او‬"Y"

15. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١٠‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎھﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺬﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬٣٥–٣٧‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫وﻻﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬٤‫وﯾﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫درﺟﺎت‬‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻞ‬"
‫اﻟﺼﺒﺎح‬"‫او‬"‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎء‬"

16. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١١‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻻرﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺰام‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫وﺻﻮﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮدم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬‫؟‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺄطﻠﺐ‬‫ازاﻟﺔ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮدم‬ ‫ﯾﻌﯿﺪ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫اﻟﺮدم‬٢٥‫دﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ودﻛﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ورﺷﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬٩٥%
‫او‬‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫ان‬

17. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١٢‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬"‫؟‬
١-‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺮض‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬"٢٠‫ﺳﻢ‬"
٢-‫واﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﮭﯿﺮ‬
٣-‫اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﯿﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮش‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬"٢٥٠‫ﻣﯿﻜﺮون‬"
٤-‫ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
٥-‫اﻟﺜﻘﺐ‬‫اﻟﺘﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫و‬‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
٦-‫ادﯾﺒﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻻﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫وﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬
٧-‫اﻻطﺮاف‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﻜﺜﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪادة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﮭﺎء‬
٨-‫ﺟﯿﺪا‬ ‫وﺗﺪﻋﯿﻤﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺒﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮرﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
٩-‫ﺑﯿ‬ ‫رﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬‫واﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
١٠-‫اﻟﺨﺸﺒﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮرم‬ ‫وﻓﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬

18. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١٣‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺠﺎرة‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺘﺰاﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاح‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼوت‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫اﯾﮭﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻠﺘﺰاﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻼھﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬..........
١-‫اﻟﺨ‬ ‫رج‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮاء‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫وﺧﺮوج‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻤﺢ‬‫اﻟﺒﻠﯿﻮت‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻼف‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬.
٢-‫ﻟﻠﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻄﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎر‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﻮاح‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬
٣-‫ﺗﺒﻄﯿﻨﮫ‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺰوﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺸﯿﺐ‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻋﯿﻢ‬ ‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫اﺳﮭﻞ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﯿﻮت‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬‫اﻣﻜﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫وﻧﻈﯿﻒ‬ ‫اﻣﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬.....

19. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١٤‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﺮش‬"‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮش‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﮭﺪف‬
‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫وﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺪة‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
1 -‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻠﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎة‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬)‫ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﻮة‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوخ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬)
2 -‫واﻟﺘﺼﻠﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻣﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬)‫ﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﺎج‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻜﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫وﯾﻠﺰم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻠﺐ‬٩٠%‫وال‬ ‫اﺳﺎﺑﯿﻊ‬ ‫ارﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬١٠%‫ﺳﻨﻮات‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﯿﺔ‬)

20. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١٥‫ﻟﻤﻜﻌﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺖ‬B300‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬٧‫اﯾﺎم‬١٨٠kg/cm2‫؟‬
‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬٧٥%‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬٧‫وﺑ‬ ‫أﯾﺎم‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬٣٠٠×٠.٧٥=٢٢٥‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬/‫ﺳﻢ‬٢‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺑﻨﺎء‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎح‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪم‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺣﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺷﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎدھﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺄوﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻲ‬٢٨‫وﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﯾﻮم‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻀ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺪرب‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪس‬ ‫اﺧﻲ‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬‫اﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫وإﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﯿﻔﮫ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻤﻮﻧﮭﺎ‬+
‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻮف‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫وﺻﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫وإذا‬ ‫اوﻗﻔﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺑﺼﯿﺎﻏﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮةﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎرﯾﻒ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻘﺎت‬ ‫اي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬.

21. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١٦‫اﻧ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻮاع‬
١-‫اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻠﻨﺪى‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎدى‬
٢-‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬‫اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻠﻨﺪى‬‫اﻻﺑﯿﺾ‬
٣-‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬‫اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻠﻨﺪى‬‫ﻟﻠﻜﺒﺮﯾﺘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوم‬
٤-‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬‫اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻠﻨﺪى‬‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
٥-‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬‫اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻠﻨﺪى‬‫اﻟﺘﺼﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬
٦-‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪى‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻠﻨﺪى‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬
٧-‫اﻟﺨﺒﺚ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬
٨-‫اﻟﺒﻮزﻻﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬

22. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١٧‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮدﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬ ‫اﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﮭﺮ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬ ‫اﻗﺼﻰ‬‫ﺳﻠﯿﻤﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬‫و‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫أ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎره‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬‫ﺧﻮاﺻﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻨﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﺳﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﯿﻜﺎرة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮب‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬

23. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١٨‫؟‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺷﻘﻮق‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬
‫ﺷﺮوخ‬‫ذﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺛﺮ‬ ‫وﻻ‬.....
١-‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ذﯾﺎدة‬
٢-‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮء‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
٣-‫ﻛﺎﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻄﺎء‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮب‬
٤-‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎم‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﻠﻮﻛﺒﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬‫واﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺮش‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﻌﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺷﮫ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬

24. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١٩‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق‬ ‫ظﮭﻮر‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬‫ﺑﻮ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻮد‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﯾﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺘﮫ‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺨﺸﺐ‬"١×٤"‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫و‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻤﺮ‬
‫او‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﯾﺤﺔ‬‫اﻻ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺑﻌﺮض‬ ‫ﻤﻮﻧﯿﻮم‬١٠‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻻﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻤﺮ‬‫اﻟﺴﯿﻠﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ‬ ‫ﻣﻼء‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬.

25. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٢٠‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬core test‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫؟‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬core test‫اﻟﺘﻜﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬"‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬٩٠%‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬"٢٨‫ﯾﻮم‬"

26. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٢١‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫طﺮق‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻻﻣﺎھﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺿﺮورى‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬......‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫طﺮق‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬............
١-‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻤﺮ‬
٢-‫اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﯿﻚ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﯿﺶ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻄﯿﮫ‬
٣-‫اﻟﺮش‬‫وﻣﺴﺎء‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ‬
٤-‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
٥-‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
٦-‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬ ‫وﻧﺸﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬

27. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٢٢‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬
‫واﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬ ‫دي‬،‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ‬،‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻼطﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫و‬٣٥%
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪه‬ ‫اﺣﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﯿﻼﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬

28. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٢٣‫ﻟﻼﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻤﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫؟‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻄﺎء‬ ‫ﯾﺰال‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد‬ -١
٢-‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻤﯿﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠﺪه‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﺷﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺰرع‬٢٥–٥٠‫ﺳﻢ‬‫ﺑﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻮب‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬٢‫ﻣﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎف‬ ‫وﺑﻌﻤﻖ‬٥‫إﻟﻰ‬٧‫اﻻﺷﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات‬
٣-‫ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪا‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﻮب‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻒ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻄﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺎره‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وﯾﺮاﻋﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺎره‬ ‫وﺗﺰرع‬ ‫راﺑﻄﮫ‬ ‫اﯾﺒﻮﻛﺴﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎده‬ ‫وﺗﻤﻼء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط‬
‫ﺳﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺑﺎط‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻤﯿﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠﺪه‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬
٤-‫اﻟﺼﺪأ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻈﻒ‬‫اﯾﺒﻮﻛﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎدة‬ ‫دھﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬
٥-‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻤﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
٦-‫دھﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎده‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ن‬‫اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‬‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﮫ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺐ‬
٧-‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻤﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫او‬‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺪا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻼﺻﻘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻤﺼﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮك‬
‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
٨-‫اﻟﺮﻓﯿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻤﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﯾﺼﺐ‬)‫ا‬‫ﻟﻔﯿﻨﻮ‬(‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﮫ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬٤٠٠‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬/‫م‬٣‫ﻟﻼﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻌﮫ‬ ‫واﻻﺿﺎﻓﺎت‬

29. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٢٤‫؟‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫واﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺰم‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬
‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪد‬
‫ﺳﻘﻮط‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻨﻊ‬‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫اﻻﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬

30. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٢٥‫؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوط‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬...........
‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺮوق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﮫ‬
١-‫اﻟﻤﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺸﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺔ‬
٢-‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻌﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬

31. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٢٦‫؟‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
١-‫اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻨﻊ‬"buckling"‫ﻟﻼﻋﻤﺪة‬
٢-‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
٣-‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬
٤-‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﻗﻮى‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬
٥-‫اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬"spiral column"
٦-‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﺮاﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫اﻻﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ء‬
٧-‫ﻣﻔﺎﺟﻰ‬ ‫اﻧﮭﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬

32. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٢٧‫؟‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺰﻻزل‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺧﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬ ‫اھﻢ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
١-‫ا‬ ‫ﻗﻮى‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺺ‬
٢-‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﯿﺪات‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬
٣-‫ﻗﯿﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎف‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﯿﺪات‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﮭﺎء‬
٤-‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫واﻷﻋﺼﺎب‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬
٥-‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬
٦-‫ﺑﺘ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫رﻗﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬
٧-‫وﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫وطﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬٧‫اﯾﺎم‬
٨-‫ﺑﺎﻻﺟﮭﺎد‬ ‫واﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬
٩-‫اﻟﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬
١٠-‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻨﺐ‬
١١-‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮردة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺟﻮدة‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬
١٢-‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺷﺮاف‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬
١٣-‫اﻟﺠﯿﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮدم‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬
١٤-‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎء‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ذﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪم‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬
١٥-‫ا‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﺻﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
١٦-‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻻزل‬ ‫ﻗﻮة‬ ‫ذﯾﺎدة‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺬ‬

33. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٢٨‫؟‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮا‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫رش‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎﺋﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬ ‫اﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬

34. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٢٩‫اﻟﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺜﯿﻒ‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺎت‬‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬‫واﻻﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻول‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻻزل‬ ‫ﻗﻮى‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫واﻟﺮﯾﺎح‬‫واﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬‫اﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫و‬

35. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٣٠‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬:‫اﻟﺴﻤﻞ‬–‫اﻟﺸﺪاد‬–‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪه‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬:
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫ظﯿﻔﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﯿﻂ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪادات‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮا‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬...‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪادات‬:
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎرو‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻮار‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺪاد‬ ‫ﺿﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫وش‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪادات‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺗﺰان‬
‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ا‬
‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪادات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬
‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﺢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫وﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬٢٥*٧٠
‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ظﮭﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪادات‬
‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺘﮭﺎ‬٣٠*١٠٠
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻨﻔﺬ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺬ‬
١‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻼﻣﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬
٢‫ﻣ‬ ‫ورﻓﻊ‬ ‫وﺧﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫طﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺣﻮاﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪادات‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻮب‬٢٠‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﻔﺬ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
٣‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺒﺸﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺒﻮط‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﯿﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻔﺬ‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫رﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺤﮭﺎاﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫رﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪادات‬ ‫ان‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪادات‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬
‫اﺟﮭﺎدات‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫وھﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫رﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬:
‫ﺣﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮه‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬
‫ا‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ﻋﺰم‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪه‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬ ‫طﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮫ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪادت‬:
‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺎدى‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎوره‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪه‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪادات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬‫اﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪات‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻄﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪات‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎوره‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﮭﺎدات‬ ‫ﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺒﻮط‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫واﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬

36. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ‬ ‫وزﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬+‫ﻓﻮﻗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫وزن‬)‫ﻣﻜﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫او‬
‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎوره‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪه‬ ‫ھﺒﻮك‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪه‬ ‫ھﺒﻮط‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺴﻠﯿﺤﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪات‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪه‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻼﻣﺮﻛﺰﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪه‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﺰوم‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺴﻠﯿﺤﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪادت‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪادات‬‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫واﺗﺰان‬
‫ﯾﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮداب‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻻرﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬
‫ﺳﺮداب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
"‫وﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬round Beam‫ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪاد‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﯿ‬‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻦ‬[‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎور‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫طﺮف‬ ‫اﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻼﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎف‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻼﻓﻲ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي‬ ‫وﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬strap
‫اﻟﻀﻌﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪادات‬
‫ا‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬

37. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٣١‫؟‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﺖ‬ ‫إذا‬.
‫ﺑﯿﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺰﻟﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﺸﻮم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫إذا‬.
‫ﻓﯿﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻟﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫إذا‬.
‫ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫زو‬ ‫إذا‬‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫دت‬.
‫ﺣﻤﺮاء‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫إذا‬.
‫دﻛﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫اﻷرﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ﺑﻼط‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬.
‫ﻣﯿﻮل‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺖ‬ ‫إذا‬.
‫ﺿﻌﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫ﺧﻔﯿﻒ‬ ‫رﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫إذا‬.
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﺮت‬ ‫إذا‬.

38. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٣٢‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺳﺘﯿﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺖ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
١-‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻣﻼح‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﮫ‬
٢-‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ھﺮوب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬
٣-‫ﻗﻮﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼط‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬
٤-‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬

39. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٣٣‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎھﻞ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺰوﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎھﻞ‬‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮاﺋﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﯾﺜﻠﯿﻦ‬‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬...........
١-‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎھﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﺪ‬"‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﺪات‬"‫ﺟﯿﺪا‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ‬.‫ﻟﺮوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﮭﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻼء‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ھﺒﻮط‬
٢-‫اﻟﻜﮭ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮر‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬‫ﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ‬........‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻧ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﮭﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﮭﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺰاﻟﮫ‬"‫ﺗﺤﺬﯾﺮﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﺷﺎرات‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻄﻰ‬"

40. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٣٤‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎھﻞ‬ ‫واﻗﻄﺎر‬ ‫وﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬

41. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٣٥‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪث‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﻄﺎء‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬........‫؟‬
١-‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻋﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮء‬‫واﻟﺸﺪات‬ ‫ﺐ‬)........‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪة‬ ‫اﻧﻔﻼت‬(
٢-‫ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺔ‬ ‫أرﺿﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻂ‬)‫وﻧﻔﺎذﯾﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮة‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬(
٣-‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬)....‫اﻻﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬(
٤-‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬ ‫إطﺎﻟﺔ‬)...........‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﺼﺎل‬(
٥-‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻂ‬ ‫اﻛﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬)..‫اﻟﯿﺪوى‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻂ‬(
٦-‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬)..‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﻄﺎء‬(
٧-‫واﻟﺸﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﮭﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺐ‬)..........‫اوﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺠﺎرة‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻼم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ‬(
٨-‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺰل‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻌﺪ‬)...‫اﻻرض‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺟﺰاء‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬(
٩-‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫وﺷﺪات‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺷﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬).....‫اﻟﺨﺸﺒﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮرم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ‬(
١٠-‫اﻟﺤﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬)....‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺬﯾﺪ‬٣٥‫ﻣﺌﻮﯾﮫ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬(
١١-‫واﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻂ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬..).........‫ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮات‬-‫ﻣﺴﺎء‬(
١٢-‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬)...‫ﺣﺒﯿﺒﻰ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻻﯾﺤﺪث‬(
١٣-‫ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬).....‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬(
١٤-‫ﻗﺮﯾﺒﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬)............‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اھﺰاز‬٠.٥-١‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬(
١٥-‫ﺧﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎوز‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬‫ﺑﺤﺮ‬).............١/٥‫اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬(
١٦-‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮج‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺳﯿﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬) ........‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻻﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫ھﺰ‬(
١٧-‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻄﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻌﯿﻢ‬)....‫اﻻﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬(
١٨-‫اﻟﺴﯿﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬).......‫ﻗﻮام‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬(
١٩-‫طﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫إﺑﻘﺎء‬) .....‫ﻻﺗﺘﺠﺎوز‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺮة‬٣٠‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬(
٢٠-‫ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬) ....‫اﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮدى‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬(
٢١-‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄة‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫إزاﻟﺔ‬) ......‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬(
٢٢-ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮطﯿﺐ‬) ....٧‫اﯾﺎم‬(
٢٣-‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻣﻚ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬) .........‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬(
٢٤-‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ً‫ء‬‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫دﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬).....‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬(
٢٥-‫اﻟﺨﺸﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺠﺎل‬....)٢×‫ﺑﺤﺮ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫طﻮل‬+٢‫ﯾﻮم‬(
٢٦-‫اﻟﺘﺄﺳﯿﺲ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺮدم‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬ ‫دﺧﻮل‬) ....‫ا‬‫ﻟﺸﯿﻮل‬(
٢٧-‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻤﺮ‬) .....‫اوﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬(
٢٨-‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮطﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدرة‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬) .....‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬٣-٤‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬(
٢٩-‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺛﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ‬)‫واﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤﯿﻞ‬(....

42. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٣٦‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬‫واﻻﺳﻮار‬‫؟‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻻﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮة‬‫ﺗﺎﺛ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫واﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻮدى‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬‫اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوخ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺤﺪث‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺸﺎء‬ ‫اى‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ذﻟﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫وﻟﺘﻔﺎدى‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬...............
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬....................‫ﻣﻦ‬٤٠‫اﻟﻰ‬٤٥‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬"‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬"
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬....................‫ﻣﻦ‬٣٠‫اﻟﻰ‬٣٥‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬"‫اﻟﺤﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬"
‫اﻻﺳﻮار‬................‫ﻣﻦ‬١٢‫اﻟﻰ‬٢٠‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬"‫اﻟﺤﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬"

43. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٣٧‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
١-‫ﺻﻨﺪوق‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
٢-‫ﺑﻌﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪه‬ ‫واواﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﺗﮭﺮب‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻛﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﯿﺎخ‬
٣-‫ﺣﺠﺎب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪ‬‫أﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫م‬
L ٤-‫ﺑﺠﻨﺎح‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬
T ٥-‫ﺑﺠﻨﺎﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
٦-‫أوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫ﻗﻄ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫أﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺎت‬
٧-‫ﻛﺎ‬‫ﺣﺒﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺔ‬:‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺨﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
٨-‫ﺷﻠﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫ﺑﻤ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬‫واﻟﻤﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬
٩-‫داﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬‫ﯾﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
L -‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬ 10
T -‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬ 11

44. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٣٨‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫راﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮزن‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺨﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻟﻮزن‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫أﺳﮭﻞ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫وأﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻮاﻏﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻖ‬ ‫أو‬
‫وﺗﻌﻄﯿﻚ‬‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻏﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫رؤﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

45. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٣٩‫اﻻﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺐ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"DIRECTIONAL DRILLING"‫؟‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻘﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻻرض‬ ‫اﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻻورﺑﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫اﻻﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮫ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬‫ﻠﺨﻄﻮط‬
‫واﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬...

46. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٤٠‫؟‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
١-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫راﺳﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿﻊ‬١/٢‫اﻟﻰ‬١‫م‬
٢-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮة‬١٠‫اﻟﻰ‬٣٠‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﮫ‬
٣-‫اطﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
٤-‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿﻊ‬‫ﺑﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﺧﺮاﺟﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻖ‬
٥-‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫اﻻﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫وﻻﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﺧﺮ‬ ‫ھﺰاز‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬
٦-‫اﻟﻠﻰ‬ ‫طﻮل‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬)‫اﻟﺨﺮطﻮم‬(‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮭﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫طﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﮭﺰاز‬
٧-‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫ﻻﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
٨-‫ﺣﺒﯿﺒﻰ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻮدى‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ذﯾﺎده‬
٩-‫ﻓ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﻐﺮز‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺦ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻰ‬٢٠‫ﻣﺮة‬
١٠-‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫دﺧﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٥‫ﺳﻢ‬
١١-‫اﻓﻘﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻚ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬)‫ﯾﺴﻤﺢ‬(‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
١٢-‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬)‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮع‬(‫اﻟﺤﺒﯿﺒﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻮدى‬ ‫ﻻﻧﮫ‬
١٣-‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪة‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﯿﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺰاز‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ‬

47. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٤١‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎھﺰة‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺪوى‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬

48. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٤٢‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫وﺻﻼت‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫واﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫وﺻﻠﺔ‬٥٠‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‬...‫أدﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬١‫م‬.
‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬ ‫وﺻﻠﺔ‬٦٥‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‬...‫أدﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬١‫م‬.

49. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٤٣‫؟‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻗﻄﺎر‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻻﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻗﻄﺎر‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻻﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫وﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬٣٢‫اﻻ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻣﻢ‬‫اﻻﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎر‬‫ﻣﻦ‬٣٢‫ﻣﻢ‬‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدى‬.

50. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٤٤‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﯿﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻌﯿـــــــــــــــــــﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤــــــــــــــــــﯿﺰات‬ ‫م‬
‫ﻣﮭﺮه‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‬ 1
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﺷﺮاف‬ ‫ﺳﺮ‬‫اﻻﻧﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﻋﺔ‬ 2
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻮاﻋﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫دﻗﺔ‬ 3
‫واﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪﯾﺪات‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ 4
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫دﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﺳﮭﻞ‬ 5
‫اﻟﻀﻌﯿﻔﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻻزل‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿ‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬‫واﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺒﺎت‬ 6
‫واﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎطﺎت‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺎذ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﺪات‬ ‫دﻗﺔ‬ 7
8

51. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٤٥‫؟‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
١-‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
٢-‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
٣-‫اﻟﻄﺮطﺸﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
٤-‫واﻻوﺗﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮج‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
٤-‫اﻟﻠﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
٥-‫اﻟﺠﺒﺲ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
٦-‫واﻟﺸﺒﺎﺑﯿﻚ‬ ‫اﻻﺑﻮاب‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮق‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
٧-‫اﻟﺴﯿﺮاﻣﯿﻚ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
٨-‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺪﯾﺪات‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
٩-‫واﻟﺸﺒﺎﺑﯿﻚ‬ ‫اﻻﺑﻮاب‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
٨-‫اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬

52. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٤٦‫واﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮج‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻮﺗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬‫؟‬ ‫وﺗﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﺒﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻰ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬‫واﻟﺒﻮاطﺎت‬‫واﻻوﺗﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮج‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬

53. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٤٧‫؟‬ ‫ﺟﺎھﺰة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
١-‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﯾﻨﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫ورﻓﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
٢-‫واﻟﺒﻮاطﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺴﯿﺮ‬
٣-‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬‫اﻟﻜﮭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺐ‬‫واﻟﺒﻮاطﺎت‬ ‫ﺮﺑﺎء‬‫واﻟﺠﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬
٤-‫ﺗ‬‫ﻤﺪ‬‫ﯾﺪ‬‫ﻣﻮاﺳﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫وﺑﻮاطﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﻮزﯾﻌﮭﺎ‬
٥-‫ﺗ‬‫ﻤﺪ‬‫ﯾﺪ‬‫واﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫واﻟﺪش‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻠﯿﻔﻮن‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﯿﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺴﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺻﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻻرﺿﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﺮاطﯿﻢ‬
٦-‫اﻟﺮﺋ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﺴﯿﺔ‬
٧-‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻼك‬ ‫وﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪا‬ ‫وﻋﺰﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮاطﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻼك‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬
٨-‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺮاﯾﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ‬ ‫وﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺳﯿﮭﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺘﺸﻄﯿﺐ‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎرة‬
٩-‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاطﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬

54. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٤٨‫اﻟﺪرﯾﻜﺴﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫اﻟﺪﯾﻔﯿﺘﺮ‬"‫؟‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫داﺋﻤﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻛﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫طﺮﻓﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح‬ ‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻤﺮات‬

55. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٤٩‫اﻟﮭﻮردى‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬‫ﻋﯿﻮﺑﮫ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬٤٠‫اﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻوزان‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﻔﯿﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﻮر‬ ‫وذات‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬

56. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٥٠‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮردى‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺎذھﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎطﺎت‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﯿﺎض‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮم‬ ‫اﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬‫و‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﻠﺰم‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬١٦‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬/‫م‬٣‫اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻮاق‬ ‫ﻷن‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺰم‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﺷﺘﺮاطﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬

57. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٥١‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬"‫اﻟﻜﺒﻠﺮ‬"‫؟‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻰ‬
١-‫اﻟﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﺑﻂ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻗﻄﺎر‬ ‫ذات‬٣٢‫ﻣﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﻮر‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﺑﻂ‬١٢‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ٢-
٣-‫اﻻﺷﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻰ‬ ‫طﻮل‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

58. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٥٢‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬water stop‫و‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬"‫اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت‬–‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬"
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬:-
١-‫واﻟﺠﺪار‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺰان‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
٢-‫راﺳﯿﺎ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻓﻘﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬
٣-‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬
٤-‫واﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
٥-‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬

59. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٥٣‫ﻣ‬‫واﺷﻜﺎل‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬water stop‫؟‬ ‫وﺿﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻒ‬
‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺼﻒ‬ ‫وﺗﺮك‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮض‬:٢٠‫ﺳﻢ‬–٢٥‫ﺳﻢ‬–٣٠‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬:١٠‫م‬–١٥‫م‬–٣٠‫م‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎﻛﮫ‬:١‫ﺳﻢ‬–١.٥‫ﺳﻢ‬–٢‫ﺳﻢ‬

60. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٥٤‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﻼخ‬ ‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻄﮭﺎ‬‫ﻋﻼﺟﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬"‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬"‫؟‬
‫اﻻﺳﺒﺎب‬:-
١-‫ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﻼخ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪاء‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻮدى‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫واﻻﻣﻼح‬ ‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬
٢-‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻄﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫ذﯾﺎدة‬"cover"‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﻼخ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻮدى‬
٣-‫اﻻ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬
٤-‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻮب‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
١-‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻒ‬‫وﺻﻨﻔﺮﺗﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﻔﺮﺷﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪاء‬ ‫وازاﻟﺔ‬
٢-‫اﻟﺼﺪاء‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﯾﺒﻮﻛﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎدة‬ ‫اﻻﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫دھﺎن‬
٣-‫اﻻﻧﺴ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻒ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اى‬ ‫وازاﻟﺔ‬ ‫خ‬‫اﻟﮭﻮاء‬ ‫وﺿﺎﻏﻂ‬
٤-‫اﻻﻧﺴﻼ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪا‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﯿﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻚ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫خ‬
٥-‫واﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺻﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
٦-‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ذﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

61. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٥٥‫اﯾﮭﻤﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﺛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اوﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮارى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫اﻻﻓﻀﻞ‬‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬‫اذا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫ﯾﺴﮭﻞ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﮫ‬‫ﺣﺪث‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬

62. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٥٦‫ﻋﺰل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻮﺛﺮﯾﻦ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬه‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺮارى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮫ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬"‫ﻛﯿﻤﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬"‫وھﻰ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮاري‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘﺎز‬‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬:-
‫اﻷوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬:‫اﻟﺮﻏﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬"‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮم‬"
‫ﺻﺐ‬‫ﯾﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻤﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬٣‫ﺑﻤﻌﺪل‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬١‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﻮﯾﺔ‬.‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﮭﺎ‬ ‫إﺳﻤﻨﺘﯿﺔ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻘﻞ‬٢‫ﺳﻢ‬.
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬:‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻮﺛﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫رش‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻮﺛﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫رش‬٥‫ﺳﻢ‬‫و‬‫واﻗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪھﺎﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬.
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬:‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻏﻤ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮب‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺪادات‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰارﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺎر‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬.‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮﯾﺪ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﮭﯿﺪا‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﯿﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮوﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮب‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬.
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬:‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬"‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮﯾﺪ‬"
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻮل‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬.

63. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٥٧‫؟‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺮارى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬

64. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٥٨‫اﻟﻘﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬"‫اﻟﺒﺪروم‬"‫؟‬ ‫وﻟﻤﺎذا‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬

65. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٥٩‫اﻟﺮﻏﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ھﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ﻋﯿﻮﺑﮭﺎ‬‫؟‬
‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ھﻮﺋﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼطﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﻮدى‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼطﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻄﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬
‫ﯾﻮدى‬ ‫وھﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫وﺧﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬ ‫ذﯾﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬:-
١-‫ﻟﻼﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻮل‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
٢-‫ﻟﻼﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارى‬ ‫ﻋﺰل‬
٣-‫وﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬
‫ﻋﯿﻮﺑﮭﺎ‬:-
١-‫اﻟﺘﻜﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ھﺸﺔ‬
٢-‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﻘﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﯾﮫ‬
٣-‫اﻟﻔﻘﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺬه‬

66. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٦٠‫ﻓ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﺎﺋﺪﺗﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬:-
١-‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬Construction Joint
‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬،‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫و‬
‫اﻷﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺺ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬Minimum Shear‫اﻷر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬‫ﺿﯿﺎت‬….
٢-‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬Expansion Joint
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪث‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬.
‫ﻓﯿﮭ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﮭﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫وﯾﺠﺐ‬‫اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮة‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
Horizontal stress‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫وأﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺤﺪد‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ‬..‫ﺷﺒﺎﺑﯿﻚ‬ ‫أﺑﻮاب‬…‫اﻟﺦ‬
٣-‫اﻟﮭﺒﻮط‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬Settlement Joint
‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬‫راﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫إزاﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ھﺒﻮط‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬Vertical Displacement‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺳﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫طﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺎطﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺒﻮط‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮزن‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫أﺟﺰاء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
٢‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺪأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬‫واﻟﻨﺪي‬ ‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎطﺎت‬ ‫اﺧﺬ‬ ‫وﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫اﻷدوار‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺮورا‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﻨﺘﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬.
٤-‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬Isolation Joints
‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬،‫ﺗﺴﻤ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ھﺒﻮط‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮي‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬.
٥-‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬Control Joint
‫ﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮاري‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوخ‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎط‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎح‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬
‫ﺑﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﮭﺒﻮط‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼطﺔ‬
٦-‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻔﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬Pressure Reliving Joint
‫اﻟﺴﺘﺎﺋﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺴﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻹطﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻜﺴﻮة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻔﯿﻒ‬ ‫إﻟﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﮭﺪف‬،‫اﻟﺮﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺴﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻈﮭﺮ‬…............‫اﻟﺦ‬
٧-‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬‫زﻟﺰاﻟﻰ‬seismic joint
‫ﻟﻠﺰﻻزل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺼﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬٥‫ﺳﻢ‬...........

67. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬

68. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٦١‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺒﻮط‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺰﻻزل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﺟﺰاء‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدم‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮا‬ ‫ﺿﺮرا‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺼﻨﺢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫زﻟﺰاﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫زﻟﺰاﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬‫و‬‫اﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬٥٠%‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎء‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫او‬‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬.

69. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٦٢‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﺪار‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬"٥–١٠"‫؟‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺜﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺰال‬ ‫ھﻮ‬)‫ﺑﻠﺒﻞ‬(‫أن‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺮﺿﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎذا‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﺪار‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﯿﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬ ‫أﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬١٠‫اﻟﺤ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬‫ﺑﺎﻋﺎده‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺻﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺔ‬١٠‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺎرض‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﺪار‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬.

70. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٦٣‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺎدى‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬:
‫ﻋﺰل‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻻرﺿﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬:
‫ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎرى‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬٣‫ﻋﺎدى‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻮف‬

71. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٦٤‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻌﺎر‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
-‫اﻟ‬‫ﻌﻈﻢ‬............٤٥٠‫اﻟﻰ‬٦٠٠‫﷼‬/‫م‬٢
-‫اﻟ‬‫ﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒ‬‫ﺎت‬........٨٠٠‫اﻟﻰ‬١٢٠٠‫﷼‬/‫م‬٢
-‫اﻟﺴﻮر‬..........٤٥‫اﻟﻰ‬٦٠‫﷼‬/‫م‬.‫ط‬

72. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٦٥‫؟‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺒﻮﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻟﻂ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻼم‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬..........

73. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٦٦‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺸﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
panelled beam ١-
٣-flat slabs
٤-hollow block slabs
٥-solids slabs
٦-double tee slab
٧-waffle slab

74. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٦٧‫ﻗﺺ‬ ‫اﺟﮭﺎد‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬"shear stress"‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬shear stress ‫اﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬‫ﺟﺪاااا‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻤﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ا‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ال‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫وﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺮض‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺧﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫دراﺳﺘﻨﺎ‬
shear ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮض‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫ھﺘﺒﻘﺎ‬b ‫ال‬ ‫و‬ shear stress‫ﻋﻜﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬

75. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٦٨‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬footing&foundation‫؟‬
‫اوﻻ‬:footing
‫ھﻰ‬‫اﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫وأﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺼﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫وﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:foundation
‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻘﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫ھﻰ‬‫واﻟﺪﻋﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﻮازﯾﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﺴﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬

76. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٦٩‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬" tie beam "-"strap beam"‫؟‬
‫اوﻻ‬:strap beam
‫ھﻮ‬"‫اﻟﺸﺪاد‬"‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫وﻓﻜﺮة‬ ،، ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ،،، ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أي‬ ، ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰوم‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬
‫ھ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي‬ ‫ﻮ‬
‫اوﻻ‬:tie beam
‫ھﻮ‬"‫اﻟﺸﺪاد‬"‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﺷﮭﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ، ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬
‫اﻧﺒ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻻرﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫وﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺳﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﺄﺳﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻌﺎج‬
(buckling)‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫وﻓﻜﺮة‬ ،، ‫ﻟﻼﻋﻤﺪة‬(strap beam)‫ﻟﻘﻮى‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮض‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ،
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬)‫ﻣﺤﻮرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮى‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬(‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﻣﻮزع‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫وھﺬا‬ ،،
‫اﺿﻼﻋﮫ‬‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬

77. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٧٠‫؟‬ ‫وﻟﻤﺎذا‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺪاد‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫رﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫وﻟﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰم‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬه‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪاد‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬه‬‫ﻛﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺳﺌﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫وان‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻼﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺪاد‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺮﺿﺎت‬ ‫ن‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﺪوران‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬

78. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٧١‫اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﺟﺎرة‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬"‫؟‬

79. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٧٢‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻدوار‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺼﻠﺢ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯿﮫ‬
‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻔﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮوف‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫وھﻮ‬
‫ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮه‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﮫ‬ ‫اﻛﺘﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺒﺎب‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻮال‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬‫اﻟﺘﺼﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻌﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﮫ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻻزﻣﮫ‬ ‫اﻻدوار‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮف‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﮭﻨﺪس‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻮد‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬SHORING
‫ادوار‬ ‫ارﺑﻊ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﯾﻮزع‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬

80. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٧٣‫؟‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫وظﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻗﺴﺎم‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
١-‫اﻻﻧﺸﺎءات‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﮫ‬:‫ﺗﮭ‬‫اﻟﺴﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﻧﺎطﺤﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺪود‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬....
............ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬:‫ﺗﺤﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫واﻧﻮاﻋﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاص‬ ‫ﺗﺪرس‬ ٢-
٣-‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬:‫واﻟﺸﻮارع‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺎرات‬ ‫وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻔﻠﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺗﺪرس‬.............
٤-‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬:‫وﺗﺎﺛ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺎة‬ ‫ﺗﺪرس‬‫واﻻﻣﻄﺎر‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺪود‬ ‫اﻻﻧﮭﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎة‬ ‫وﻗﯿﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯿﺮھﺎ‬..........
٥-‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬:‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫واﻻﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺪرس‬........
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻮره‬ ‫اﺟﮭﺰه‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﺪرس‬....... ٦-
٨-‫ﺻﺤﯿﮫ‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫وﻣﺤﻄﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﺺ‬.............
٩-‫اﻟﺮي‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬:‫أﻧﻮا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﺺ‬‫اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮي‬ ‫ع‬..........
١٠-‫ا‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻻدارة‬:‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫وإدارة‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫وأﺳﺮع‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت‬ ‫وﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﺺ‬
١١-‫اﻟﺴﺪود‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬:‫ﺗﺨﺘﺺ‬‫واﻟﺒﻨ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄت‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﯿﮫ‬‫واﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺘﯿﺔ‬................

81. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٧٤‫ﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‬ ‫اھﻢ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﮭﻨﺪس‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
-1‫اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ‬‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎره‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬
-2‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪات‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻹﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫وھﺬا‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬٦٠‫او‬٧٠‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
-3‫اﻷﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫وﻓﻮق‬ ‫اﻟﻼﻛﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎره‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻧﯿﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬
-4‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎو‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎره‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺗﯿﺮ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻢ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻼﻛﻤﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ر‬
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬
-5‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫أﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺠﯿﻂ‬
-6‫ﺗﻮﻗﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎور‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﯿﺲ‬‫اﻟﺮﯾﺠﺔ‬)‫اﻟﺨﻨﺰﯾﺮة‬)
-7‫اﻟﻜﻮاﺑﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎره‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻮﻛﮫ‬)‫اﻟﺨﻮارج‬(‫أﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬)‫رﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮي‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬(‫وﻗﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫طﻮل‬ ‫وﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﻤﺘﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫وإﺳﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫وﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬
-8‫اﻟﻤﺮﻣﺎت‬
‫ﯾﻘﺼ‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎرة‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫أﺟﺰاء‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻮاﻋﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻣﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬)‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎح‬(‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﺮﻣﺎت‬ ‫واﻷﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫أﺟﺰاء‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫وھﻜﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻰ‬-----
-‫ﻣﺪﻣﺎك‬:‫اﻟﻄﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻒ‬
-‫ﺷﻨﺎوي‬:‫اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫طﻮل‬ ‫ھﻮ‬٢٥‫او‬٢٠‫أﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
-‫أدى‬:‫وﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫ھﻮ‬١٢‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
-‫ﻋﺮاﻣﯿﺲ‬:‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮب‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺘﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬٠.٥‫ل‬١.٠‫ﺳﻢ‬
-‫اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺤﯿﻞ‬:‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﻨﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﺪ‬)‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﮭﺔ‬(‫ﻟﻠﺒ‬ ‫طﺮق‬ ‫وھﻨﺎك‬‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺎء‬
‫اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫وھﻨﺎك‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬
-‫ﻣﺮﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎم‬:‫ﻣﯿﺴﻘﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﺎﺑﯿﻚ‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوز‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﺎك‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫اﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﮫ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬
-‫اﻟﺘﺮوﯾﺴﮫ‬:‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫وھﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺎك‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫طﻮﺑﮫ‬ ‫واﺧﺮ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ھﻰ‬‫ﺑﺎﻗﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺮص‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎوى‬ ‫اﻟﺨﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻤﺪﻣﺎك‬
‫اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺮى‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫واﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫اﺧﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰى‬ ‫اﺷﮭﺮھﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮه‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺎك‬
‫اﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﻖ‬ ‫ورﺑﺎط‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﻤﻨﻜﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﻘﮫ‬ ‫رﺑﺎط‬ ‫وھﻨﺎك‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﻤﻨﻜﻰ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﮫ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫وھﻨﺎك‬‫اﻟﺸﻨﺎوى‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫واﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺎط‬ ‫وھﻨﺎك‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
-‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫أﻟﺰﻣﺖ‬:‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫زاوﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺪان‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وھﻰ‬
-‫ﺷﻠﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻨﺔ‬
-‫ﻋﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻌﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫وھﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫أول‬ ‫وھﻰ‬‫ﺳﯿﺦ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﮭﺎ‬
-‫ﺣﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫وھﻰ‬
-‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫وﻓﺎﺋﺪﺗﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺎوي‬ ‫وطﻮﻟﮫ‬ ‫وﻧﮭﺎﯾﺘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﺎف‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻨﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬

82. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
-‫وﺗﺴﺎوي‬ ‫واﻟﻨﺠﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺮك‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﮫ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻮص‬٢.٥‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪي‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫ﻻﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺪأ‬
-‫ﺑﻼﺳﺘﯿﻚ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﮫ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﻜﻮﺗﮫ‬)‫اﺑﯿﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺳﺘﯿﻚ‬ ‫وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬(‫وﻣﻘﺎﺳﮭﺎ‬٥*٥*٢.٥‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻮص‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻻﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻄﺎء‬
-‫اطﻮاﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫وﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ھﺬة‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﻀﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪه‬ ‫وﺻﻠﮫ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻗﺼﯿﺮة‬)‫اﻻﺷﺎﯾﺮ‬(‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺎوي‬
٤٠‫ال‬٦٠‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‬
-‫وﺑﻌﻀﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻂ‬
-‫اﻟﺘﻮﺿﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﮭﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼم‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼم‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺷﯿﺢ‬
-‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻨﯿﺖ‬‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﮭﻮﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺒﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪه‬
-‫ﺑﺰاوي‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﺤﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﯿﺎخ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﯾﺪه‬٤٥‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮ‬ ‫درﺟﮫ‬٦٠‫وزاوﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬٦٠‫زﯾﺎده‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬٦٠‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮة‬
-‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪل‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻨﺎح‬
-‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻖ‬‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
-‫واﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬
-‫واﻟﺴﻤﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوران‬
-‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮش‬
-‫اﻟﻔﺮش‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻄﺎء‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼطﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ‬
-‫اﻻوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎدي‬)‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎدي‬ ‫وﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫درﺟﮫ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬)
-‫اﻻﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎھﻲ‬
-‫اﻟﺪوران‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮﯾﺪه‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎء‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮﯾﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻨﺎح‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﯿﺰون‬
-‫اﻟﻜﺮﻓﺘ‬‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﮫ‬ ‫وﺣﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺦ‬ ‫ﮫ‬
-‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼطﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫أروﻧﺠﻲ‬
-‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄد‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﯿﻌﻲ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﺠﻲ‬)‫ﺑﺎﻹدة‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬(‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺪوي‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
-‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﺮق‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻟﻮح‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻹدة‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎض‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎط‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬ ‫ﻦ‬)‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎرة‬(‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻼم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻼﻣﮫ‬
-‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫اﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻣﺎت‬‫اﻟﺘﺮﻣﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬....‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮى‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫اﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫وأﺿﯿﻒ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬......‫وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫أﺷﺒﮫ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬
-‫ﻣﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻔﻖ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬‫ﺧﻼﻓﮫ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻤﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﯿﺪ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﻦ‬
-‫اي‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﻲء‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺻﻮار‬

83. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٧٥‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬٢٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬/‫؟‬ ‫ﯾﻮم‬
‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬=١٠‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬.
‫اﻟﯿﻮﻣﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬=١٠‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬×٢٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬=٢٠٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬/‫ﯾﻮم‬
‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬٦٠‫ﯾﻮم‬
‫اﻻﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬=٦٠×٢٠٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬=١٢٠,٠٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫وﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬=٨٠%‫ﻟﻠﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺒﯿﺎرة‬=٠.٨×١٢٠,٠٠٠=٩٦,٠٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺒﯿﺎرة‬=٩٦‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬=‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬/‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺮاض‬٤‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬=٩٦‫م‬٣/٤‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬=٢٤‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬=٥‫م‬×٥‫م‬×٤‫م‬

84. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٧٦‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺨﺰان‬‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬٢٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬/‫؟‬ ‫ﯾﻮم‬
‫ﻋﺪد‬‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬=١٠‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬.
‫اﻟﯿﻮﻣﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬=١٠‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬×٢٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬=٢٠٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬/‫ﯾﻮم‬
‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬٣٠‫ﯾﻮم‬
‫اﻻﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬=٣٠×٢٠٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬=٦٠,٠٠٠‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫اﻟﺨﺰان‬=٦٠‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺨﺰان‬=‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫اﻟﺨﺰان‬/‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺮاض‬٤‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬=٦٠‫م‬٣/٤‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬=١٥‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎرة‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬=٤‫م‬×٤‫م‬×٤‫م‬

85. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٧٧‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺰان‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ‬‫؟‬
ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﮭﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻀﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎره‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫اﺛ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاغ‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫و‬‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻨﺎء‬

86. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٧٨‫؟‬ ‫ﺳﻜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح‬٦٠%

87. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٧٩‫؟‬ ‫اﺻﻼﺣﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫اوﻻ‬:‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬٣‫ﻣﻢ‬
‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬:-
١-‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺮف‬)٧(‫ﻗﻮﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮخ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻞء‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎم‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬)‫ورﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬١:١(
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﺗﻨﻜﻤﺶ‬
٢-‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
٣-‫ﺿﺮورة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎض‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﻻﺻﻖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻗﻮي‬ ‫دھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫ﺷﺮوخ‬‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬٣‫ﻣﻢ‬
‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬:-
1-‫ﻣﻞء‬ ‫واﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻞء‬ ‫وھﺬا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﮫ‬ ‫وﻣﻠﺌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻠﺒﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺰرﯾﺮھﺎ‬٢-٣‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬-‫وھﺬا‬
‫اﻻﺻﻼح‬‫ارﺗﻔﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﯾﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺬات‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬‫ﻛﻠﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﮭﺎ‬
٢-‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻨﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮخ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮض‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻦ‬
‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺰرﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎﺷﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻠﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮب‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻜﮭﺎ‬
٣-‫اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎض‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﻻﺻﻖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻗﻮي‬ ‫دھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺿﺮورة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﮫ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬:-
١-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺮض‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﮫ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬٧-١٠‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯿﮫ‬ ‫ورده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻗﻼووظ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻣﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﮫ‬ ‫وﺗﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮخ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮل‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎض‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎره‬‫ﻗﻮﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮﻧﮫ‬)‫ورﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬١:١(
٢-‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎض‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﻻﺻﻖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻗﻮي‬ ‫دھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺿﺮورة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬

88. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٨٠‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫اﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﮫ‬"‫؟‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺟﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﻠﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫واﻋﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫اﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬ ‫م‬
‫اﻻﺳﻘﻒ‬)‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪور‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬(‫اﻻدوار‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻨﺪ‬-‫ﻟﻼﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬-‫اﻻدوار‬ ‫اي‬
‫اوﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﮫ‬

89. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٨١‫؟‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬
‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ان‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬‫ﯾﻮدى‬ ‫ﻻﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻂ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺎﺋﻰ‬‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮور‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻘﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﮫ‬ ‫وﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻮدة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬...........

90. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٨٢‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدى‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮردى‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﻋﯿﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰات‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات‬:-
١-‫ﻣ‬‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫ﺧﻔﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺎده‬
٢-‫اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬
٣-‫ﺟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارى‬ ‫ﻋﺎزل‬
٤-‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ازاﻟﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﯿﻮب‬:-
١-‫اﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬
٢-‫اﻻﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬
٣-‫واﻟﻔﺌﺮان‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺸﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﺎوى‬

91. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٨٣‫أ‬‫ﻟﻼﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﮭﻤﺎ‬"‫اﻟﺒﺎرد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬" "‫اﻟﺤﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬"‫وﻟﻤﺎذا‬‫؟‬
‫اﻻ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬
١-‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎرد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬"‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻀﺎف‬‫اﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوﺟﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﺒﺔ‬‫اﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﯾﻀﯿﻒ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻗﻮاﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺰوﺟﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻮدى‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎرد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯿﺎت‬‫ﮫ‬
٢-‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺘﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻮرﯾﺪات‬ ‫اﻣﻼح‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎرد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬........
٣-‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎذﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬.........
٤-‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬‫ھﯿﺠﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﯿﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﮫ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺮ‬ ‫دﺧﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻨﮫ‬ ‫وﺑﯿﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫ن‬........
٥-‫اﻟﺒﺎرد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﺘﺼﺎق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرة‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬........
٦-‫واﻟﻔﻄﺮﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺸﺮات‬ ‫طﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرة‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬.........

92. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٨٤‫ا‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺳﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻄﺎ‬‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬
‫اﻟﺘﺄﺳﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬.............
١-‫ﺑﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﺮق‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬‫ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ‬
٢-‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫رﻗﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ‬
٣-‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫اﺣﻼل‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻓﺎن‬‫ﺤﯿﺢ‬

93. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٨٥‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎس‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫اﻋﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺪران‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت‬ ‫دھﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺴﮭﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻊ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﺘﺼﺎق‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺆﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪھﺎن‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬

94. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٨٦‫اﻟﻠﯿﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺪء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"‫اﻟﺸﺘﺎء‬"‫او‬"‫اﻟﺼﯿﻒ‬"‫؟‬
"‫اﻟﺼﯿﻒ‬................ "‫اﺳﺒﻮﻋﯿﻦ‬
"‫اﻟﺸﺘﺎء‬................. "٣‫اﺳﺎﺑﯿﻊ‬

95. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٨٧‫واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺪران‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬)‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒﺎت‬(‫؟‬
١-‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫إﻋﻄﺎء‬
‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﮭﯿﻞ‬ ٢-
٣-‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻨﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫إن‬‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﮫ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺗﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫وﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫إﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬ ٤-
-‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬‫اﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻣﻠﺲ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻤﺲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬ ٥
٦-‫واﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺒﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺔ‬

96. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٨٨‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺪھﺎﻧﺎت‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﮫ‬
١-‫اﻟﺰﯾﺘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت‬:
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺳﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻷﻏﺮاض‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ، ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫طﻼﺋﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺰ‬ ‫اﻛﺴﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻤﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺤﺘﺎج‬ ‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺬرة‬ ‫زﯾﺖ‬‫ﻟﻄﻼء‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ، ‫ﻧﻚ‬
‫ودھﺎن‬ ‫واﻷﺳﻤﻨﺘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻄﻮح‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬
٢-‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻠﺒﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت‬:
‫اﻟﺪھﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬‫ﺎت‬‫داﺧﻠﯿﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬ ‫وﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ، ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻞ‬
‫وﺧﺎرﺟﯿﺎ‬ .
٣-‫اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎ‬‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ت‬:
‫رﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ، ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺪھﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫طﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮة‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺜﺒﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﻤﺘﺎز‬ ، ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫واﻟﺴﯿﺎرات‬ ‫واﻟﺴﯿﺎرات‬ ‫واﻵﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫طﻼء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
٤-‫اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻮﻟﻮزي‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬:
‫اﻷ‬ ‫طﻼء‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻮﻟﻮزﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫وأھﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺧﺸﺎب‬:١-‫اﻟﻮرﻧﯿﺶ‬٢-‫اﻟﻼﻛﺮ‬
٥-‫دھﺎﻧﺎت‬"‫ﺟﯿﻢ‬٦"
: ‫طﺒﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﺎن‬ ‫وھﺬا‬ ، ‫اﻟﺴﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘﺰج‬ ‫وأﺻﺒﺎغ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﺞ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻷﺳﺎس‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺔ‬( ).

97. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٨٩‫ا‬ ‫دھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮق‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺪران‬
١-‫اﻟﻠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﯾﺖ‬ ‫دھﺎﻧﺎت‬
٢-‫اﻟﺠﯿﺮ‬ ‫دھﺎﻧﺎت‬
٣-‫اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﯿﻚ‬ ‫دھﺎﻧﺎت‬
٤-‫اﻟﺠﯿﺮ‬ ‫دھﺎﻧﺎت‬

98. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٩٠‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪك‬٢*٣‫م‬............‫؟‬ ‫وﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫اى‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ھﯿﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮش‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮش‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬)‫اﻟ‬‫اﻟﻜﺒ‬ ‫ﻌﺮض‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﺮ‬٣‫م‬(‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬،‫اﻟ‬‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻄﺎء‬ ‫ﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬)‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮض‬٢‫م‬..........(‫وﺳﺒﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮش‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬..........‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬.......‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻻﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﺰم‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬.......‫وﻣﻨﻄﻘﯿﺎ‬
‫اﻗﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ان‬‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻞ‬

99. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
"‫؟‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻟﻤﺎذا‬ Slump test ‫س‬٩١‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬"
١-‫اﻟﻤﺨﺮوط‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬...‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ‬٣٠‫ﺳﻢ‬....‫وﻗﻄﺮ‬٣٠‫اﻻﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬٢٠‫ﺳﻢ‬........
٢-‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺎرة‬ ‫وﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬......‫ﻋﯿﻨﮫ‬ ‫وﺗﺎﺧﺪ‬
٣-‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎروف‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬٣‫طﺒﻘﺎت‬‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬٢٠‫ﺳﻢ‬
٤-‫ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫طﺒﻘﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫دﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬٦٠‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬٢٥‫طﺒﻘﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮة‬
٥-‫ﻣﺴﻄﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺤﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻮﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺮوط‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
٦-‫اﻟﮭﺒﻮط‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫وﻗﯿﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻮار‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬........‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﺬﯾﺪ‬١٢‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪا‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫م‬
‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﮫ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺪف‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة‬ ‫............واﻋﺎدة‬ ‫رﻓﻀﮭﺎ‬

100. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٩٢‫؟‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﯿﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺧﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﯿﺠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎم‬ ‫وﻛﻞ‬
‫اﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬٦‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت‬)‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺪف‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬(‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬)‫ارﺿﯿﮫ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺪه‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪه‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬(‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬
............‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻌﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬)٣‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت‬٧‫اﯾﺎم‬(‫اﻟﺘﻜﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫واﺧﺬ‬)........٣‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت‬٢٨‫ﯾﻮم‬(‫اﻟﺘﻜﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫واﺧﺬ‬
............‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻰ‬١٠٠‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﻮم‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬

101. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
"‫اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬"‫؟‬ ‫س‬٩٣‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻤﺎل‬
Wall
conc
H.B
slab
Flat
slab
Soild
slab
G.beam column footing ‫اﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬
       
Wall
conc
H.B
slab
Flat
slab
Soild
slab
G.beam column footing ‫اﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬
       
celling E . walls I . walls
‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒﺎت‬
   
Block
20cm
Block
15cm
Block
10cm
‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒﺎت‬
   
  
‫اﻋﻤﺎ‬‫ل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒﺎت‬
   
‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒﺎت‬

‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒﺎت‬

 ground walls
‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒﺎت‬
   
ground walls
‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒﺎت‬
  
celling
‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺒﺎت‬


102. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬94‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻻدوار‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮر‬‫وھﻞ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬‫واﺣﺪ‬‫او‬‫اﺗﺠﺎھﯿﻦ‬‫؟‬
‫اوﻻ‬:‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬‫واﺣﺪ‬
١-‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬٥‫ﺳﻢ‬:١٠‫ﺳﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬‫واﺣﺪ‬
٢-‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﺮف‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد‬)‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬‫ﺑﻜﻤﺮه‬(
٣-‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻞ‬
٤-‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫دورﯾﻦ‬
‫اوﻻ‬:‫اﺗﺠﺎھﯿﻦ‬
١-‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬٥‫ﺳﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻛﻼ‬‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬
٢-‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﺮف‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد‬)‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬‫ﺑﻜﻤﺮه‬(
٣-‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﯿﻦ‬
٤-‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫دورﯾﻦ‬

103. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٩٥‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﻘ‬‫ﻤﯿﺺ‬‫ﻟﻼﻋﻤﺪة‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﮫ‬‫؟‬
١-‫ﯾﺰال‬‫اﻟﻐﻄﺎء‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد‬
٢-‫ﺗﺰرع‬‫اﺷﺎﯾﺮ‬‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠﺪه‬‫ﻟﻠﻘﻤﯿﺺ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﯿﻦ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬٢٥–٥٠‫ﺳﻢ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺛﻘﻮب‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬‫ﺑﻘﻄﺮ‬‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬٢‫ﻣﻢ‬‫وﺑﻌﻤﻖ‬‫ﻛﺎف‬‫ﻟﺘﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬‫اﻻﺷﺎﯾﺮ‬‫أي‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺣﺪود‬‫ﻣﻦ‬٥‫إﻟﻰ‬٧‫ﻣﺮات‬‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬‫اﻻﺷﺎﯾﺮ‬
٣-‫ﺗﻨﻈﻒ‬‫اﻟﺜﻘﻮب‬‫ﺟﯿﺪا‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﮭﻮاء‬‫اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮط‬‫وﺗﻤﻼء‬‫ﺑﻤﺎده‬‫اﯾﺒﻮﻛﺴﯿﮫ‬‫راﺑﻄﮫ‬‫وﺗﺰرع‬‫اﻻﺷﺎره‬‫وﯾﺮاﻋﻰ‬‫ان‬‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬‫اﻻﺷﺎره‬‫ﺑﻄﻮل‬‫ﻛﺎﻓﻰ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺑﻄﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠﺪه‬‫ﻟﻠﻘﻤﯿﺺ‬‫ﺑﺮﺑﺎط‬‫ﺳﻠﻚ‬
٤-‫ﯾﻨﻈﻒ‬‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺼﺪأ‬‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬‫دھﺎﻧﮫ‬‫ﺑﻤﺎدة‬‫اﯾﺒﻮﻛﺴﻰ‬
٥-‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬‫ﺛﻢ‬‫اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺎت‬‫طﺒﻘﺎ‬‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤ‬‫ﯿﻢ‬‫ﻗﻤﯿﺺ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
٦-‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫دھﺎن‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬‫ﺑﻤﺎده‬‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬‫اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬‫اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﮫ‬‫ﺧﻼل‬‫ﺳﺎﻋﮫ‬‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬
٧-‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺻﺐ‬‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬‫اﻟﻘﻤﯿﺺ‬‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﻣﺪﻓﻊ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬‫او‬‫ﯾﺘﺮك‬‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ‬‫اﻟﻘﻤﺼﺎن‬‫ﻟﺼﺐ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮﻧﮫ‬‫اﻟﻼﺻﻘﮫ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ان‬
‫ﯾﺒﺪا‬‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﺳﻔﻞ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬
٨-‫ﯾﺼﺐ‬‫اﻟﻘﻤﯿﺺ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺮﺳﺎﻧﮫ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺮﻛﺎم‬‫اﻟﺮﻓﯿﻊ‬)‫اﻟﻔﯿﻨﻮ‬(‫واﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬‫واﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﮫ‬‫ﻻﺗﻘﻞ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬٤٠٠‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬/‫م‬٣‫واﻻﺿﺎﻓﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻌﮫ‬‫ﻟﻼﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬

104. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٩٦‫اﺳﺒﺎب‬‫ظﮭﻮر‬‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق‬‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‬‫ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬‫؟‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬‫ﻋﺪم‬‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬‫وﻋﺪم‬‫ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺘﮫ‬‫ﺑﺸﺮﯾﺤﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬"١×٤"‫و‬‫ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬‫واﺣﺪة‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫او‬‫ﺑﺸﺮﯾﺤﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻻﻟﻤﻮﻧﯿﻮم‬‫ﺑﻌﺮض‬١٠‫ﺳﻢ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫اﻻﻗﻞ‬‫و‬‫ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬‫واﺣﺪة‬‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻣﻼء‬‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ‬‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫اﻟﺴﯿﻠﻜﻮن‬.

105. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٩٧‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻰ‬‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬‫وﻣﺘﻰ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫وﺿﻌﮭﺎ‬‫وﻟﻤﺎذا‬‫وﻣﺎذا‬‫ﯾﻜﺘﺐ‬‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬‫؟‬
‫اوﻻ‬:‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫ھﻰ‬‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع‬‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬‫داﺋﻤﺎ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬‫واﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬‫واﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎرى‬‫واﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻐﺮﯾﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬‫اذا‬‫اھﻤﻞ‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
١-‫اﺳﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
٢-‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
٣-‫ﺻﻮرة‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
٤-‫ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
٥-‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
٦-‫ﻣﺪة‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
٧-‫ﻣﺪة‬‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪﯾﺪ‬
٨-‫اﺳﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬
٩-‫اﺳﻢ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎ‬‫رى‬
١٠-‫اﺳﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬
١-‫ﺑﺠﻮار‬‫ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪﺳﯿﻦ‬
٢-‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬)‫اﻟﻮاﺟﮭﮫ‬(
٣-‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬‫ﻣﻜﺸﻮف‬‫ﯾﺴﻤﺢ‬‫ﻣﺸﺎھﺪﺗﮫ‬‫ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎت‬
١-‫ﻣﻘﺎس‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬٣×٤‫م‬
٢-‫ﻣﻘﺎس‬‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‬١٠×١٠×٢٠‫ﺳﻢ‬
٣-‫ﻣﻘﺎس‬‫اﻟﺸﺮاﺋﺢ‬٤٠×٣٠٠‫ﺳﻢ‬

106. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬

107. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬٩٨‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬"‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﺮش‬"‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
١-‫ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬‫ﻻﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬‫اﻟﺼﺒﺔ‬‫ﻟﺘﻌﻄﻲ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬‫ﻛﺘﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺪة‬‫وﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬
٢-‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬‫ﺗﺒﺨﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎة‬‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬‫ﻟﺘﺼﻠﺪ‬‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬)‫اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬‫ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬‫ﺷﺮوخ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬‫ﻗﻮة‬‫ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬‫ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫ﻛﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮوخ‬(
٣-‫اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﻣﯿﺎه‬‫ﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ‬‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬‫اﻣﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺨﺮ‬‫واﻟﺘﺼﻠﺪ‬)‫ﯾﺤﺘﺎج‬‫اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬‫ﺑﺸﺪة‬‫ﻟﯿﺴﺘﻜﻤﻞ‬‫ﺗﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬‫وﻓﻲ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﻧﻘﺺ‬
‫اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‬‫ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﺼﻠﺐ‬‫وﯾﻠﺰم‬‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬٩٠%‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻗﻮه‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ارﺑﻌﺔ‬‫اﺳﺎﺑﯿﻊ‬‫وال‬١٠%‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﺤﺼﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺪة‬‫ﺳﻨﻮات‬(

108. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬99‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻰ‬‫ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ‬‫ﺷﻤﯿﺪت‬‫وﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات‬‫واﻟﻌﯿﻮب‬‫؟‬
‫اوﻻ‬:‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﺷﻤﯿﺪت‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ‬‫اﻻرﺗﺪاد‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬Rebound Number‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬:
‫ﻣﺮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ارﺗﺪاد‬ ‫ﻗﻮة‬ ‫أن‬‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻄﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﻮة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬.‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺷﺎد‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫اﻻرﺗﺪاد‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬.
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
١-‫زرار‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻔﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك‬ ‫اﻟﺮأس‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬)( plunger
٢-‫ﯾﻮﺿﻊ‬‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬‫ﻋﻤﻮدﯾﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬‫اﻟﻤﺮاد‬‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎره‬
٣-‫ﯾﻀﻐﻂ‬‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬‫ﻓﺘﻨﺰﻟﻖ‬‫اﻟﺮأس‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫داﺧﻞ‬‫ﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬‫وﻗﺒﻞ‬‫اﺧﺘﻔﺎﺋﮭﺎ‬‫ﯾﻨﻔﻚ‬‫اﻟﺸﺎﻛﻮش‬‫وﯾﺤﺪث‬‫طﺮﻗﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﺮأس‬)‫ﺻﺪﻣﺔ‬.(
٤-‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬‫أن‬‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬‫ﻋﻤﻮدﯾﺎ‬‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﻠﻤﺲ‬‫اﻟﺰرار‬Button‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬.
٥-‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫اﻻﺻﺘﺪام‬‫ﯾﺮﺗﺪ‬‫اﻟﺸﺎﻛﻮش‬‫اﻟﻄﺎرق‬‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬‫ﯾﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﺻﻼدة‬‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬‫ﻣﺤﺮﻛﺎ‬‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ‬‫ﯾﺘﺤﺮك‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎس‬‫ﻟﺘﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬‫اﻻرﺗﺪاد‬.
٦-‫ﯾﻨﻘﻞ‬‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬‫أﺧﺮى‬‫و‬‫ﺗﻜﺮر‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬.
٧-‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫اﻧﺘﮭﺎء‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﯾﻌﺎد‬‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫وﺿﻌﮫ‬‫اﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬‫ﺑﺠﻌﻞ‬‫اﻟﺮأس‬‫داﺧﻞ‬‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬.
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات‬
١-‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬‫اﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮫ‬.
٢-‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻄﻰ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬.
٣-‫ﺗﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬.
٤-‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎطﺎت‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬‫ﻣﻌﻘﺪة‬.
٥-‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫أرﺧﺺ‬.
٦-‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺎق‬‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬
٧-‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺮﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬.
‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻌﯿﻮب‬
١-‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬
٢-‫اﺳﺘﺮﺷﺎدﯾﮫ‬ ‫واﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
٣-‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻏﺒﺎر‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬

109. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬

110. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫س‬١٠٠‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬‫واﯾﻦ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬‫ﻣﻮاد‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬‫اﻻﺑﯿﺾ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬‫اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬‫واﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬‫؟‬
‫اوﻻ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬
‫اﺳﻔﻞ‬‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫اﻻرﺿﯿﺎت‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬‫واﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫اﻟﺪﻓﺎن‬‫ﻟﻼرﺿﯿﺎت‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬‫ﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫اﻻرﺿﯿﺎت‬‫ﺑﻤﺪة‬‫ﻻﺗﺬﯾﺪ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬
‫ﯾﺴﺮى‬‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬١٥‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬‫وھ‬‫ﻰ‬‫اﻓﻀﻞ‬‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺎ‬

111. ‫م‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫اﺷﺮف‬‫س‬com.blogspot.civilq://http‫م‬.‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﺮاج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
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‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺌﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺬﯾﺪ‬)‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ‬(
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