atmosferuli haeris dacvaatmosferuli haeris dacva
noe megreliSvilinoe megreliSvili
atmosferuli haeris dacvis samsaxuriatmosferuli haeris dacvis samsaxuri
garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrogaremosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro
az ot i
78.1%
ar goni
da sxva
1.0%
Jangbadi
20.9%
haeris Semadgenlobahaeris Semadgenloba
 nebismieri nivTiereba, romelic
haerSia, magram ar aris misi bunebrivi
Semadgeneli nawili
 an nivTiereba, romlis koncentraciac
imaze metia vidre es bunebrivad unda
iyos
haeris dabinZurebahaeris dabinZureba
SeiZleba iyos or fizikur formaSi:
• myari nawilaki
_ rogoric aris Wvartli da mtveri
• airi
_ rogoric aris naxSiJangi da gogirdis
orJangi
haeris damabinZureblebihaeris damabinZureblebi
 pirveladi damabinZureblebi
_ haerSi arian imave qimiuri formiT
rogorebic maTi gafrqvevis wyarodan
gamoyofisas iyvnen
 meoradi damabinZureblebi
_ warmoiqmnebian pirveladi
damabinZureblebi haerSi qimiuri
transformaciis Sedegad
haeris damabinZureblebihaeris damabinZureblebi
atmosferuli haeris mavne nivTierebebiTatmosferuli haeris mavne nivTierebebiT
dabinZurebis saxeebidabinZurebis saxeebi
  
  
 stacionaruli wyaroebistacionaruli wyaroebi
 mobiluri wyaroebimobiluri wyaroebi
 dispersiuli wyaroebidispersiuli wyaroebi
 mcire masStabis wyaroebimcire masStabis wyaroebi
stacionaruli wyaroebistacionaruli wyaroebi
mobiluri wyaroebimobiluri wyaroebi
dispersiuli wyaroebidispersiuli wyaroebi
mcire masStabis wyaroebimcire masStabis wyaroebi
donora, pensilvania (aSS) 1948 w.
mosaxleobis 43% daavadda, 20
adamiani gardaicvala.
londoni inglisi 1952 w. 5 dekembridan 9
dekembramde 3000-dan 4000-mde
gardacvlili.
bopali, indoeTi 1984 w. 30 tona meTil
izocianidis gaJonvam2000-ze meti
adamianis sicocxle imsxverpla.
Cernobili, yofili sabWoTa kavSiri 1986 w.
radiaciis gavrceleba. gardaicvala sadguris 30
muSaki, milionobiT daavadda.
 myari nawilakebi
 gogirdis orJangi
 azotis Jangeulebi
 naxSirJangi
 ozoni
 tyvia
ZiriTadi damabinZureblebiZiriTadi damabinZureblebi
 haeSi Sewonili myari an Txevadi
nawilakebi;
 wyaroebi: dizelze momuSave
mowyobilobebi, Tboeleqtrosadgurebi,
qaris mier gadatanili mtveri, naxerxis
mtveri da a.S.
 rac ufro mcirea nawilaki miT Rrmad
aRwevs igi filtvebSi;
myari nawilakebi
 gogirdisa da Jangbadisagan Semdgari
ufero nivTiereba;
 wyaroebi: Tboeleqtrosadgurebi, Rumlebi
da gadamamuSavebeli sawarmebi
romlebic sawvavad gamoiyeneben
naxSirs;
 aRizianebs sasunTq sistemas;
 uerTdeba myad nawilakebs da tens,
warmoqmnis mJavur wvimebs;
gogirdis orJangi
 Ria yavisferi, azotisa da Jangbadis
airovani naerTi;
 wyaroebi: motorizebuli transporti,
Tboeleqtrosadgurebi da Rumlebi, sadac
sawvavad gamoiyeneben naxSirs;
 aRizianebs sasunTq sistemas;
 mizispira ozonis (smogi) da mJavuri
wvimebis warmoqmnis komponenti;
azotis Jangeulebi
 ufero, Jangbadis sami atomisagan Semdgari
airi;
 meoradi damabinZurebeli, romelic
warmoiqmneba Jangbadis, aqroladi organuli
anerTebisa da azotis Jangeulebis reaqciis
Sedegad mzis sinaTlis arsebobis pirobebSi;
 smogis umTavresi komponenti;
 iwvevs sunTqvis problemebs, azianebs
mcenareebs da xelovnebis nimuSebs;
ozoni: miwispira anu
troposferuli
 ufero, usuno airi, romelic naxSirbadisa da
Jangbadisagan Sedgeba;
 wiaRiseuli sawvavis, SeSisa da sxva naxSiris
Semcveli masalebis arasruli wvis produqti.
 wyaroebi: motorizebuli transporti, navTsa da
SeSaze momuSave Rumlebi;
 amcirebs sisxlis unars gadaitanos Jangbadi;
 SeiZleba gamoiwvios moTenTva da daRliloba,
maRali koncentraciis pirobebSi iwvevs sikvdils.
naxSirJangi
 metali, myari momwamlavi damabinZurebeli;
 wyaroebi: avtotransportSi gamoyenebuli
tyviaSemcveli sawvavi, metalurgiuli warmoba da
wiaRiseul sawvavze momuSave
Tboeleqtrosadgurebi.
 Znelad gamodis organizmidan, aqvs Zvlebsa da
rbil qsovielbSi akumulirebis unari;
 bavSvebi ufro daucvelni arian mis mimarT;
tyvia
atmosferul haeris dabinZurebaatmosferul haeris dabinZureba
samsaxuris saqmianobis warmarTvissamsaxuris saqmianobis warmarTvis
safuZvlebisafuZvlebi
 ““garemos dacvis Sesaxeb”, “atmosferuli haerisgaremos dacvis Sesaxeb”, “atmosferuli haeris
dacvis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonebi dadacvis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonebi da
kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebi;kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebi;
 saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministros debuleba;saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministros debuleba;
 samsaxuris debuleba.samsaxuris debuleba.
saqmianobis warmarTvis ZiriTadisaqmianobis warmarTvis ZiriTadi
amocanebiamocanebi
 atmosferuli haeris dacvis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikisatmosferuli haeris dacvis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis
realizaciis uzrunvelyofa;realizaciis uzrunvelyofa;
 haerdacviTi RonisZiebebis prioritetul mimarTulebaTahaerdacviTi RonisZiebebis prioritetul mimarTulebaTa
gansazRvra da maTi ganxorcielebisaTvis gamiznulgansazRvra da maTi ganxorcielebisaTvis gamiznul
samuSaoTa Sesrulebis koordinacia;samuSaoTa Sesrulebis koordinacia;
 atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis wyaroebis da maT mieratmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis wyaroebis da maT mier
gafrqveul mavne nivTierebaTa inventarizaciis dagafrqveul mavne nivTierebaTa inventarizaciis da
normirebis, saxelmwifo aRricxvis angariSgebisa danormirebis, saxelmwifo aRricxvis angariSgebisa da
Sefasebis meTodologiuri safuZvlebis SemuSavebaSiSefasebis meTodologiuri safuZvlebis SemuSavebaSi
monawileoba;monawileoba;
 saerTaSoriso valdebulebebiT gaTvaliswinebulsaerTaSoriso valdebulebebiT gaTvaliswinebul
moTxovnaTa Sesrulebis organizeba.moTxovnaTa Sesrulebis organizeba.
mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevismavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevis
regulirebaregulireba
 mavne nivTierebaTa zRvruladmavne nivTierebaTa zRvrulad
dasaSvebi gafrqvevis normebis proeqtidasaSvebi gafrqvevis normebis proeqti
 dabinZurebis wyaroebis da maT mierdabinZurebis wyaroebis da maT mier
gafrqveul mavne nivTierebaTagafrqveul mavne nivTierebaTa
inventarizaciis teqnikuri angariSiinventarizaciis teqnikuri angariSi
mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebismavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis
saxelmwifo aRricxvasaxelmwifo aRricxva
 dgindeba qveynis masStabiT aRricxuli dadgindeba qveynis masStabiT aRricxuli da
identificirebuli atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebisidentificirebuli atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis
msxvili da saSualo stacionaruli obieqtebismsxvili da saSualo stacionaruli obieqtebis
CamonaTvaliCamonaTvali
 dgindeba qveynis masStabiT atmosferul haerSidgindeba qveynis masStabiT atmosferul haerSi
mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis rogorc jamurimavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis rogorc jamuri
monacemebi, aseve calkeuli regionebis, qalaqebismonacemebi, aseve calkeuli regionebis, qalaqebis
da ZiriTadi msxvili dambinZurebeli obieqtebisda ZiriTadi msxvili dambinZurebeli obieqtebis
mixedviTmixedviT
 calke krebulad mzaddeba mavne nivTierebaTacalke krebulad mzaddeba mavne nivTierebaTa
gafrqvevebis yovelwliuri angariSi.gafrqvevebis yovelwliuri angariSi.
ZiriTadi dambinZurebeli regionebis da qalaqebisZiriTadi dambinZurebeli regionebis da qalaqebis
wili qveynis dabinZurebaSiwili qveynis dabinZurebaSi
ZiriTadi dambinZurebeli sawarmoebis wiliZiriTadi dambinZurebeli sawarmoebis wili
qveynis dabinZurebaSiqveynis dabinZurebaSi
monitoringis sistema saqarTveloSimonitoringis sistema saqarTveloSi
PbPbMnOMnO22
zestafoni
PM, CO, SO2, NO2, NO
monitoringis sistema saqarTveloSimonitoringis sistema saqarTveloSi
 moZvelebuli xelsawyo-danadgarebis SecvlamoZvelebuli xelsawyo-danadgarebis Secvla
Tanamedrove standartebis SesabamisiTanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisi
xelsawyoebiT;xelsawyoebiT;
 avtomaturi sadamkvirveblo sadgurebisavtomaturi sadamkvirveblo sadgurebis
SeZena;SeZena;
 Tanamedrove meTodologiebis aTviseba daTanamedrove meTodologiebis aTviseba da
danergva;danergva;
 analizebis xarisxis Sefasebisa da kontrolisanalizebis xarisxis Sefasebisa da kontrolis
meTodebis gaumjobeseba;meTodebis gaumjobeseba;
 kadrebis Tanamedrove donezekadrebis Tanamedrove doneze
gadamzadeba.gadamzadeba.
saerTaSoriso saqmianobasaerTaSoriso saqmianoba
 1979w konvencia “SormanZilebze1979w konvencia “SormanZilebze
haeris transsasazRvro dabinZurebishaeris transsasazRvro dabinZurebis
Sesaxeb” (1999w),Sesaxeb” (1999w),
 `ozonis Sris dacvis Sesaxeb ~ 1985`ozonis Sris dacvis Sesaxeb ~ 1985
wlis venis konvencia da `ozonis Sriswlis venis konvencia da `ozonis Sris
damSlel nivTierebaTa Sesaxeb~ 1987damSlel nivTierebaTa Sesaxeb~ 1987
wlis monrealis oqmi. (1995w).wlis monrealis oqmi. (1995w).
gmadlobTgmadlobT
yuradRebisTvisyuradRebisTvis

ატმოსფერული ჰაერის დაცვა

  • 1.
    atmosferuli haeris dacvaatmosferulihaeris dacva noe megreliSvilinoe megreliSvili atmosferuli haeris dacvis samsaxuriatmosferuli haeris dacvis samsaxuri garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrogaremosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro
  • 2.
    az ot i 78.1% argoni da sxva 1.0% Jangbadi 20.9% haeris Semadgenlobahaeris Semadgenloba
  • 4.
     nebismieri nivTiereba,romelic haerSia, magram ar aris misi bunebrivi Semadgeneli nawili  an nivTiereba, romlis koncentraciac imaze metia vidre es bunebrivad unda iyos haeris dabinZurebahaeris dabinZureba
  • 5.
    SeiZleba iyos orfizikur formaSi: • myari nawilaki _ rogoric aris Wvartli da mtveri • airi _ rogoric aris naxSiJangi da gogirdis orJangi haeris damabinZureblebihaeris damabinZureblebi
  • 6.
     pirveladi damabinZureblebi _haerSi arian imave qimiuri formiT rogorebic maTi gafrqvevis wyarodan gamoyofisas iyvnen  meoradi damabinZureblebi _ warmoiqmnebian pirveladi damabinZureblebi haerSi qimiuri transformaciis Sedegad haeris damabinZureblebihaeris damabinZureblebi
  • 7.
    atmosferuli haeris mavnenivTierebebiTatmosferuli haeris mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZurebis saxeebidabinZurebis saxeebi        stacionaruli wyaroebistacionaruli wyaroebi  mobiluri wyaroebimobiluri wyaroebi  dispersiuli wyaroebidispersiuli wyaroebi  mcire masStabis wyaroebimcire masStabis wyaroebi
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
    donora, pensilvania (aSS)1948 w. mosaxleobis 43% daavadda, 20 adamiani gardaicvala.
  • 13.
    londoni inglisi 1952w. 5 dekembridan 9 dekembramde 3000-dan 4000-mde gardacvlili.
  • 14.
    bopali, indoeTi 1984w. 30 tona meTil izocianidis gaJonvam2000-ze meti adamianis sicocxle imsxverpla.
  • 15.
    Cernobili, yofili sabWoTakavSiri 1986 w. radiaciis gavrceleba. gardaicvala sadguris 30 muSaki, milionobiT daavadda.
  • 16.
     myari nawilakebi gogirdis orJangi  azotis Jangeulebi  naxSirJangi  ozoni  tyvia ZiriTadi damabinZureblebiZiriTadi damabinZureblebi
  • 17.
     haeSi Sewonilimyari an Txevadi nawilakebi;  wyaroebi: dizelze momuSave mowyobilobebi, Tboeleqtrosadgurebi, qaris mier gadatanili mtveri, naxerxis mtveri da a.S.  rac ufro mcirea nawilaki miT Rrmad aRwevs igi filtvebSi; myari nawilakebi
  • 18.
     gogirdisa daJangbadisagan Semdgari ufero nivTiereba;  wyaroebi: Tboeleqtrosadgurebi, Rumlebi da gadamamuSavebeli sawarmebi romlebic sawvavad gamoiyeneben naxSirs;  aRizianebs sasunTq sistemas;  uerTdeba myad nawilakebs da tens, warmoqmnis mJavur wvimebs; gogirdis orJangi
  • 19.
     Ria yavisferi,azotisa da Jangbadis airovani naerTi;  wyaroebi: motorizebuli transporti, Tboeleqtrosadgurebi da Rumlebi, sadac sawvavad gamoiyeneben naxSirs;  aRizianebs sasunTq sistemas;  mizispira ozonis (smogi) da mJavuri wvimebis warmoqmnis komponenti; azotis Jangeulebi
  • 20.
     ufero, Jangbadissami atomisagan Semdgari airi;  meoradi damabinZurebeli, romelic warmoiqmneba Jangbadis, aqroladi organuli anerTebisa da azotis Jangeulebis reaqciis Sedegad mzis sinaTlis arsebobis pirobebSi;  smogis umTavresi komponenti;  iwvevs sunTqvis problemebs, azianebs mcenareebs da xelovnebis nimuSebs; ozoni: miwispira anu troposferuli
  • 22.
     ufero, usunoairi, romelic naxSirbadisa da Jangbadisagan Sedgeba;  wiaRiseuli sawvavis, SeSisa da sxva naxSiris Semcveli masalebis arasruli wvis produqti.  wyaroebi: motorizebuli transporti, navTsa da SeSaze momuSave Rumlebi;  amcirebs sisxlis unars gadaitanos Jangbadi;  SeiZleba gamoiwvios moTenTva da daRliloba, maRali koncentraciis pirobebSi iwvevs sikvdils. naxSirJangi
  • 23.
     metali, myarimomwamlavi damabinZurebeli;  wyaroebi: avtotransportSi gamoyenebuli tyviaSemcveli sawvavi, metalurgiuli warmoba da wiaRiseul sawvavze momuSave Tboeleqtrosadgurebi.  Znelad gamodis organizmidan, aqvs Zvlebsa da rbil qsovielbSi akumulirebis unari;  bavSvebi ufro daucvelni arian mis mimarT; tyvia
  • 24.
  • 25.
    samsaxuris saqmianobis warmarTvissamsaxurissaqmianobis warmarTvis safuZvlebisafuZvlebi  ““garemos dacvis Sesaxeb”, “atmosferuli haerisgaremos dacvis Sesaxeb”, “atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonebi dadacvis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonebi da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebi;kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebi;  saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministros debuleba;saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministros debuleba;  samsaxuris debuleba.samsaxuris debuleba.
  • 26.
    saqmianobis warmarTvis ZiriTadisaqmianobiswarmarTvis ZiriTadi amocanebiamocanebi  atmosferuli haeris dacvis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikisatmosferuli haeris dacvis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis realizaciis uzrunvelyofa;realizaciis uzrunvelyofa;  haerdacviTi RonisZiebebis prioritetul mimarTulebaTahaerdacviTi RonisZiebebis prioritetul mimarTulebaTa gansazRvra da maTi ganxorcielebisaTvis gamiznulgansazRvra da maTi ganxorcielebisaTvis gamiznul samuSaoTa Sesrulebis koordinacia;samuSaoTa Sesrulebis koordinacia;  atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis wyaroebis da maT mieratmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis wyaroebis da maT mier gafrqveul mavne nivTierebaTa inventarizaciis dagafrqveul mavne nivTierebaTa inventarizaciis da normirebis, saxelmwifo aRricxvis angariSgebisa danormirebis, saxelmwifo aRricxvis angariSgebisa da Sefasebis meTodologiuri safuZvlebis SemuSavebaSiSefasebis meTodologiuri safuZvlebis SemuSavebaSi monawileoba;monawileoba;  saerTaSoriso valdebulebebiT gaTvaliswinebulsaerTaSoriso valdebulebebiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnaTa Sesrulebis organizeba.moTxovnaTa Sesrulebis organizeba.
  • 27.
    mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevismavnenivTierebaTa gafrqvevis regulirebaregulireba  mavne nivTierebaTa zRvruladmavne nivTierebaTa zRvrulad dasaSvebi gafrqvevis normebis proeqtidasaSvebi gafrqvevis normebis proeqti  dabinZurebis wyaroebis da maT mierdabinZurebis wyaroebis da maT mier gafrqveul mavne nivTierebaTagafrqveul mavne nivTierebaTa inventarizaciis teqnikuri angariSiinventarizaciis teqnikuri angariSi
  • 28.
    mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebismavnenivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis saxelmwifo aRricxvasaxelmwifo aRricxva  dgindeba qveynis masStabiT aRricxuli dadgindeba qveynis masStabiT aRricxuli da identificirebuli atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebisidentificirebuli atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis msxvili da saSualo stacionaruli obieqtebismsxvili da saSualo stacionaruli obieqtebis CamonaTvaliCamonaTvali  dgindeba qveynis masStabiT atmosferul haerSidgindeba qveynis masStabiT atmosferul haerSi mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis rogorc jamurimavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis rogorc jamuri monacemebi, aseve calkeuli regionebis, qalaqebismonacemebi, aseve calkeuli regionebis, qalaqebis da ZiriTadi msxvili dambinZurebeli obieqtebisda ZiriTadi msxvili dambinZurebeli obieqtebis mixedviTmixedviT  calke krebulad mzaddeba mavne nivTierebaTacalke krebulad mzaddeba mavne nivTierebaTa gafrqvevebis yovelwliuri angariSi.gafrqvevebis yovelwliuri angariSi.
  • 29.
    ZiriTadi dambinZurebeli regionebisda qalaqebisZiriTadi dambinZurebeli regionebis da qalaqebis wili qveynis dabinZurebaSiwili qveynis dabinZurebaSi
  • 30.
    ZiriTadi dambinZurebeli sawarmoebiswiliZiriTadi dambinZurebeli sawarmoebis wili qveynis dabinZurebaSiqveynis dabinZurebaSi
  • 31.
    monitoringis sistema saqarTveloSimonitoringissistema saqarTveloSi PbPbMnOMnO22 zestafoni PM, CO, SO2, NO2, NO
  • 32.
    monitoringis sistema saqarTveloSimonitoringissistema saqarTveloSi  moZvelebuli xelsawyo-danadgarebis SecvlamoZvelebuli xelsawyo-danadgarebis Secvla Tanamedrove standartebis SesabamisiTanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisi xelsawyoebiT;xelsawyoebiT;  avtomaturi sadamkvirveblo sadgurebisavtomaturi sadamkvirveblo sadgurebis SeZena;SeZena;  Tanamedrove meTodologiebis aTviseba daTanamedrove meTodologiebis aTviseba da danergva;danergva;  analizebis xarisxis Sefasebisa da kontrolisanalizebis xarisxis Sefasebisa da kontrolis meTodebis gaumjobeseba;meTodebis gaumjobeseba;  kadrebis Tanamedrove donezekadrebis Tanamedrove doneze gadamzadeba.gadamzadeba.
  • 33.
    saerTaSoriso saqmianobasaerTaSoriso saqmianoba 1979w konvencia “SormanZilebze1979w konvencia “SormanZilebze haeris transsasazRvro dabinZurebishaeris transsasazRvro dabinZurebis Sesaxeb” (1999w),Sesaxeb” (1999w),  `ozonis Sris dacvis Sesaxeb ~ 1985`ozonis Sris dacvis Sesaxeb ~ 1985 wlis venis konvencia da `ozonis Sriswlis venis konvencia da `ozonis Sris damSlel nivTierebaTa Sesaxeb~ 1987damSlel nivTierebaTa Sesaxeb~ 1987 wlis monrealis oqmi. (1995w).wlis monrealis oqmi. (1995w).
  • 34.