Minimum shear reinforcement for optimum ductility of reinforced concrete beamseSAT Journals
Abstract Failures in reinforced concrete (RC) structures under transverse shear forces are proved to be catastrophic with the presence of web reinforcement. The minimum web reinforcement recommended by several codes of practice has been intended to maintain adequate strength and deflection ductility after the formation of diagonal cracking and to contain widening of the diagonal cracking. However, the expressions for estimating the minimum shear reinforcement in the codes of practice are based on the experimental data base observed on testing of small size beams made of normal strength concrete (NSC). Such code provisions need to be reinvestigated on large size beams made of high strength concrete (HSC). Further, there has been lack of consensus on the quantity of minimum shear reinforcement to be provided by different codes of practice, as they differ significantly in respect of HSC members. In this paper, many factors influencing the minimum shear reinforcement required in RC beams have been studied. An expression has been proposed incorporating a wide range of parameters. A comparison of the minimum shear reinforcement predicted by the proposed expression has been made with the codes of practice. The influence of shear reinforcement on the ductility of RC beams of varying sizes has been investigated. The optimum shear reinforcement index has been found to be somewhere between 0.45 and 0.5. Ductility of RC beams increases with increasing the shear reinforcement index. Small size beams exhibited significant ductility for the given shear reinforcement index. Keywords: Minimum shear reinforcement, reserve strength, ductility, RC beams, HSC
The document discusses various methods of recycling, including paper, plastic, glass, metal and organic waste. It explains that recycling saves raw materials and energy used in production, and reduces the amount of waste. Key points covered include that recycling paper saves trees, one tree can produce enough paper for a 100 page book, and recycling organic waste produces compost. Recycling glass and plastic produces new products, while recycling plastic yields plastic packaging, strips, furniture and clothing. The importance of recycling to conserve resources and reduce waste is emphasized.
This document provides an overview of living things in their environment. It discusses environmental factors, adaptations of organisms, how organisms change their environment, populations, and communities. Specifically, it defines abiotic and biotic factors, limiting factors, and different types of adaptations including morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations. It also describes population dynamics including exponential and stationary growth phases. Finally, it examines community concepts such as ecological succession, soil composition, and interspecific relationships including mutualism, parasitism, predation, and competition.
This short document promotes creating Haiku Deck presentations on SlideShare and getting started making one. It encourages the reader to be inspired to make their own presentation using Haiku Deck on the SlideShare platform. A call to action is given to get started creating a Haiku Deck presentation.
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Minimum shear reinforcement for optimum ductility of reinforced concrete beamseSAT Journals
Abstract Failures in reinforced concrete (RC) structures under transverse shear forces are proved to be catastrophic with the presence of web reinforcement. The minimum web reinforcement recommended by several codes of practice has been intended to maintain adequate strength and deflection ductility after the formation of diagonal cracking and to contain widening of the diagonal cracking. However, the expressions for estimating the minimum shear reinforcement in the codes of practice are based on the experimental data base observed on testing of small size beams made of normal strength concrete (NSC). Such code provisions need to be reinvestigated on large size beams made of high strength concrete (HSC). Further, there has been lack of consensus on the quantity of minimum shear reinforcement to be provided by different codes of practice, as they differ significantly in respect of HSC members. In this paper, many factors influencing the minimum shear reinforcement required in RC beams have been studied. An expression has been proposed incorporating a wide range of parameters. A comparison of the minimum shear reinforcement predicted by the proposed expression has been made with the codes of practice. The influence of shear reinforcement on the ductility of RC beams of varying sizes has been investigated. The optimum shear reinforcement index has been found to be somewhere between 0.45 and 0.5. Ductility of RC beams increases with increasing the shear reinforcement index. Small size beams exhibited significant ductility for the given shear reinforcement index. Keywords: Minimum shear reinforcement, reserve strength, ductility, RC beams, HSC
The document discusses various methods of recycling, including paper, plastic, glass, metal and organic waste. It explains that recycling saves raw materials and energy used in production, and reduces the amount of waste. Key points covered include that recycling paper saves trees, one tree can produce enough paper for a 100 page book, and recycling organic waste produces compost. Recycling glass and plastic produces new products, while recycling plastic yields plastic packaging, strips, furniture and clothing. The importance of recycling to conserve resources and reduce waste is emphasized.
This document provides an overview of living things in their environment. It discusses environmental factors, adaptations of organisms, how organisms change their environment, populations, and communities. Specifically, it defines abiotic and biotic factors, limiting factors, and different types of adaptations including morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations. It also describes population dynamics including exponential and stationary growth phases. Finally, it examines community concepts such as ecological succession, soil composition, and interspecific relationships including mutualism, parasitism, predation, and competition.
This short document promotes creating Haiku Deck presentations on SlideShare and getting started making one. It encourages the reader to be inspired to make their own presentation using Haiku Deck on the SlideShare platform. A call to action is given to get started creating a Haiku Deck presentation.
Plant Manufacturer offer a wide range of screw conveyors, bucket elevators, de-stoners, emery roll machine, lather polisher machinery and many more such advanced and high tech machines.
The document discusses the writer's favorite singer, Little Mix. It notes that the writer has been a fan of Little Mix since 2015 and enjoys their music and voices. Little Mix released their first song in 2012. The writer knows a lot about Little Mix and member Perrie Edwards. They dream of seeing Little Mix perform and meeting Perrie Edwards.
Pop music initially drew from folk music traditions in the US and Europe, incorporating genres like ragtime, cakewalk, and foxtrot. In the 1930s, the music publishing industry moved from Tin Pan Alley to be nearer Broadway theaters in New York. Elvis Presley was a pivotal figure in popularizing pop music for integrating styles from different ethnic traditions, with Sun Records producer Sam Phillips seeking a white singer who could perform in a black vocal style, which Elvis mastered.
The student's heroes are their parents because they would do anything to help or risk their lives for the student or their brother. The parents help the student when hurt and with homework. The mother is a lawyer who is busy all day but always finds time for the student and their brother. The student loves their parents and their parents love them too.
Armenia is the author's motherland where Yerevan is the capital city. The author studies in school there and is 12 years old. Historically, between the 16th and 19th centuries, Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and Iranian empires. Yerevan contains many places of interest visited by the author, including the zoo garden, botanical garden, and Victory Park.
The document discusses the writer's favorite singer, Little Mix. It notes that the writer has been a fan of Little Mix since 2015 and enjoys their music and voices. Little Mix released their first song in 2012. The writer knows a lot about Little Mix and member Perrie Edwards. They dream of seeing Little Mix perform and meeting Perrie Edwards.
Pop music initially drew from folk music traditions in the US and Europe, incorporating genres like ragtime, cakewalk, and foxtrot. In the 1930s, the music publishing industry moved from Tin Pan Alley to be nearer Broadway theaters in New York. Elvis Presley was a pivotal figure in popularizing pop music for integrating styles from different ethnic traditions, with Sun Records producer Sam Phillips seeking a white singer who could perform in a black vocal style, which Elvis mastered.
The student's heroes are their parents because they would do anything to help or risk their lives for the student or their brother. The parents help the student when hurt and with homework. The mother is a lawyer who is busy all day but always finds time for the student and their brother. The student loves their parents and their parents love them too.
Armenia is the author's motherland where Yerevan is the capital city. The author studies in school there and is 12 years old. Historically, between the 16th and 19th centuries, Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and Iranian empires. Yerevan contains many places of interest visited by the author, including the zoo garden, botanical garden, and Victory Park.
2. Я АННА ИСАХАНЯН. Я УЧУСЬ НА 5-2
КЛАССЕ.
Я МОГУ РАССКАЗЫВАТЬ СКАЗКИ.
НА РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ Я МОГУ ЧИТАТЬ,
МОГУ ПИСАТЬ
Я МОГУ ДЕЛАТЬ ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЮ.
MОГУ ПУБЛИКОВАТЬ В МОЕМ БЛОГЕ
ДОМАШНИЕ РАБОТЫ.
Я МОГУ ДЕЛАТЬ ДОМАШНИЕ РАБОТЫ:
ПОСМОТРИ ЗДЕСЬ.