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ハートの方程式と折り紙
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2020年5月30日に開催された ロマンティック数学ナイト http://romanticmathnight.org/1210 で使用したスライドです。
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ハートの方程式と折り紙
1.
ハートの方程式と折り紙 三谷 純 𝑥2 + 9 4 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 −
1 3 − 𝑥2 𝑧3 − 9 80 𝑦2 𝑧3 = 0 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 1 3 − 𝑥2 𝑦3 = 0 ロマンティック数学ナイト 2020/5/30
2.
自己紹介 • 筑波大学 システム情報系
教授 • 研究分野:形状モデリング、折り紙 @jmitani
3.
4.
ハートの方程式
5.
数学を愛する会さんはTwitterを使っています 「【ハートのグラフ選手権表彰】 数学クラスタたちが全力でハートのグラフを考えた件 https://t.co/0fzI9Ons1x」
/ Twitter https://twitter.com/mathlava/status/1261136754108743681 CHARTMAN さん(@CHARTMANq) の作品
6.
7.
パラメトリック関数表現
8.
ハートの方程式
9.
Heart Curve --
from Wolfram MathWorld https://mathworld.wolfram.com/HeartCurve.html
10.
美しすぎるハートの数式 - プログラムモグモグ https://itchyny.hatenablog.com/entry/20130214/1360847516 Eugen
Beutel, “Algebraische Kurven”, 1909 陰関数表現
11.
「かたち」と数式 • パラメトリック関数表現 • 陰関数表現 𝐹
𝑥, 𝑦 = 0 例 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 1 = 0 1 𝑃 𝑡 = (𝑥 𝑡 , 𝑦 𝑡 ) 𝑥 𝑡 = cos 𝑡 𝑦 𝑡 = sin 𝑡 (0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2𝜋) 例
12.
𝑥2 + 𝑦2
− 1 3 − 𝑥2 𝑦3 = 0 この形は? 微分して極値、変曲点を求める? 一方の値を固定して他方を求める?
13.
陰関数表現された曲線の可視化のイメージ 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦
= 0 𝑧 = 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑧 = 0 2変数方程式 z軸を導入。3次元の空間曲面化 xy平面(z=0)との交線を求める (一般的には数値計算で)
14.
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 1
3 − 𝑥2 𝑦3 = 0 𝑧 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 1 3 − 𝑥2 𝑦3 𝑧 = 0
15.
𝑧 = 𝑥2 +
𝑦2 − 1 3 − 𝑥2 𝑦3
16.
17.
CHARTMAN さん(@CHARTMANq) の作品 パラメトリック曲線 極座標表現 𝑃
𝑡 = (𝑟 𝑡 cos 𝑡 , 𝑟 𝑡 sin t ) (0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2𝜋) 𝑧 = 𝑟 𝜃 𝑒 𝑖𝜃
18.
折り紙
19.
20.
展開図の読み方 山 谷 凸 凹 凹 凹
21.
3次元
22.
「かたち」と数式(3次元版) • パラメトリック関数表現 • 陰関数表現 𝐹
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 0 例 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 − 1 = 0 𝑃 𝑢, 𝑣 = (𝑥 𝑢, 𝑣 , 𝑦 𝑢, 𝑣 , 𝑧 𝑢, 𝑣 ) 𝑥 𝑢, 𝑣 = cos 𝑢 cos(𝑣) (0 ≤ 𝑢, 𝑣 ≤ 2𝜋) 例 𝑦 𝑢, 𝑣 = sin 𝑢 cos(𝑣) 𝑧 𝑢, 𝑣 = sin 𝑣可視化:レイトレーシング法、マーチングキューブ法
23.
余談
24.
𝑘=0 7 exp −0.7 𝑥
− 6.75 cos 𝑘𝜋 4 2 + 𝑦 − 6.75 sin 𝑘𝜋 4 2 + 1.2𝑧2 − 0.001 = 0 陰関数表現 CHARTMAN さん によるポン・デ・リング表現 (2017)
25.
3次元のハート Heart Surface --
from Wolfram MathWorld https://mathworld.wolfram.com/HeartSurface.html 𝑥2 + 9 4 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 − 1 3 − 𝑥2 𝑧3 − 9 80 𝑦2 𝑧3 = 0
26.
27.
𝑥2 + 9 4 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 − 1 3 −
𝑥2 𝑧3 − 9 80 𝑦2 𝑧3 = 0
28.
まとめ • ハートの数式表現はたくさんある (平面図形、立体図形) • 数式による形の表現には大きく 「パラメトリック関数表現」「陰関数表現」があ る。 •
コンピュータを使えるようになって、曲線・曲面 の可視化が容易になった。 • 楽しい時代!
29.
おしまい @jmitani
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