This document discusses financing models for open access academic publishing. It describes the traditional "closed access" model where academics transfer publication rights to commercial publishers who then charge high subscription fees to libraries. This model is no longer sustainable given rising costs. The document outlines two main open access models: 1) The "green road" uses repositories to make articles freely available but does not change the underlying publication economics. 2) The "golden road" funds open access journals through author publication fees, though it is unclear if this fully covers costs. New models may be needed to sustainably fund dynamic, multimedia academic works.
The document discusses financing models for open access academic publishing. It describes the traditional "closed access" model where academics transfer publication rights to publishers who then charge high subscription fees to libraries. Open access aims to make publications freely available. The "green road" of open access involves archiving published articles in repositories, while the "golden road" finances open access journals through author fees rather than subscriptions. New business models may be needed that treat publications as services rather than commodities and generate revenue from services like aggregation rather than rights exploitation.
The document discusses the New Journal of Physics (NJP) as an example of an open access journal. It provides background on traditional academic publishing models and how the development of the internet and rising publication costs motivated the creation of open access journals. The NJP was founded jointly in 1998 by the German Society of Physics and the British Institute of Physics as an open access journal. It ensures quality through peer review while allowing free online access to manuscripts. Though establishing a new journal is challenging, the NJP has been successful, receiving over 100 submissions per month and 50,000 downloads, demonstrating open access is well-received internationally.
The document is the Brussels Declaration on STM Publishing signed by international STM publishers. It outlines several key principles:
1. Publishers' mission is to disseminate knowledge through economically sustainable business models and support academic freedom for authors.
2. Publishers organize peer review for STM journals, which is an irreplaceable process for scholarship.
3. Publishers launch and develop journals to benefit the scholarly community.
4. Current publisher licensing models have significantly increased access to research outputs, though publishers have heavily invested in digitization and growing literature volumes.
History and the future of scholarly publishing (1)aufet
This document discusses the state of scholarly publishing in history and examines concerns about a potential "crisis". While publishing costs have risen significantly for scientific journals, history publishing has increased. The number of new history book titles is near unprecedented levels and university presses are producing more history books than other fields. However, there are disparities in publishing outlets for different time periods and regions. Future trends are alarming as university presses, which produce around half of new history titles, are struggling financially. This could negatively impact junior faculty who will be evaluated for tenure based on publishing monographs.
Presentation in Session 2: The role of repositories
Workshop “Unlocking the future: Open Access communication in a global research environment”
Global Research Council (GRC) - Research Councils UK (RCUK)
London, The British Library, 1-2 April 2015
El documento resume brevemente la historia del diseño industrial como profesión reconocida en Estados Unidos y cómo evolucionó desde productos decorados hacia una estética funcional de la máquina. También describe los efectos de la Primera Guerra Mundial, la Gran Depresión de 1929 y la Segunda Guerra Mundial en la economía estadounidense, incluida la expansión de la producción después de la Primera Guerra Mundial, la recesión y la absorción de pequeñas empresas por monopolios durante la depresión, y la retirada de depósitos b
1. The document discusses open access and quality assurance in scientific publishing.
2. It describes traditional peer review used in academic publishing and how this process can be transferred to open access publications without changes.
3. The document then outlines various models for quality assurance in open access publishing, including peer review, collaborative peer review, moderation, automatic assessment, and assessment by readers. It provides an example of one journal that uses a combination of collaborative peer review and public discussion.
The document discusses financing models for open access academic publishing. It describes the traditional "closed access" model where academics transfer publication rights to publishers who then charge high subscription fees to libraries. Open access aims to make publications freely available. The "green road" of open access involves archiving published articles in repositories, while the "golden road" finances open access journals through author fees rather than subscriptions. New business models may be needed that treat publications as services rather than commodities and generate revenue from services like aggregation rather than rights exploitation.
The document discusses the New Journal of Physics (NJP) as an example of an open access journal. It provides background on traditional academic publishing models and how the development of the internet and rising publication costs motivated the creation of open access journals. The NJP was founded jointly in 1998 by the German Society of Physics and the British Institute of Physics as an open access journal. It ensures quality through peer review while allowing free online access to manuscripts. Though establishing a new journal is challenging, the NJP has been successful, receiving over 100 submissions per month and 50,000 downloads, demonstrating open access is well-received internationally.
The document is the Brussels Declaration on STM Publishing signed by international STM publishers. It outlines several key principles:
1. Publishers' mission is to disseminate knowledge through economically sustainable business models and support academic freedom for authors.
2. Publishers organize peer review for STM journals, which is an irreplaceable process for scholarship.
3. Publishers launch and develop journals to benefit the scholarly community.
4. Current publisher licensing models have significantly increased access to research outputs, though publishers have heavily invested in digitization and growing literature volumes.
History and the future of scholarly publishing (1)aufet
This document discusses the state of scholarly publishing in history and examines concerns about a potential "crisis". While publishing costs have risen significantly for scientific journals, history publishing has increased. The number of new history book titles is near unprecedented levels and university presses are producing more history books than other fields. However, there are disparities in publishing outlets for different time periods and regions. Future trends are alarming as university presses, which produce around half of new history titles, are struggling financially. This could negatively impact junior faculty who will be evaluated for tenure based on publishing monographs.
Presentation in Session 2: The role of repositories
Workshop “Unlocking the future: Open Access communication in a global research environment”
Global Research Council (GRC) - Research Councils UK (RCUK)
London, The British Library, 1-2 April 2015
El documento resume brevemente la historia del diseño industrial como profesión reconocida en Estados Unidos y cómo evolucionó desde productos decorados hacia una estética funcional de la máquina. También describe los efectos de la Primera Guerra Mundial, la Gran Depresión de 1929 y la Segunda Guerra Mundial en la economía estadounidense, incluida la expansión de la producción después de la Primera Guerra Mundial, la recesión y la absorción de pequeñas empresas por monopolios durante la depresión, y la retirada de depósitos b
1. The document discusses open access and quality assurance in scientific publishing.
2. It describes traditional peer review used in academic publishing and how this process can be transferred to open access publications without changes.
3. The document then outlines various models for quality assurance in open access publishing, including peer review, collaborative peer review, moderation, automatic assessment, and assessment by readers. It provides an example of one journal that uses a combination of collaborative peer review and public discussion.
1) El documento presenta información sobre la Semana de la Biblia en la Biblioteca del Colegio Santo Domingo. 2) En República Dominicana, el Día de la Biblia se celebra el 27 de septiembre por ley, luego de que un pastor propusiera esta fecha en los años 80. 3) Se incluyen listas de autores del Antiguo y Nuevo Testamento, así como cronologías del ministerio de Pablo y contenidos de libros bíblicos como Romanos y 1 Corintios.
El documento trata sobre un caso de reembolso de gastos médicos privados. Resume que la ley solo permite el reembolso en casos de urgencia vital cuando los servicios públicos no pueden atender al paciente oportunamente. En este caso, aunque el paciente necesitaba un tratamiento rápido, no se considera que fuera una urgencia vital porque acudió por su cuenta a un centro privado antes de que la administración sanitaria autorizara el tratamiento en otro centro. Por lo tanto, no procede el reembolso de los gastos.
El documento describe al Espíritu Santo desde la perspectiva de la creación como el principio de una nueva creación de Dios que incorpora al hombre en el cuerpo de Cristo y renueva el mundo. Actúa creando, introduciendo vida y conduciendo al hombre. El Concilio Vaticano II mantuvo una perspectiva cristológica del Espíritu Santo y reconoció su papel en la evolución cultural e histórica y en la transmisión viva de la fe a cada individuo.
This document discusses a new cheese product called Liplocker Cheese. It is presented by several people and has the following qualities:
- It has low fat, affordable prices, and attractive shapes.
- It uses healthy ingredients.
- It costs just Rs. 8 per cube.
- A cheese opener is provided free with each cheese container to help open it without using teeth.
- Liplocker Cheese will still be available after leaving the "cheese treasure world" being discussed.
This document contains personal and professional information about Okwuchukwu Victor Eze. It includes his name, date of birth, place of birth, nationality, gender, height, complexion, occupation, and contact information. It also lists his extensive experience and awards in acting, directing, dance, and production spanning over 30 years. His areas of expertise include acting, directing, dance librettos, networking, production management, screenwriting and teaching.
This document provides requirements for implementing self-organizing network (SON) and operations and maintenance (O&M) use cases as recommended by the NGMN Alliance. It describes requirements for self-configuration use cases like planning and optimizing radio parameters for new network nodes. It also outlines requirements for self-optimization use cases such as neighbor cell list optimization and interference control. Additional sections cover fault management and correction requirements as well as O&M related SON use cases. The document is intended to provide vendors with guidelines for developing SON solutions that are generic, align with 3GPP standards, and address key use cases identified by mobile network operators.
The document is the first issue of the official newsletter of PIFFA (Pakistan International Freight Forwarders Association).
1. It introduces the new Executive Committee of PIFFA for 2012-2013 and provides contact information for each member.
2. It summarizes several upcoming goals and initiatives of PIFFA, including creating new membership rules, defining a best practices code, continuing to promote the organization, addressing issues of unpaid debts in the industry, and ensuring members have a role in profitable businesses.
3. The newsletter highlights past and upcoming events involving PIFFA and provides information on the organization's various subcommittees.
Tidemark Enterprise Disruption In The Cloud Zd NetGregory Pence
A new startup called Tidemark offers a cloud-based system to help enterprises analyze and act on corporate data in a more flexible way than traditional on-premise software. Tidemark was designed specifically for the cloud model and focuses on business users rather than IT. This allows for easier implementation and use of the software to drive business decisions. While large vendors will eventually become strong cloud competitors, Tidemark has an opportunity to establish itself in the growing cloud market by rapidly innovating and showing the value of its cloud-based approach.
The article discusses the importance of data management for CFOs. It notes that as organizations collect more data, CFOs should take responsibility for ensuring the accuracy and accessibility of data. The article recommends that CFOs seize control over data structures, standardize and consolidate data across acquisitions, and partner with IT to ensure proper data governance. When CFOs effectively manage data, it allows them to provide more strategic insights and helps the organization achieve its goals.
The document provides information about the Venture Crew program, which is a coed section of Boy Scouts for youth aged 14-21. It aims to teach leadership, responsibility, and high adventure skills through a youth-led model with minimal adult involvement. The document discusses the need to improve support for Venture Crews in the Los Angeles area, particularly regarding summer camp programming. It provides details on awards, community outreach, and opportunities for involvement.
Dick Prince is a chief engineer and control systems engineer with experience in new build hotels, renovations, maintenance, supplier negotiations, re-organizations, and energy savings. He has worked at Parkhotel Amsterdam, Apollo Hotels & Resorts, Amstel InterContinental Amsterdam, The Dylan Amsterdam, Inntel Rotterdam, and as a first engineer for control systems and process engineering in petrochemistry. His references include Christian Beek, CEO of Glion Institute of Higher Education, and Martin Lindelauf, director of operations at EHP Hotels.
The document discusses the transition to digital scholarly publishing and open access. It notes that while the internet provides a platform for knowledge sharing, traditional publishing models have restricted access through paywalls. Some progress has been made through open access journals and self-archiving. Looking ahead, repositories could become nodes for open data sharing and collaboration, supporting new forms of e-science beyond traditional articles.
Cloud Computing As A Threat To Older Tech Companies Ny TimesGregory Pence
The International Data Corporation predicts that cloud computing, mobile devices, and social networking will drive huge changes in the technology industry, challenging many older companies. IDC estimates that spending on these new technologies will reach $700 billion by 2020, growing much faster than traditional IT. This rapid transition could see up to a third of major current companies like HP, Microsoft, Intel, and Oracle fade away as new leaders in mobile and cloud computing emerge. IDC also predicts massive growth in digital data, with over 8 zettabytes stored globally by 2015.
Este documento describe la vida y obra de San Pablo. Nació en el siglo I d.C. en Tarso, Turquía. Perseguía a los cristianos hasta que tuvo un encuentro con Jesucristo resucitado que le convirtió. Viajó extensamente para predicar el evangelio y fundar iglesias. Sufrió mucho por su fe, incluyendo azotes, apedreamientos y naufragios. Finalmente murió mártir decapitado en Roma por su predicación.
High quality Sony Vaio VGN-FZ battery,Sony VGP-BPS8 battery at
http://www.daily-battery.com
http://www.laptopbattery-shop.co.uk
http://www.gogeshop.com
1) The rapid growth in the number of published academic articles has created difficulties for traditional publishing models and information overload.
2) While the internet has created new opportunities for knowledge sharing, the transfer of traditional publishing systems online has also brought exclusive access rights that restrict information access.
3) In response, some scholars are establishing their own open access electronic journals, and self-archiving preprints and postprints online, though publishers argue this undermines their business models.
The document discusses financing models for open access academic publishing. It describes the traditional "closed access" model where publishers acquired exclusive rights to published articles in exchange for handling peer review and distribution, which became increasingly unsustainable. Open access proposes two main models: "green" open access involves self-archiving published articles in repositories, while "golden" open access involves publishing open access journals. For golden open access, alternative financing is needed like author-side payments. However, it is unclear if these fully cover costs. Open access highlights a shift from viewing publications as commodities to focusing on their role as an academic service.
This document discusses the hybrid open access publishing model Springer Open Choice. It begins by explaining that while open availability of research is welcomed, the formal peer review and publishing process requires financial resources. Traditionally, publishers covered costs through journal subscriptions but open access licensing does not generate the needed income.
The hybrid model allows authors a choice - they can opt to pay an article processing fee to make their work immediately open access, or not pay and it is accessible through subscriptions. This model balances open access goals with sustaining professional publishing. While concerns exist that this model risks losing established authors or makes communities pay twice, the document argues these fears are unfounded as quality control and cost accounting processes prevent double payments.
1) El documento presenta información sobre la Semana de la Biblia en la Biblioteca del Colegio Santo Domingo. 2) En República Dominicana, el Día de la Biblia se celebra el 27 de septiembre por ley, luego de que un pastor propusiera esta fecha en los años 80. 3) Se incluyen listas de autores del Antiguo y Nuevo Testamento, así como cronologías del ministerio de Pablo y contenidos de libros bíblicos como Romanos y 1 Corintios.
El documento trata sobre un caso de reembolso de gastos médicos privados. Resume que la ley solo permite el reembolso en casos de urgencia vital cuando los servicios públicos no pueden atender al paciente oportunamente. En este caso, aunque el paciente necesitaba un tratamiento rápido, no se considera que fuera una urgencia vital porque acudió por su cuenta a un centro privado antes de que la administración sanitaria autorizara el tratamiento en otro centro. Por lo tanto, no procede el reembolso de los gastos.
El documento describe al Espíritu Santo desde la perspectiva de la creación como el principio de una nueva creación de Dios que incorpora al hombre en el cuerpo de Cristo y renueva el mundo. Actúa creando, introduciendo vida y conduciendo al hombre. El Concilio Vaticano II mantuvo una perspectiva cristológica del Espíritu Santo y reconoció su papel en la evolución cultural e histórica y en la transmisión viva de la fe a cada individuo.
This document discusses a new cheese product called Liplocker Cheese. It is presented by several people and has the following qualities:
- It has low fat, affordable prices, and attractive shapes.
- It uses healthy ingredients.
- It costs just Rs. 8 per cube.
- A cheese opener is provided free with each cheese container to help open it without using teeth.
- Liplocker Cheese will still be available after leaving the "cheese treasure world" being discussed.
This document contains personal and professional information about Okwuchukwu Victor Eze. It includes his name, date of birth, place of birth, nationality, gender, height, complexion, occupation, and contact information. It also lists his extensive experience and awards in acting, directing, dance, and production spanning over 30 years. His areas of expertise include acting, directing, dance librettos, networking, production management, screenwriting and teaching.
This document provides requirements for implementing self-organizing network (SON) and operations and maintenance (O&M) use cases as recommended by the NGMN Alliance. It describes requirements for self-configuration use cases like planning and optimizing radio parameters for new network nodes. It also outlines requirements for self-optimization use cases such as neighbor cell list optimization and interference control. Additional sections cover fault management and correction requirements as well as O&M related SON use cases. The document is intended to provide vendors with guidelines for developing SON solutions that are generic, align with 3GPP standards, and address key use cases identified by mobile network operators.
The document is the first issue of the official newsletter of PIFFA (Pakistan International Freight Forwarders Association).
1. It introduces the new Executive Committee of PIFFA for 2012-2013 and provides contact information for each member.
2. It summarizes several upcoming goals and initiatives of PIFFA, including creating new membership rules, defining a best practices code, continuing to promote the organization, addressing issues of unpaid debts in the industry, and ensuring members have a role in profitable businesses.
3. The newsletter highlights past and upcoming events involving PIFFA and provides information on the organization's various subcommittees.
Tidemark Enterprise Disruption In The Cloud Zd NetGregory Pence
A new startup called Tidemark offers a cloud-based system to help enterprises analyze and act on corporate data in a more flexible way than traditional on-premise software. Tidemark was designed specifically for the cloud model and focuses on business users rather than IT. This allows for easier implementation and use of the software to drive business decisions. While large vendors will eventually become strong cloud competitors, Tidemark has an opportunity to establish itself in the growing cloud market by rapidly innovating and showing the value of its cloud-based approach.
The article discusses the importance of data management for CFOs. It notes that as organizations collect more data, CFOs should take responsibility for ensuring the accuracy and accessibility of data. The article recommends that CFOs seize control over data structures, standardize and consolidate data across acquisitions, and partner with IT to ensure proper data governance. When CFOs effectively manage data, it allows them to provide more strategic insights and helps the organization achieve its goals.
The document provides information about the Venture Crew program, which is a coed section of Boy Scouts for youth aged 14-21. It aims to teach leadership, responsibility, and high adventure skills through a youth-led model with minimal adult involvement. The document discusses the need to improve support for Venture Crews in the Los Angeles area, particularly regarding summer camp programming. It provides details on awards, community outreach, and opportunities for involvement.
Dick Prince is a chief engineer and control systems engineer with experience in new build hotels, renovations, maintenance, supplier negotiations, re-organizations, and energy savings. He has worked at Parkhotel Amsterdam, Apollo Hotels & Resorts, Amstel InterContinental Amsterdam, The Dylan Amsterdam, Inntel Rotterdam, and as a first engineer for control systems and process engineering in petrochemistry. His references include Christian Beek, CEO of Glion Institute of Higher Education, and Martin Lindelauf, director of operations at EHP Hotels.
The document discusses the transition to digital scholarly publishing and open access. It notes that while the internet provides a platform for knowledge sharing, traditional publishing models have restricted access through paywalls. Some progress has been made through open access journals and self-archiving. Looking ahead, repositories could become nodes for open data sharing and collaboration, supporting new forms of e-science beyond traditional articles.
Cloud Computing As A Threat To Older Tech Companies Ny TimesGregory Pence
The International Data Corporation predicts that cloud computing, mobile devices, and social networking will drive huge changes in the technology industry, challenging many older companies. IDC estimates that spending on these new technologies will reach $700 billion by 2020, growing much faster than traditional IT. This rapid transition could see up to a third of major current companies like HP, Microsoft, Intel, and Oracle fade away as new leaders in mobile and cloud computing emerge. IDC also predicts massive growth in digital data, with over 8 zettabytes stored globally by 2015.
Este documento describe la vida y obra de San Pablo. Nació en el siglo I d.C. en Tarso, Turquía. Perseguía a los cristianos hasta que tuvo un encuentro con Jesucristo resucitado que le convirtió. Viajó extensamente para predicar el evangelio y fundar iglesias. Sufrió mucho por su fe, incluyendo azotes, apedreamientos y naufragios. Finalmente murió mártir decapitado en Roma por su predicación.
High quality Sony Vaio VGN-FZ battery,Sony VGP-BPS8 battery at
http://www.daily-battery.com
http://www.laptopbattery-shop.co.uk
http://www.gogeshop.com
1) The rapid growth in the number of published academic articles has created difficulties for traditional publishing models and information overload.
2) While the internet has created new opportunities for knowledge sharing, the transfer of traditional publishing systems online has also brought exclusive access rights that restrict information access.
3) In response, some scholars are establishing their own open access electronic journals, and self-archiving preprints and postprints online, though publishers argue this undermines their business models.
The document discusses financing models for open access academic publishing. It describes the traditional "closed access" model where publishers acquired exclusive rights to published articles in exchange for handling peer review and distribution, which became increasingly unsustainable. Open access proposes two main models: "green" open access involves self-archiving published articles in repositories, while "golden" open access involves publishing open access journals. For golden open access, alternative financing is needed like author-side payments. However, it is unclear if these fully cover costs. Open access highlights a shift from viewing publications as commodities to focusing on their role as an academic service.
This document discusses the hybrid open access publishing model Springer Open Choice. It begins by explaining that while open availability of research is welcomed, the formal peer review and publishing process requires financial resources. Traditionally, publishers covered costs through journal subscriptions but open access licensing does not generate the needed income.
The hybrid model allows authors a choice - they can opt to pay an article processing fee to make their work immediately open access, or not pay and it is accessible through subscriptions. This model balances open access goals with sustaining professional publishing. While concerns exist that this model risks losing established authors or makes communities pay twice, the document argues these fears are unfounded as quality control and cost accounting processes prevent double payments.
This document discusses the hybrid publishing model known as Springer Open Choice. Under this model, authors have the choice to publish their accepted article open access by paying an article processing fee, or through traditional subscription methods. The key points are:
1) This was the first major publisher to implement this hybrid model across their entire journal portfolio.
2) It allows authors to choose open access publication only after an article has undergone peer review and been accepted.
3) Open access articles are included in both the online and printed versions of journals.
4) Critics argue this model risks authors paying twice, but processing fees only cover costs of open access articles and are not factored into subscription rates.
This document summarizes the key perspectives in the debate around open access to scholarly publications. It discusses the perspectives of academics, publishers, and other stakeholders.
Academics generally support open access to maximize the dissemination of knowledge. However, publishers argue that the current subscription model is necessary to fund quality assurance processes and recoup investments. There are also disagreements around copyright and who it is intended to protect - authors or publishers. As the debate involves many complex issues around costs, quality, and rights, there is no uniform view among different academic fields or stakeholders.
1. There is an intense debate around open access between academics who want to maximize dissemination of research, and publishers who see themselves as partners to academia but rely on subscription models.
2. Academics argue the current system unfairly extracts taxpayer money at multiple steps, while publishers counter that they make massive investments in quality assurance and distribution.
3. There are also disagreements around copyright, with academics wanting to retain rights to make their work openly accessible after an embargo period, while publishers see copyright as necessary to protect their investments.
4. The debate now extends beyond academics and publishers to other public institutions.
This document discusses Springer's OpenChoice hybrid publishing model. It explains that under this model, authors have the choice to publish their article open access by paying an article processing fee, after the article has undergone peer review and been accepted for publication. This allows established journals to adopt open access without risking losing loyal authors. It also addresses some challenges for hybrid models, such as concerns that it requires the scientific community to pay twice, and that the redistribution of costs may result in some research institutions paying more than in the past.
This document summarizes Springer's OpenChoice hybrid publishing model. It explains that under this model, authors are given a choice to publish their accepted articles open access by paying an article processing fee, or through traditional subscriptions. This allows established journals to adopt open access without risking losing loyal authors. It also addresses criticisms of hybrid models, such as concerns about double-paying. Overall the hybrid model balances open access with maintaining scientific quality controls through peer review.
The document is the Brussels Declaration on STM Publishing signed by international scientific, technical, and medical publishing houses and trade associations. It outlines 10 principles that publishing houses believe are self-evident, including that publishers' mission is to maximize dissemination of knowledge through sustainable business models, they organize peer review processes, and support academic freedom and copyright. It also notes publishing costs and that "one size fits all" solutions will not work given differences between journals.
The document discusses two initiatives - SCOAP3 and the UC-Springer Open Access Pilot - that aim to transition scholarly journals to open access models while supporting existing publishers. It outlines the benefits of these "transformative" approaches, including being non-disruptive to authors and leveraging existing relationships. Challenges include publisher resistance and ensuring long-term cost control. Future directions discussed include embargo periods and diversifying revenue streams through submission fees.
The document discusses different models of open access scientific publishing and their relationship to exploitation versus dissemination of information. It argues that both green and gold open access models currently remain within the exploitation-based publication economy paradigm. It suggests adding value-added services around freely accessible content in order to transition to a more dissemination-centered approach. Longer term, it asserts that the traditional notion of scientific publishing needs reconsideration given technological changes, with a focus on deconstructing document-centric views in favor of networked data and information.
This paper reviews and analyzes the impact of Open Access (OA) publishing on medical research work. The aim is to establish, through literature review, how digital resources might provide an opportunity to house future medical scholarship outputs and the advantages or disadvantages versus traditional publishing.
This presentation served as the opening keynote during the first half of the NISO 2023 Humanities Roundtable, and was provided by Charles Watkinson of the University of Michigan Press/University of Michigan Library. The event focused on both Open Access of Humanities Monographs, and AI in Generative Content & Authorship, and was held virtually on June 20, 2023.
What the open access movement doesn't want you to knowPattie Pattie
The document discusses issues with the open-access movement that advocates often ignore or downplay. It notes that while open-access aims to provide free access to research, it shifts costs from consumers to authors through article processing fees. This can disadvantage researchers from less-funded institutions. Additionally, the document raises concerns about the exploitative practices and poor quality control of many open-access journals, including fake peer review processes and publishing dubious scientific claims to promote political agendas. The open-access model is seen as prioritizing authors over readers and eliminating value-added services from traditional publishers.
OA Models for Communities in the Social Sciences and in the HumanitiesK|N Consultants
At this presentation at the October 23, 2015, NFAIS workshop on "The Impact of Open Access Models: Finding Stable, Sustainable, and Scalable Solutions," Rebecca Kennison outlines the importance of open access in the context of the social sciences and in the humanities. In articulating the differences in research output between HSS and STEM, Kennison offers an approach to funding infrastructure in such diverse disciplines through the Open Access Network, which is designed to be supportive of both traditional short- and long-form output as well as emerging digital forms.
1) The rapid growth in the number of published academic articles has created difficulties for traditional publishing models and information overload.
2) While the internet has provided a platform for increased knowledge sharing, the transfer of traditional publishing systems online has come with exclusive access rights that restrict information access.
3) In response, some scholars have established their own open access electronic journals, and increasingly share preprints, postprints, and other works through personal or institutional websites and repositories. However, publishers remain concerned this could undermine revenue and peer review processes.
This workshop focuses on the key decisions involved when contemplating library- or university-based open access publishig against the backdrop of a vibrant, coplex and fast-moving UK and global scene. It touches upon issues of structure, accountability, expectations and also format and genre- e.g. books vs journals or textbooks - and problems connected to the diverse levels of awareness that exist about publishing and open access within academic communities. Andrew Lockett, University of Westminster Press
The document summarizes the Association of College and Research Libraries' (ACRL) position on scholarly communication reform. It outlines principles supported, such as open access to scholarship and fair use of copyrighted information. It also lists strategies supported, including developing open access journals, institutional repositories, and self-archiving. The goal is to create a more responsive and accessible system of scholarly communication.
How Publishers Can Thrive in an Open Access MarketplaceMarcus Banks
The document outlines potential scenarios for the future of scholarly publishing and open access. It predicts that immediate open access will become the default for publishing, starting in biosciences. Article processing charges may rise faster than inflation for top journals. Peer review could evolve to be continuous rather than tied to publication. Ideally, the cost of publishing articles would decline as openness and the scholarly process are incentivized. Publishers could provide services assisting researchers in sharing ideas, while funders and societies manage publication and librarians curate online content.
It appears highly probable that immediate open access publishing
will become the default mode for scholarly publishing – for the
biosciences first, other sectors later. ‘Immediate’ open access
means unfettered publication as soon as a scholarly work is
ready, with no embargo period. The costs of making a scholarly
artefact available can be reduced without sacrificing quality. This
interactive session will sketch the argument for these claims and
will present several value-added services that publishers could
develop to thrive in an open access world.
This document is a translation agreement between Ching-Chen Mao, an associate professor, and Dr. Robert Steegers. It grants Mao the right to translate an article by Steegers titled "Open Access and the German Academic System: Common Perspectives of the Alliance of Research Organisations" into simplified and traditional Chinese and publish the translation in print and digital formats. Mao agrees to accurately translate the work without changes and does not assume liability. No royalties will be paid as the translation is done in the spirit of open access. Copyright of the original work remains with the author.
The document discusses the idea of creating a unified catalog or "world's largest library" that would contain the catalogs of all libraries worldwide. It notes that while Amazon has millions of book titles in its catalog, a unified library catalog could contain tens of millions by combining the holdings of existing library collections. The document advocates enhancing catalog records with additional information like cover images, tables of contents, and reviews to help users discover relevant books. It also suggests making the unified catalog available online for users to search from anywhere in the world.
This document provides a historical overview of open access. It discusses key events in the open access movement, including the 2001 Budapest Open Access Initiative which aimed to promote free access to scholarly literature, and the 2003 Berlin Declaration on Open Access which was signed by many academic institutions worldwide. The document also examines some of the challenges to open access, such as concerns about loss of income from publishing and changes to existing systems of evaluating academic work. Overall it traces the development of open access from early initiatives to the present debate around establishing new models of academic publishing.
This document discusses open access in the fields of astronomy and astrophysics. It notes that while attitudes towards open access vary across disciplines, astronomy and astrophysics generally have a positive view. Research results in these fields are often made freely available online. The document advocates applying open access not just to publications but also to primary data. However, willingness to share data early varies. It also discusses issues like embargo periods and incentives needed to encourage open access publishing. Traditional publishers will need to adapt to new models to survive.
This document discusses open access to scholarly literature and digital library initiatives in South Asia. It provides links to resources on open access publishing models and policies, influential advocates of open access like Stevan Harnad, open access archives and repositories, studies on the impact of open access articles, and examples of open access policies adopted by universities.
This document discusses the background and motivation for a research study. It notes that the scholarly communication system established 350 years ago by Henry Oldenburg is now in crisis, as even the wealthiest libraries cannot purchase all academic publications. Journal prices have risen much faster than inflation or library budgets in recent decades. As a result, more than half of one research institute's journal subscription budget in India goes to only two large publishing companies, comprising over 10% of its total budget. This shows the system created by Oldenburg to share knowledge is now broken and compromises future scientific development.
1. Chapter 3: Implementing Open Access Models
第三章 開放近用模式的應用
Financing Open Access Models / Stefan Gradmann, Department of Library and Information Science,
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
開放近用模式的財務 / 斯蒂文·柯萊恩, 柏林洪堡大學圖書資訊學系
From the outset, one of the most controversial issues surrounding Open Access has been the financing
of Open Access models, or indeed the question of whether they can be financed at all. This question
was also one of the original motivations for Open Access as a possible answer to the general problem
of the affordability of academic publication routes. In the beginning, this complex subject was
discussed in a very one-dimensional fashion, focusing on the paradigm of what is frequently referred to
as the ‘serials crisis’. In the meantime, however, the multifarious aspects of the problem have become
apparent, and it has become clear that their treatment must not stop at the frontline question of how the
publication of journals should be financed. In this context, it is also important to consider what services
Open Access stands for within the academic value-creation chain, and who is ultimately to pay for
them. Finally, with regard to the question of finance, the fact that the publication economics of the
various academic cultures are just as fundamentally different as their forms of publication must be
taken into account.
從一開始, 開放近用模式的財務就是爭議最多的問題,或者換個角度問, 開放近用有自己的財務
規畫嗎? 這個問題也是產生開放近用的原始動機之一,用以解決學術出版路徑的可承受性。剛
開始時,這個複雜的主題侷限在'連續性出版品危機'的典範; 同時, 浮現出各種觀點, 很明顯地, 不
能把這個問題侷限在出版學刊的財務上。考量開放近用的學術在加值鏈上的服務後, 受益者付
費, 就是應該的事。最後,從財務的角度來看, 學術文化裡的出版經濟學, 其多樣化的程度等同於
出版品形式的多樣化。
The traditional ‘Closed Access’ finance model• ••••
傳統的'封閉近用'財務模式
For a long time, the dominant model of publishing scientific and scholarly articles in academic journals
was based on a chain of production and exploitation in which, as a rule, academics drawing their
salaries from public funds transferred the exclusive exploitation rights of their articles to publishers.
The publisher would ensure the quality of the content of these contributions prior to publication by
means of a peer review process, in which the referees were in most cases academics who drew their
salaries from the public purse. At the end of the chain, publicly funded libraries acquired the rights to
use these publications by subscribing to academic journals whose prices have shot up in recent years
and are increasingly regarded as being disproportionate to procedural costs.
長期以來,在學術期刊發表科學與學術論文的模式,是基於生產及利用的環節, 薪水來自公帑的
學者將使用其論文的權利, 獨家轉移給出版社。出版社以同儕評閱的方式, 保證出版內容的品質,
2. 評閱者的薪水同樣也來自公帑。到了學術活動鏈的尾端,公帑支持的圖書館以訂閱學術期刊的
方式, 取得使用這些出版品的權利。然而, 近年來飛漲的學刊價格, 已經被視為與其成本不相稱。
Many argue that ultimately, this is an extremely expensive outsourcing model, in which public funds
flow in three places at the same time. During the 1990s, it became more and more apparent that this
could no longer be afforded. In addition, with the appearance of electronic forms of dissemination,
libraries have found that they are now increasingly acquiring only limited and time-restricted rights to
publications, in other words a very limited return on the considerable outlay. A final point of criticism
has been that commercial dissemination routes no longer or inadequately serve maximum
dissemination of academic publications among the specialist readership for which they are intended.
歸根結底,許多人認為這是一個極為昂貴的外包模式,公帑同時從三個地方流出。到了 20 世紀
90 年代,越來越明顯,不可能再負擔這個模式。此外,在電子形式的傳播普及後,圖書館發現
只能取得出版品在有限時間內的部份權利,換句話說,大額的付出祗取得有限的回報。最後, 指
責商業傳播的途徑, 已經脫離預期服務的專業讀者群, 不能適時適當地散播學術出版品。
‘Green‘ and ‘golden‘ publication economics• ••••
出版經濟學的'玉律'和'金科'
Open Access was in essence a reaction to these developments. However, the two roads to Open Access
focus on quite different aspects. The ‘green road’, in which journal articles already published elsewhere
are made publicly available via private or institutional repositories, seeks above all to ensure the
maximum distribution of academic publications and thus to compensate a secondary effect of
traditional publication economics(32). It does not, however, change the way in which publication
economics functions, although it does possibly undermine it in that the sale of rights to use the articles,
an important source of income, may be lost without another replacing it. The financing system
represented by the traditional model would thus at least partly be put at risk. For this reason, many
doubt that the ‘green road’ can be a sustainable dissemination model in the long term.
開放近用在本質上反應這些事態的發展。然而,開放近用的兩個途徑, 卻形成不同的觀點。
在'玉律'上,已經在別處發表的學刊論文, 經由個人或機構典藏所公開, 確保學術出版品的極大
值,以彌補傳統出版經濟學的後續效應(註 32)。它沒有改變出版經濟的功能,僅可能破壞一個
重要的收入來源, 在沒有替代模式下, 失去販賣論文使用權的場合。傳統模式下的財務系統, 即使
不是全部也有部份, 將發生危機。出於這個原因,很多人懷疑, '玉律'可以是長期的傳播模式
嗎?
註 32: 斯蒂萬‧哈納德寫了很多論文, 探討此議題, 如: Harnad, Stevan & Brody, Tim, ‘Comparing the
Impact of Open Access (OA) vs. Non-OA Articles in the Same Journals’ = [比較同一學刊開放近用
與非開放近用論的影響力], in: D-Lib Magazine 10. 6 (2004). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june04/harnad/
06harnad.html.
The ‘golden road’ is a different case: in implementing electronic journals in the Open Access model, a
method must be found to finance the procedural costs. This necessitates alternative approaches in
publication economics to replace the traditional method of finance through the sale of rights of use.
One frequently chosen method is to recover the costs from the author or institution responsible for the
article instead of from the end-user. In this ‘author pays’ model, ‘per page’ or ‘per article’ charges are
supposed to cover the procedural costs including the peer review process. Thus, for example, the Public
3. Library of Science (PLoS) currently charges article fees ranging between USD 1 250 (PLoS ONE) and
USD 2 500 (PLoS Biology). BioMed Central charges USD 1 700 per article. Atmospheric Chemistry
and Physics (ACP) charges between USD 23 and USD 68 per page depending on the work required by
individual manuscripts.
'金科'是另一種情況:將開放近用模式應用於電子期刊,必須找到支應成本的資金。不能採用
傳統的方式, 從出售使用權籌措資金, 較常見的替代方案是, 向論文的作者或所屬機構收費, 而不
向最終使用者收費。在'此作者付費'模式下,以'每頁'或'每'篇'為計價單位, 甚收入應足以支應包
括同儕評閱在內的出版行政費用。例如,科學公共圖書館出版的學刊, 它的收費標準不一, 每篇
收費從 1,250 美元(PLoS ONE[綜合類])至 2,500 美元(PLoS Biology[生物學])不等; 生物醫學中心
出版的學刊, 每篇收費 1,700 美元; 大氣化學與物理學刊, 視手稿的情況, 每頁收費 23 美元至 68 美
元之間。
It is often unclear, however, to what extent the income generated in this way would really cover the
cost of publication, or, to put it differently, to what extent publication would depend on grants or other
subsidies, as are for example given by BioMed through endowments(33). It may be possible to justify
such a public subsidy in the long term with the argument that the publication of results is one of the
core functions of academic institutions(34).
不過, 現在還不清楚,這種收入方式是否能支應出版的成本,或者換句話說,出版可以仰賴獎助
或其他補助到什麼程度, 雖然, 生物醫學中心出版社靠著捐贈就能存活(註 33)。有人提出論點, 指
出這種公眾補助有可能是長期的, 因為出版的結果是學術機構的核心功能(註 34)。
註 33: 即使在學術與專業學會出版協會於 2005 年贊助的研究報告裡, 'The Facts about Open
Access' = [開放近用的事實] (http://www.alpsp.org/ForceDownload.asp?id=70 ), 對此問題做出最詳
盡的調查, 但還是沒有明確的答案; 在此報告第 43 及 44 頁的兩個財務報表裡, 出現相當不一致的
結果。
註 34: 約翰‧威林斯基(John Willinsky)在他的論著中提出明確的論點, ‘Scholarly Associations and
the Economic Viability of Open Access Publishing’ = [學會與開放近用出版的經濟學], 在 Journal of
Digital information 4. 2 (2004). http://journals.tdl.org/jodi/article/view/jodi-117/103.
The ‘author pays’ financing approach is also becoming increasingly appealing for commercial
academic publishers. Thus, for example, Springer is pursuing a declared Open Access policy through
its ‘Open Choice’ concept, albeit with the high fee of USD 3 000 per article.
'作者付費'逐漸在商業出版社間流行, 例如: 施普林格以'開放選擇'為名推出開放近用政策, 每篇文
章收費高達 3,000 美元。
Academic publication: commodity or service?•••••
學術出版: 商業或服務
Financial considerations in Open Access should not be limited to the funding models described above,
if only in relation to the publication culture in the humanities. The latter is characterised to a large
extent by the monograph, which is a different publication format. It is obvious that funding models here
4. have to start from hitherto largely unknown and little-discussed parameters. From the outset, the
determining factors will be not so much the relatively modest procedural and production costs as the
possible added value for scholarship as a result of free availability on the Internet.
從人文學科的出版文化來看, 開放近用的財務考量, 不應設限於上述的財務模式。人文學科的作
品以專書居多, 與論文相比, 是完全不同的出版形式。很顯然,完全不清楚這種財務的模式, 甚少
討論的參數。不能以置於網際網路的自由近用為基礎, 做為相對溫和的程序和學術附加價值的決
定因素。
Even in areas currently dominated by the journal format, however, the genuine potential of electronic
publication methods will increasingly be exploited. Therefore, results cannot be offered as statically
tailored publication products anymore, because they contain dynamic, interactive or multimedia
components, for example. If such publication methods are to be implemented on a sustainable basis,
new business models are needed.
在學刊主宰的領域裡, 電子出版的潛力即將爆發出來。它的呈現方式超越靜態的出版, 還包括動
態的、互動的或多媒體等元件。當應用到這些出版方式後, 就有必要採用新的商業模式。
Those designing such models may find the following consideration helpful. Because of its pronounced
concentration on the exploitation model, the traditional publishing industry was dependent on defining
academic publications as a commodity that could be exploited. So far, Open Access has taken over this
logic basically unaltered, providing only for a redesign of the funding methods and cash flows.
However, this ‘commodity character‘ of academic publications will not be dominant for much longer.
Even the strategies of major commercial providers show signs of a rethink away from the commodity-
geared model based on exploitation of rights. They seem to be moving towards a service model, where
users no longer pay for the finished publication as a commodity, but rather for services provided along
the publication process, such as novel aggregation or localisation services.
以下的思考, 對於設計這些模式可能有幫助。由於集中於開發模式,傳統的出版業者將學術出版
品界定為可以開發的商品。到目前為止,在重新設計籌資模式及現金流向時, 開放近用還是採用
這種邏輯。然而,這種學術出版品的'商品特性', 不會長期居於主導地位。即使是大型商業出版
社的策略, 也從開發權利的面向, 重新思考商業模式。他們似乎朝向服務模式前進,使用者不再
以商品的觀念支付費用, 轉向支付費用給出版過程所提供的服務, 如同創新的聚集或在地化服
務。
According to these models, access to the content itself will in principle be free, and the present
boundaries between Open Access and commercial models could thus become increasingly blurred. The
business models underlying such future open electronic publishing will presumably be designed by the
present-day protagonists of Open Access in cooperation with commercial publishers who are currently
regarded as antagonists.
根據這些模式,原則上, 近用內容本身將是免費的,衡亙在開放近用和商業模式之間的界線將日
趨模糊。現今的開放近用要角將與對立面的商業出版社攜手合作, 設計出未來的開放電子出版。
5. Academic publication and the academic added-value cycle• ••••••••••••
學術出版品與學術加值圈
Service-based Open Access models will not be feasible on a truly sustainable basis until the publication
of scientific and scholarly matter is clearly seen as just one stage in a holistically conceived academic
value-added process(35). This can be understood as a cycle starting with the author and leading back to
the start of the cycle via the referees of the publication, the publication stage itself, the administration
of the publications in libraries, and finally the academic reception and discussion of the contents by
readers (who in turn are once again potential authors!). If we look at this cycle from the point of view
of funding as a whole, the costs of the publication in a narrower sense become comparatively marginal
and can be recovered from the provision of services rendered prior to, subsequent to and in the context
of publication.
服務導向的開放近用模式不太可能發生, 直到科學與學術出版事宜, 被清楚地視為整體學術加值
過程的一個階段(註 35)。這個加值圈從作者、評審、出版品本身、圖書館的出版品管理者、讀
者對內容的學術認知及討論(再次成為潛在的作者), 再回到作者。狹義來說, 如果我們從資金面
審視整個過程, 出版的成本處於邊緣的地位, 可經由出版內容之前中後的服務, 完全涵蓋。
註 35: 可預見的加值圈變化, 請參照這篇有趣又具有啟發性的文章, Roosendaal, Hans E., Geurts,
Peter A.T.M. & van der Vet, Paul, ‘Eine neue Wertschöpfungskette für den Markt der
wissenschaftlichen Information?’, in: Bibliothek – Forschung und Praxis 26. 2 (2002):149–153. http://
www.bibliothek-saur.de/2002_2/149-153.pdf.
p. 45-49
Open Access: Opportunities and challenges. A handbook [開放近用 : 機會及挑戰] / European
Commission/German Commission for UNESCO). -- Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of
the European Communities, 2008. -- 144 pp., 14.8 x 21.0 cm. -- ISBN 978-92-79-06665-8. -- EUR
23459, http://tinyurl.com/3q8wo5