關於工業的解釋名詞

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空間轉移

• 空間移轉即是產業轉移，其含意是由於不同國
家或區域，其產業發展條件發生變化，進而引
起某些產業在空間上由某一地理區域轉移至另
一區域的過程，也就是生產基地從原生產地完
全轉移至另一地區。原始生產區位通常不再負
生產任務。如 : 英國的工業發展

區位擴散
• 區位擴散的概念為依據各地的區位優勢
，逐步地將產業供應鏈擴展至不同的地
區，也就是原生產地與其他地區同時都
有此一產業。
• 區位擴散無論以何種形式擴散，原來的
地區保有最核心的技術與行銷理念，且
仍是主要生產區位之一。如 : 捷安特總
部設在台中大甲

區位聚集與產業群聚

• 相同產業集中在全球幾個重要的國家和
地區，產生聚集經濟效應。
• 相同的產業並具有上，中、下游關聯性
的產業聚集一起稱之。如上海的科技產
業

區位混合

• 研發、製造、行銷和管理部門同時間在
一地設立，同時扮演多種角色的現象。
• 在產業發展的上，高科技產業在選址上
，大多以具備交通，大學或研究機構等
外部條件做為產業設置的地點

垂直分工與水平分工

• 垂直分工 : 生產鏈上的工廠結合為階層體系，
上游階層生產的產品，是下游另一個工廠的原
料，最後製造出來市場的消費品。
• 水平分工 : 相同產品為了掌握市場，在不同地
區設立分公司，生產相同產品。例如世界知名
的休閒運動服製造商 GAP ，在英、法、美、
加等國設有分公司製造相同的產品。

垂直整合

•垂直整合 : 一個產品從原料到成品，最
後到消費者手中經過許多階段。如果一
個公司原本負責某一階段，當公司開始
生產過去由其供貨商供應的原料，或當
公司開始生產過去由其所生產原料製成
的產品時，謂垂直整合。
如 : 台塑，鴻海

垂直整合 - 三星

• 三星首先贏在業鏈的垂直整合，其次又
有較好的品牌優勢，同時硬件品品質也
不錯，包括獨有的大屏，用了之後大家
都很喜歡。” IHS 中國研究部總監王陽這
樣總結三星成功的客觀原因。其中，三
星的垂直整合已經成為全球消費電子企
業紛紛效仿的模式。

水平整合

• 併吞或收購和自己的企業。
• 有擴大產品與市場規模、市場價格影響
力、成本降低、成長動力、管理殊異風
險、整合經濟效益、獲得市場資訊能力
、產品差異化等優點；但會遭遇封銷與
排擠現象之缺點。

策略聯盟

• 由兩家或兩家以上的公司，基於共同的
目標而形成，各取所需、截長補短、各
有優勢長處、相互合作。
• 如 : 例如 yahoo 與微軟開放各自所屬的
體（ MSN Messenger 與雅虎通）互通，
即是為了防堵 Google 的強勢進逼

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關於工業的解釋名詞

1. 關於工業的解釋名詞

2. 空間轉移 • 空間移轉即是產業轉移，其含意是由於不同國家或區域，其產業發展條件發生變化，進而引起某些產業在空間上由某一地理區域轉移至另一區域的過程，也就是生產基地從原生產地完全轉移至另一地區。原始生產區位通常不再負生產任務。如 : 英國的工業發展

3. 區位擴散 • 區位擴散的概念為依據各地的區位優勢，逐步地將產業供應鏈擴展至不同的地區，也就是原生產地與其他地區同時都有此一產業。 • 區位擴散無論以何種形式擴散，原來的地區保有最核心的技術與行銷理念，且仍是主要生產區位之一。如 : 捷安特總部設在台中大甲

4. 區位聚集與產業群聚 • 相同產業集中在全球幾個重要的國家和地區，產生聚集經濟效應。 • 相同的產業並具有上，中、下游關聯性的產業聚集一起稱之。如上海的科技產業

5. 區位混合 • 研發、製造、行銷和管理部門同時間在一地設立，同時扮演多種角色的現象。 • 在產業發展的上，高科技產業在選址上，大多以具備交通，大學或研究機構等外部條件做為產業設置的地點

6. 垂直分工與水平分工 • 垂直分工 : 生產鏈上的工廠結合為階層體系，上游階層生產的產品，是下游另一個工廠的原料，最後製造出來市場的消費品。 • 水平分工 : 相同產品為了掌握市場，在不同地區設立分公司，生產相同產品。例如世界知名的休閒運動服製造商 GAP ，在英、法、美、加等國設有分公司製造相同的產品。

7. 垂直整合 •垂直整合 : 一個產品從原料到成品，最後到消費者手中經過許多階段。如果一個公司原本負責某一階段，當公司開始生產過去由其供貨商供應的原料，或當公司開始生產過去由其所生產原料製成的產品時，謂垂直整合。如 : 台塑，鴻海

8. 垂直整合 - 三星 • 三星首先贏在業鏈的垂直整合，其次又有較好的品牌優勢，同時硬件品品質也不錯，包括獨有的大屏，用了之後大家都很喜歡。” IHS 中國研究部總監王陽這樣總結三星成功的客觀原因。其中，三星的垂直整合已經成為全球消費電子企業紛紛效仿的模式。

9. 水平整合 • 併吞或收購和自己的企業。 • 有擴大產品與市場規模、市場價格影響力、成本降低、成長動力、管理殊異風險、整合經濟效益、獲得市場資訊能力、產品差異化等優點；但會遭遇封銷與排擠現象之缺點。

10. 策略聯盟 • 由兩家或兩家以上的公司，基於共同的目標而形成，各取所需、截長補短、各有優勢長處、相互合作。 • 如 : 例如 yahoo 與微軟開放各自所屬的體（ MSN Messenger 與雅虎通）互通，即是為了防堵 Google 的強勢進逼

關於工業的解釋名詞

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