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‫קורא‬ ‫אני‬ ‫עמדה‬ ‫מאיזו‬
/
‫התורה‬ ‫את‬ ‫ת‬
‫כלניות‬
‫מתוך‬
:
‫עברית‬ ‫עבודה‬ ‫בוסה‬ ‫דמארי‬ ‫שושנה‬
"
‫כלניות‬
"
‫הוא‬
‫הכינוי‬
‫שניתן‬
‫על‬
‫ידי‬
‫אנשי‬
‫היישוב‬
‫לחיילי‬
‫הדיוויזיה‬
‫המוטסת‬
‫הבריטית‬
‫השישית‬
,
‫שהוצבה‬
‫בארץ‬
‫ישראל‬
‫בספטמבר‬
1945
.
‫כצנחנים‬
‫חבשו‬
‫חיילי‬
‫הדיוויזיה‬
‫השישית‬
‫כומתות‬
‫אדומות‬
,
‫ובשל‬
‫כך‬
‫הדביקו‬
‫להם‬
‫אנשי‬
‫היישוב‬
‫את‬
‫הכינוי‬
"
‫כלניות‬
"
.
‫שירה‬
‫של‬
‫שושנה‬
‫דמארי‬
‫שיצא‬
‫לאור‬
‫באותה‬
‫התקופה‬
,
"
‫כלניות‬
"
(
‫מילים‬
:
‫נתן‬
‫אלתרמן‬
,
‫לחן‬
:
‫משה‬
‫וילנסקי‬
)
,
‫שהיה‬
‫במקור‬
‫שיר‬
‫אהבה‬
‫לארץ‬
‫ישראל‬
‫ולנופה‬
,
‫הפך‬
‫למעין‬
‫המנון‬
‫המאבק‬
‫בכלניות‬
‫הבריטיות‬
.
‫עדן‬ ‫גן‬
–
‫באמת‬ ‫היה‬ ‫זה‬
?
"
‫תגידו‬
,
‫הסיפור‬
‫של‬
‫גן‬
‫עדן‬
‫היה‬
‫באמת‬
?
"
‫אלמה‬
‫הייתה‬
‫חכמה‬
‫כמו‬
‫שדה‬
‫קטנה‬
,
‫היא‬
‫בכיתה‬
‫ב‬
'
‫והתחילה‬
‫ללמוד‬
‫את‬
‫ספר‬
‫בראשית‬
.
‫היו‬
‫לה‬
‫תמיד‬
‫המון‬
‫שאלות‬
‫וגם‬
‫הרבה‬
‫יותר‬
‫תשובות‬
.
"
‫מה‬
?
"
‫שאלתי‬
‫כמו‬
‫התעוררתי‬
‫מחלום‬
.
"
‫למה‬
‫אתה‬
‫לא‬
‫מקשיב‬
,
‫שאלתי‬
‫האם‬
‫סיפור‬
‫גן‬
‫עדן‬
‫היה‬
‫באמת‬
?
‫אתם‬
‫הרי‬
‫חכמים‬
‫כל‬
‫כך‬
‫בטח‬
‫תדעו‬
"
‫אמרה‬
‫בחנופה‬
.
‫אלמה‬
‫ידעה‬
‫שאחרי‬
‫משפט‬
‫כזה‬
‫לא‬
‫נעיז‬
‫לגרש‬
‫אותה‬
.
‫אני‬
‫חשבתי‬
‫רגע‬
‫ואמרתי‬
"
‫תראי‬
,
‫אני‬
‫לא‬
‫מגדיר‬
‫את‬
‫עצמי‬
‫אדם‬
‫מאמין‬
,
‫אבל‬
‫מי‬
‫שמאמין‬
‫יאמר‬
‫לך‬
‫שזה‬
‫סיפור‬
‫אמיתי‬
,
‫אפילו‬
‫אלוהי‬
.
"
‫נועם‬
‫הסתכלה‬
‫עלי‬
‫פליאה‬
‫ואמרה‬
"
‫איך‬
‫אתה‬
‫יכול‬
‫לומר‬
‫שזה‬
‫אמיתי‬
,
‫נחש‬
‫מדבר‬
‫וכל‬
‫זה‬
,
‫מבחינה‬
‫מדעית‬
‫זו‬
‫אגדת‬
‫ילדים‬
.
"
‫עדי‬
‫הקשיבה‬
‫לנו‬
‫והתערבה‬
‫בשיחה‬
"
‫אני‬
‫חושבת‬
‫שזה‬
‫בכלל‬
‫לא‬
‫חשוב‬
‫אם‬
‫זה‬
‫היה‬
‫באמת‬
‫או‬
‫לא‬
‫היה‬
‫באמת‬
.
‫זה‬
‫סיפור‬
‫על‬
‫עולם‬
‫מושלם‬
‫שאירוע‬
‫מסוים‬
–
‫חוסר‬
‫הציות‬
‫לאלוהים‬
‫ואכילת‬
‫הפרי‬
‫האסור‬
–
‫שבר‬
‫אותו‬
‫ומאז‬
‫בני‬
‫אדם‬
‫כל‬
‫הזמן‬
‫מנסים‬
‫לתקן‬
‫ולחזור‬
‫לעולם‬
‫המושלם‬
‫שלהם‬
"
.
‫יובל‬
‫אמרה‬
‫שלדעתה‬
‫זה‬
‫סיפור‬
‫שבני‬
‫אדם‬
‫המציאו‬
‫כדי‬
‫להסביר‬
‫לעצמם‬
‫למה‬
‫העולם‬
‫כל‬
‫כך‬
‫קשה‬
–
‫כשהם‬
‫חשבו‬
‫על‬
‫הסיפור‬
‫נשים‬
‫מתו‬
‫בלידתם‬
‫וגברים‬
‫עבדו‬
‫בעבודות‬
‫פיסיות‬
–
‫ואז‬
‫היה‬
‫להם‬
‫הסבר‬
‫הגיוני‬
‫לסיבות‬
‫לקושי‬
‫של‬
‫החיים‬
.
‫חוצמזה‬
‫בעזרת‬
‫הסיפור‬
‫הם‬
‫הבינו‬
‫למה‬
‫אנשים‬
‫מתים‬
,
‫כי‬
‫אדם‬
‫וחוה‬
‫אכלו‬
‫מעץ‬
‫הדעת‬
‫וגורשו‬
‫מגן‬
‫עדן‬
.
"
‫מאיה‬
‫אמרה‬
‫שהטקסט‬
‫כתוב‬
‫כל‬
‫כך‬
‫יפה‬
,
‫ממש‬
‫יצירה‬
‫ספרותית‬
‫ובכלל‬
‫לא‬
‫חשוב‬
‫לה‬
‫האם‬
‫זה‬
‫אמיתי‬
,
‫כי‬
‫היצירה‬
‫האנושית‬
‫היא‬
‫האמיתית‬
‫בשבילה‬
.
‫באופן‬
‫מפתיע‬
‫לאורי‬
‫לא‬
‫הייתה‬
‫תשובה‬
‫רק‬
‫שאלה‬
–
"
‫אתם‬
‫חושבים‬
‫שבעוד‬
‫תרבויות‬
‫יש‬
‫סיפור‬
‫כמו‬
‫הסיפור‬
‫של‬
‫גן‬
‫עדן‬
?
"
‫אלמה‬
‫הסתכלה‬
‫עלינו‬
‫בפה‬
‫פעור‬
.
‫ואז‬
‫אמרה‬
:
"
‫שישה‬
‫אנשים‬
,
‫שש‬
‫דעות‬
.
‫לכל‬
‫אחד‬
‫יש‬
‫הסבר‬
‫נפלא‬
‫אבל‬
‫מי‬
‫צודק‬
?
‫הכיפה‬
?
‫הכפה‬
:
‫הרבה‬
‫יהודים‬
‫מסורתיים‬
‫חובשים‬
‫את‬
‫הכובע‬
‫הזה‬
‫מתוך‬
‫אמונה‬
‫במקור‬
‫האלוהי‬
‫של‬
‫התורה‬
‫ובהתגלות‬
‫האל‬
‫בסיני‬
.
‫חובש‬
‫הכובע‬
‫הזה‬
‫מחויב‬
‫לטקסט‬
‫התנכ‬
"
‫י‬
‫כתורה‬
‫למשה‬
‫מסיני‬
‫וכטקסט‬
‫אחיד‬
‫וקדוש‬
‫לכל‬
‫דבר‬
‫הארכיאולוג‬
?
‫כובעו‬
‫של‬
‫הארכיאולוג‬
-
‫המדען‬
.
‫חובש‬
‫הכובע‬
‫הזה‬
,
‫משתמש‬
‫בכלים‬
‫מדעיים‬
,
‫והיסטוריים‬
‫להבין‬
‫את‬
‫משמעותו‬
‫של‬
‫הטקסט‬
‫המקראי‬
.
‫הארכיאולוג‬
‫חוקר‬
‫את‬
‫הסביבה‬
‫ההיסטורית‬
,
‫תקבולות‬
‫היסטוריות‬
‫בתרבויות‬
‫השונות‬
‫ותקבולות‬
‫בשפות‬
‫אחרות‬
.
‫הפילוסוף‬
?
‫כובעו‬
‫של‬
‫הפילוסוף‬
-
‫מתייחס‬
‫לטקסט‬
‫המקראי‬
‫כמקור‬
‫לחשיפת‬
‫מושגי‬
‫אמת‬
,
‫מהעת‬
‫העתיקה‬
‫וגם‬
‫בני‬
‫זמנו‬
.
‫הפילוסוף‬
‫ניגש‬
‫לטקסט‬
‫עם‬
‫מגוון‬
‫עשיר‬
‫של‬
‫שאלות‬
‫שדרכן‬
‫הוא‬
‫מנסה‬
‫לחתור‬
‫לאמת‬
‫הפילוסופית‬
,
‫ללא‬
‫מחויבות‬
‫לשום‬
‫אמת‬
‫דתית‬
.
‫הפסיכולוג‬
?
‫כובעו‬
‫של‬
‫הפסיכולוג‬
-
‫הפסיכולוג‬
‫ניגש‬
‫לטקסט‬
‫המקראי‬
‫בניסיון‬
‫להבין‬
‫את‬
‫הפן‬
‫הפסיכולוגי‬
‫של‬
‫הטקסט‬
.
‫הפסיכולוג‬
‫מנסה‬
‫להבין‬
‫את‬
‫עלילת‬
‫הסיפור‬
‫המקראי‬
,
‫התנהגות‬
‫הדמיות‬
‫התנכיות‬
,
‫ולנתחן‬
‫דרך‬
‫תיאוריות‬
‫פסיכולוגיות‬
‫שונות‬
.
‫האנתרופולוג‬
?
‫כובעו‬
‫של‬
‫האנתרופולוג‬
(
‫הבלש‬
)
-
‫האנתרופולוג‬
‫חוקר‬
‫תרבויות‬
‫שונות‬
‫ומנסה‬
‫להשוות‬
‫ולהבחין‬
‫בהתנהגות‬
‫אנושית‬
‫בין‬
‫תרבותית‬
.
‫האנתרופולוג‬
‫לומד‬
‫את‬
‫הטקסט‬
‫המקראי‬
‫בניסיון‬
‫להבין‬
‫איך‬
‫הטקסט‬
‫השפיע‬
‫על‬
‫נורמות‬
‫תרבותיות‬
‫במשך‬
‫ההיסטוריה‬
‫המשורר‬
?
‫כובעו‬
‫של‬
‫המשורר‬
-
‫המשורר‬
‫מתייחס‬
‫לתנ‬
"
‫ך‬
‫כעבודה‬
‫ספרותית‬
‫רוויה‬
‫במשמעות‬
‫ספרותית‬
.
‫המשורר‬
‫מחפש‬
‫תבניות‬
‫ספרותיות‬
,
‫סמליות‬
‫במילים‬
‫ותקבולות‬
‫עם‬
‫ספרות‬
‫קלאסית‬
‫אחרות‬
.
‫הדעת‬ ‫עץ‬ ‫פרי‬ ‫מהו‬
?
‫תניא‬
,
‫אילן‬
‫שאכל‬
‫ממנו‬
‫אדם‬
‫הראשון‬
,
‫רבי‬
‫מאיר‬
‫אומר‬
:
‫גפן‬
‫היה‬
,
‫שאין‬
‫לך‬
‫דבר‬
‫שמביא‬
‫יללה‬
‫על‬
‫האדם‬
‫אלא‬
‫יין‬
,
‫שנאמר‬
"
‫וישת‬
‫מן‬
‫היין‬
‫וישכר‬
"
(
‫בראשית‬
‫ט‬
)
.
‫רבי‬
‫נחמיה‬
‫אומר‬
:
‫תאנה‬
‫הייתה‬
‫שבדבר‬
‫שנתקלקלו‬
‫בו‬
‫נתקנו‬
,
‫שנאמר‬
"
‫ויתפרו‬
‫עלה‬
‫תאנה‬
"
(
‫בראשית‬
‫ג‬
)
.
‫רבי‬
‫יהודה‬
‫אומר‬
:
‫חיטה‬
‫הייתה‬
‫שאין‬
‫התינוק‬
‫יודע‬
‫לקרות‬
‫אבא‬
‫ואמא‬
‫עד‬
‫שיטעום‬
‫טעם‬
‫דגן‬
.
‫בבלי‬ ‫תלמוד‬
,
‫ברכות‬ ‫מסכת‬
,
‫ע‬ ‫מ‬
"
‫א‬

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