SQL Project

Aisling Fallon Higher Diploma in Computing
1
Oracle SQL-Noel Tierney
Higher Diploma in Computing 2013/2014
Internet Cafe Users
2014
AislingFallon
A00203593
1/13/2014

1
Table of Contents Page No.
1. Introduction………..............................................……. 2
2. Data…………………………………………………………………….. 3
3. Identifying Primary and Foreign Keys………………… 4
4. ERD Entity Relationship Diagram………………………… 5
5. Extended ERD……………………………………………………… 6
6. Create Table Statements………………………………………. 7-10
7. Insert Statements………………………………………………… 11-20
8. Tables………………………………………………………………….. 21-23
9. Single Table Queries…………………………………………….. 24-29
10. Joins……………………………………………………………………. 30-36
11. Summary Queries………………………………………………… 37-41
12. Subqueries…………………………………………………………… 42-54
13. Inserts, Updates and Deletes………………………………… 55-68
14. Views……………………………………………………………………. 69-80
15. Alter Tables…………………………………………………………. 81-84
16. Security……………………………………………………………….. 85-87
17. Transaction Processing…………………………………………… 88-98

2
1. Introduction
This projectinvolved the use of oracleSQL. A set of tables and columns for an Internet Cafe User had to be
examined in order to identify the various linksbetween the tables and to establish theprimary and foreign
keys. An Entity Relationship Diagrams could then be created to show clearly the directlinks between the
tables.
When this was complete data was populated in the various columns of each table, then usingcreate table
statements and insertstatements the data was inserted into OracleSQL.
This allowed for the followingto be achieved usingselectstatements:
-DML(Data Manipulation Language)-Inserts,Updates,Deletes
-DDL(Data Description Language)-Create, Alter, Drop
-DCL(Data Control Language)-Grant Revoke

3
2. Data
Internet Café Users ICU
Aisling Fallon Internet Café Users ICU HDC Sep 2013
Organisation thatoperates a number of internet cafes around the country. Each cafe has a number of
computers and other gadgets (Ipads,laptops,tablets etc). Users details arestored and each time that a user
wants to avail of a computer a booking (café_user_booking) holds information aboutthe computer used, who
used itand for how long, as well as the amount charged to the customer. When computers break down or
need maintenance, one of the technicians employed by the organisation repairsthecomputer.
Internet_Café (Internet_Café_Id, Name, Address, Town, County, Web_Site, Email,Year_Opened,
Rate_Per_Hour, Facilities (Drinks, Snacks, Sandwiches)
(Note the opening and closing times are to be stored as numbers and will be whole numbers between 1 and 24
ie the 24 hour clock)
Café_User (Café_User_Id, Firstname, Lastname, Address, Town, County, Gender, Date_Of_Birth, Nationality,
Mobile_No, Email,Type (Student, Retired, Working, Unemployed), User_Level (Novice, Intermediate, Expert)
Gadget (Gadget_ID, Name, Type (Laptop, PC, Tablet etc,), Screen_Size, Hard_Disk_Size, RAM_Size,
Operating_System (eg Windows 2000,Linux, Vista etc), Video_Card (Yes, No), Sound_Card (Yes/No),
Date_Purchased, Cost_Price, Expected_Life (express in months), Resale_Value,Internet_Café_Id, Supplier_ID,)
Café_User_Booking( Café_User_ID, Gadget_Id,Date_Booked, Start_Time, End_Time, Amount_Due, Activity
(Email, Internet, Word Processing, Excel, Access, Other), Payment_Method (Cash, Credit Card, Laser Card)
Supplier (Supplier_Id,Name, Address, Country, Web_Site, Year_Founded, Specialism(PCs,Laptops,
Peripherals, Servers),Annual_Turnover)
Gadget_Repair(Gadget_Id, Repair_Date, Details,Cost, Time_Taken, (express in minutes), Technician_Id)
Technician (Technician_Id,FName, Sname, Address, Town, County, Qualifications(Certificate, Degree, MSc),
Expertise (Hardware, Software, Networks), Hourly_Rate, Date_Hired, Mobile_No)

4
3. Identifying Primary and Foreign Keys
Internet_Café PK-Internet_Café_Id, Name, Address, Town, County, Web_Site, Email,Year_Opened,
Rate_Per_Hour, Facilities
Café_UserPK-Café_User_Id, Firstname,Lastname, Address, Town, County, Gender, Date_Of_Birth, Nationality,
Mobile_No, Email,Type ,User_Level
Supplier PK- Supplier_Id, Name, Address, Country, Web_Site, Year_Founded, Specialism,Annual_Turnover
Gadget Pk-Gadget_ID, Name, Type Screen_Size, Hard_Disk_Size, RAM_Size,
Operating_System,Video_Card,Sound_Card,Date_Purchased, Cost_Price, Expected_Life,Resale_Value, FK-
Internet_Café_Id, FK- Supplier_ID
Café_User_BookingFk- Café_User_ID,FK- Gadget_Id,Date_Booked, Start_Time, End_Time, Amount_Due,
Activity, Payment_Method
Technician Pk- Technician_Id,FName, Sname, Address, Town, County, Qualifications,Expertise,Hourly_Rate,
Date_Hired, Mobile_No
Gadget_RepairPk-Gadget_Id, Repair_Date, Details,Cost, Time_TakenFK-Technician_Id

5
4. ERD-Entity Relationship Diagram

6
5. Extended ERD

7
6. Create Table Statements
drop
table Internet_Cafe ;
create
table Internet_Cafe (
Internet_Cafe_Id Number ( 3 ) ,
Name Varchar2 ( 19 ) ,
Address Varchar2 ( 15 ) ,
Town Varchar2 ( 14 ) ,
County Varchar2 ( 9 ) ,
Web_Site Varchar2 ( 19 ) ,
Email Varchar2 ( 24 ) ,
Year_Opened Number ( 4 ) ,
Rate_Per_Hour Number ( 1 )
ConstraintIntC_Rate_Per_Hour_NN NOT
NULL,
Facilities Varchar2 ( 11 ) ,
Constraint IntC_IntCId_PK Primary Key(Internet_Cafe_Id),
Constraint IntC_County_Ck Check(County In('Cavan', 'Clare', 'Cork', 'Sligo', 'Roscommon')),
Constraint IntC_Name_Uq Unique(Name));
drop
table Cafe_User ;
create
table Cafe_User (
Cafe_User_Id Number ( 2 ) ,
Firstname Varchar2 ( 7 ) ,
Lastname Varchar2 ( 9 ) ,
Gender Varchar2 ( 6 ) ,
Date_Of_Birth Date
ConstraintCafe_User_Date_Of_Birth_NN
NOT NULL,
Nationality Varchar2 ( 7 ) ,
Mobile_No Number ( 11 ) ,
Email Varchar2 ( 21 ) ,
Type Varchar2 ( 10 ) ,
User_Level Varchar2 ( 12 ) ,
Constraint Cafe_User_Cafe_User_Id_PK Primary Key(Cafe_User_Id),
Constraint Café_User_Nationality_Ck Check(Nationality In('Irish', 'French', 'British', 'Italian', 'Welsh'))
Constraint Café_User_Email_Uq Unique(Email));

8
drop
table Supplier ;
create
table Supplier (
Supplier_Id Number ( 2 ) ,
Name Varchar2 ( 25 ) ConstraintSupplier_Name_NN NOT NULL,
Country Varchar2 ( 13 ) ,
Web_Site Varchar2 ( 20 ) ,
Year_Founded Number ( 4 ) ,
Specialism Varchar2 ( 11 ) ,
Annual_Turnover Varchar2 ( 5 ) ,
Constraint Supplier_Supplier_Id_PK Primary Key(Supplier_Id),
Constraint Supplier_Annual_Turnover_Ck Check(Annual_Turnover BETWEEN 55000 AND 74000),
Constraint Supplier_Name_Year_Founded_Uq Unique(Name, Year_Founded));
Column10 Number ( 6 ) ,
drop
table Gadget ;
create
table Gadget (
Gadget_Id Number ( 4 ) ,
Name Varchar2 ( 9 )
ConstraintGad_Name_NN Not
Null,
Type Varchar2 ( 11 ) ,
Screen_Size_Inches Number ( 5 ) ,
Hard_Disk_Size_Inches Number ( 4 ) ,
RAM_Size Number ( 1 ) ,
Operating_System Varchar2 ( 12 ) ,
Video_Card Varchar2 ( 3 ) ,
Sound_Card Varchar2 ( 3 ) ,
Date_Purchased Date ,
Cost_Price Number ( 3 ) ,
Expected_Life Number ( 2 ) ,
Resale_Value Number ( 4 ) ,
Internet_Cafe_Id Number ( 3 ) ,
Supplier_Id Number ( 2 ) ,
Constraint Gad_GadId_PK Primary Key(Gadget_Id),
Constraint Gad_IntCId_FK Foreign Key(Internet_Cafe_Id) References Internet_Cafe(Internet_Cafe_Id),
Constraint Gad_Supplier_Id_FK Foreign Key(Supplier_Id) References Supplier(Supplier_Id),
Constraint Gad_Type_Ck Check(Type In('Laptop', 'PC', 'Tablet', 'Netbook', 'Subnotebook')),
Constraint Gad_Name_Resale_Value_Uq Unique(Name, Resale_Value));

9
drop
table Cafe_User_Booking ;
create
table Cafe_User_Booking (
Cafe_User_Id Number ( 2 ) ,
Date_Booked Date ,
Start_Time Varchar2 ( 17 ) ,
End_Time Varchar2 ( 17 ) ,
Amount_Due Number ( 1 ) ,
Activity Varchar2 ( 15 ) ,
Payment_Method Varchar2 ( 11 ) ,
Constraint CafeUBook_CafeU_Id_GadId_PK Primary Key(Cafe_User_Id,Gadget_Id),
Constraint CafeUBook_GadId_FK Foreign Key(Gadget_Id) References Gadget(Gadget_Id),
Constraint CafeUBook_Cafe_User_Id_FK Foreign Key(Cafe_User_Id) References
Cafe_User(Cafe_User_Id),
Constraint CafeUBook_Amount_Due_Ck Check(Amount_Due >=3));
drop
table Technician ;
create
table Technician (
Technician_Id Number ( 4 ) ,
FName Varchar2 ( 8 ) ,
Sname Varchar2 ( 9 ) ,
Qualifications Varchar2 ( 11 ) ,
Expertise Varchar2 ( 8 ) ,
Hourly_Rate Number ( 2 ) ,
Date_Hired Date ConstraintDate_Hired_NN NOT NULL,
Mobile_No Number ( 11 ) ,
Constraint Tech_Tech_Id_PK Primary Key(Technician_Id),
Constraint Tech_Hourly_Rate_Ck Check(Hourly_Rate BETWEEN 15 AND 25),
Constraint Tech_Fname_Town_Uq Unique(Fname, Town));

10
Column13 Number ( 6 ) );
drop
table Gadget_Repair ;
create
table Gadget_Repair (
Repair_Date Date ,
Details Varchar2 ( 18 ) ,
Cost Number ( 4 ) ,
Time_Taken Number ( 4 ) ,
Technician_Id Number ( 4 ) ,
Constraint GadRepair_GadId_Repair_Date_PK Primary Key(Gadget_Id,Repair_Date),
Constraint GadRepair_Tech_Id_FK Foreign Key(Technician_Id) References Technician(Technician_Id),
Constraint GadRepair_Cost_Ck Check(Cost Is NULL OR Cost BETWEEN 5 and 160));
0 Number ( 6 ) ,
0 Number ( 6 ) ,
0 Number ( 6 ) ,
Column13 Number ( 6 ) );

11
7. Insert Statements
Internet_Cafe Inserts
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (101,'CruiseThe Net Cafe','Main Street','Shercock','Cavan','Cruise The Net
Cafe','cruisethenet@hotmail.com',2005,5,'Cold drinks');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (102,'Chill Internet Cafe','Lough North','Killaloe','Clare','Chill Internet
Cafe','chillinternet@gmail.com',2007,4,'Drinks');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (103,'Beans Cafe','North Street','Youghal','Cork','Beans
Cafe','beanscafe@hotmail.om',2006,5,'Sandwiches');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (104,'Net Station Cafe','Abbey Street','Carney','Sligo','Net Station
Cafe','netstation@yahhoo.ie',2004,5,'Snacks');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (105,'Angels Cafe','Killcrossbeg','Shercock','Cavan','Angels
Cafe','angelscafe@gmail.com',2010,4,'Drinks');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (106,'Relax Cafe','Roadford','Doolin','Clare','Relax
Cafe','relax@hotmail.ie',NULL,3,'Snacks');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (107,'Surfers Cafe','Granard Road','Ballyjamesduff','Cavan','Surfers
Cafe','surferscafe@hotmail.com',2005,4,'Snacks');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (108,'Net Play Cafe','Chapel Street','Castlebaldwin','Sli go','Net Play
Cafe','netpaly@hotmail.com',2006,5,'Snacks');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (109,'Comfy Cafe','Killaloe','Doolin ','Clare','Comfy
Cafe','comfycafe@yahoo.ie',2008,3,'Sandwiches');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (110,'MousePad Cafe','Main Street','Dysart ','Roscommon','Mouse Pad
Cafe','mousepad@gmail.com',2007,3,'Drinks');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (111,'TouristCafe','Barnavara Hill','Kinsale','Cork','Tourist
Cafe',NULL,2009,4,'Snacks');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (112,'Cyber Cafe','Church Street','Cootehill','Cavan','Cyber
Cafe','cybercaf@yahoo.com',NULL,4,NULL);
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (113,'GlobeCafe','Station Road','Lahinch','Clare','Globe
Cafe','globescafe@gmail.com',2009,5,'Snacks');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (114,'One Stop Cafe','Cornaslieve','Virginia','Cavan','OneStop
Cafe','onestopcafe@hotmail.com',2008,5,'Drinks');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (115,'The Hangout Cafe','Market Street','Ballinode','Sligo','The Hangout
Cafe','hangout@gmail.com',2007,4,'Sandwiches');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (116,'Gamestation Cafe','Highfield Road','Ennis','Clare','Gamestation
Cafe','gamestation@hotmail.com',2006,3,'Snacks');

12
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (117,'The Hub Cafe','Goff St','Mitchelstown','Cork','The Hub
Cafe','hubcafe@yahoo.ie',2005,3,NULL);
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (118,'Neo Internet Cafe','Park Street','Athleague','Roscommon','Neo Internet
Cafe','neointernet@yahoo.ie',2009,5,'Sandwiches');
Insertinto Internet_Cafe values (119,'The Strand Cafe','Barrack Street','Aclare','Sligo','The Strand
Cafe','strandcafe@gmail.com',2008,3,'Snacks');
Commit;

13
Cafe_User Inserts
Insertinto Cafe_User values (10,'Colm','Hannon','Abbey Street','Shercock','Cavan','Male','23-Jan-
90','Irish',086-1234567,'colmh@gmail.com','Student','Novice');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (11,'Joan','Kavanagh','Church Street','Killaloe','Clare','Female','25-Dec-
50','Irish',085-7563985,'joank@gmail','Retired','Intermediate');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (12,'Niamh','Kelly','Main Street','Youghal','Cork','Female','02-Sep-
85','French',087-2578963,'niamhk@yahoo.co.uk','Working','Expert');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (13,'Aisling','McGrath','BridgeStreet','Carney','Sligo','Female','02-Sep-
85','Italian',086-9856321,'aislingmg@hotmail.com',NULL,'Expert');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (14,'Nigel','Brien','MarketSquare','Shercock','Cavan','Male','03-Jul-
76','British',089-4593621,NULL,'Unemployed','Novice');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (15,'Aoife','Donnelly','Abbey Street','Doolin','Clare','Female','19-May-
74','Welsh',089-7413259,'aoifed@hotmail.ocm','Unemployed',NULL);
Insertinto Cafe_User values (16,'Edel','Donoghue','Church Street','Ballyjamesduff','Cavan','Female','28-Mar-
80','Irish',085-0315269,'edeld@gmail.com','Unemployed',NULL);
Insertinto Cafe_User values (17,'Connell','Dowling','Main Street','Castlebaldwin','Sligo','Male','12-Feb-
91','Irish',089-7585123,'connelld@yahoo.com','Student','Novice');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (18,'Jessica','Kelly','Abbey Street','Doolin ','Clare','Female','21-Sep-
87',NULL,NULL,'jessicak@hotmil.com','Working','Expert');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (19,'Aaron','McDonald','Church Street','Dysart ','Roscommon','Male','13-Oct-
88','Irish',086-8932154,'aaronmcd@hotmail.com','Working','Expert');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (20,'Gary','Morrissey','Main Street','Kinsale','Cork','Male','14-Aug-81','Irish',085-
1212323,'garym@hotmail.com','Unemployed',NULL);
Insertinto Cafe_User values (21,'Daniel','Nevin','BridgeStreet','Cootehill','Cavan','Male','17-Feb-92','Irish',089-
9898654,'danieln@yahoo.co.uk','Student','Intermediate');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (22,'David','Quinlan','MarketSquare','Lahinch','Clare','Female','14-Aug-
81','Irish',085-8795698,'davidq@gmal.com','Retired','Intermediate');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (23,'Tracey','Brennan','Abbey Street','Virginia','Cavan','Female','06-Jun-
52','British',089-7875321,'traceyb@hotmail.om7','Retired','Novice');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (24,'Mary','McGrath','Church Street','Ballinode','Sligo','Male','24-Oct-
78','British',085-1313954,'marymcg@hotmail.com','Unemployed','Novice');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (25,'Cormac','Kavanagh','Main Street','Ennis','Clare','Female','19-Jan-
91','French',087-9568153,'cormacjk@gmail.com','Student','Novice');

14
Insertinto Cafe_User values (26,'Gillian','Kiernan','BridgeStreet','Mitchelstown','Cork','Female','16-May-
51','Italian',089-9516236,'gilliank@gmail.com','Retired','Intermediate');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (27,'Clodagh','Nolan','MarketSquare','Athleague','Roscommon','Female','28-Aug-
50','Irish',086-1425369,'clodaghn@yahoo.com','Retired','Intermediate');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (28,'Louise','Collins','Abbey Street','Aclare','Sligo','Female','08-Jul-77','Irish',085-
7875963,'louisec@hotmail.com','Working','Expert');
Insertinto Cafe_User values (29,'Ian','Donohoe','Main Street','Kilrush','Clare','Male','16-Apr-52','Irish',086-
4835915,'iand@gmail.com','Retired','Novice');
Commit;

15
Supplier Inserts
Insertinto Supplier values (50,'Tech Data Ltd.','Toronto','Canada','www.techdata.com',2009,'PCs',55000);
Insertinto Supplier values (51,'SGD IntertradingLtd.','Munich ','Germany','www.sgd.ie',2010,'Servers',56000);
Insertinto Supplier values (52,'Synnex Ltd.','Austin ','United States','www.synnes.com',2008,'Servers',57000);
Insertinto Supplier values (53,'SIS Distribution Ltd.','Bakersfield ','United
States',NULL,2007,'Peripherals',58000);
Insertinto Supplier values (54,'Eternal Distribution Ltd.','Baltimore','United
States','www.externaldist.com',2001,'Laptops',59000);
Insertinto Supplier values (55,'Intcomex Ltd.','Brampton ','Canada','www.intomex.com',2002,'PCs',60000);
Insertinto Supplier values (56,'ASBIS Ltd.','Nimes','Canada','www.asbis.ie',2003,'Servers',61000);
Insertinto Supplier values (57,'DIKO Global Ltd.','Tours','Canada','www.diko.com',NULL,'PCs',62000);
Insertinto Supplier values (58,'VST Computers Ltd.','Paris','France','www.vst.ie',2005,'Laptops',63000);
Insertinto Supplier values (59,'Nikoyo Ltd.','Lille','France','www.nikoyo.com',2006,'Servers',64000);
Insertinto Supplier values (60,'FDC International Ltd.','Lyon','France','www.fdc.ie',2007,'Peripherals',65000);
Insertinto Supplier values (61,'Avnet Ltd.','Berlin','Germany','www.avnet.com',2008,'Laptops',66000);
Insertinto Supplier values (62,'IngramMicro
Ltd.','Hamburg','Germany','www.ingrammicro.ie',2009,'PCs',57000);
Insertinto Supplier values (63,'Tech Data Ltd.','Zacatecas ','Mexico',NULL,2010,'Servers',58000);
Insertinto Supplier values (64,'SGD IntertradingLtd.','Zamora
','Mexico','www.sgd.ie',2011,'Peripherals',59000);
Insertinto Supplier values (65,'Synnex Ltd.','Zapopan ','Mexico','www.synnes.com',2005,'Peripherals',60000);
Insertinto Supplier values (66,'SIS Distribution Ltd.','Bremen','Germany','www.sis.ie',2006,'Laptops',61000);
Insertinto Supplier values (67,'Eternal Distribution
Ltd.','Nurnberg','Germany','www.externaldist.com',NULL,'Laptops',62000);
Insertinto Supplier values (68,'Intcomex Ltd.','Rochester ','United
States','www.intomex.com',2008,'Servers',63000);
Insertinto Supplier values (69,'FDC International Ltd.','Rockford ','United
States','www.fdc.ie',2009,'PCs',74000);
Commit;

16
Gadget Inserts
Insertinto Gadget values (1000,'Acer','Laptop',17.3,3.5,2,'Linux','Yes','No','13-Nov-10',650,36,550,101,50);
Insertinto Gadget values (1001,'Apple','PC',21,3.5,2,'Windows 2000','No','Yes','04-Mar-
11',700,48,550,102,51);
Insertinto Gadget values (1002,'Asus','Tablet',7,1.8,1,'Android','Yes','No','04-Mar-10',320,24,250,103,52);
Insertinto Gadget values (1003,'Dell','Netbook',10,1.8,1,'Android','Yes','No','12-Nov-12',350,18,300,104,53);
Insertinto Gadget values (1004,'Philips','Subnotebook',22,3.5,2,'Vista','Yes','No','10-Jun-
10',450,20,410,105,54);
Insertinto Gadget values (1005,'Samsung','Laptop',18.5,3.5,2,'Mac OS','Yes','No','10-Jun-
11',530,30,450,106,55);
Insertinto Gadget values (1006,'Sony','PC',22,3.5,2,'Mac OS','No','Yes','07-Nov-12',630,25,550,107,56);
Insertinto Gadget values (1007,'HP','Subnotebook',14,3.5,2,'Linux','Yes','No','07-Nov-11',650,24,600,108,57);
Insertinto Gadget values (1008,'Sharp','Tablet',8,2.5,1,NULL,'Yes','No','06-Nov-11',360,18,NULL,109,58);
Insertinto Gadget values (1009,'Zalman','Netbook',10.5,2.5,1,'Android','Yes','No','25-May-
12',390,18,290,110,59);
Insertinto Gadget values (1010,'Asus','Subnotebook',14.5,3.5,2,'Windows 2000','Yes','No','20-Jul-
10',520,18,450,106,60);
Insertinto Gadget values (1011,'Compaq','Laptop',18,3.5,2,'Vista','No','No','13-May-11',525,48,450,107,55);
Insertinto Gadget values (1012,'Epson','Tablet',8,2.5,1,'Android','Yes','No','23-Nov-10',635,20,500,108,56);
Insertinto Gadget values (1013,'Toshiba','Netbook',9.5,1.8,1,'Android','Yes','No','14-Jun-
13',360,24,300,109,57);
Insertinto Gadget values (1014,'Panasonic','PC',21.5,3.5,2,'Mac OS','No','Yes ','09-Jun-13',380,24,295,110,58);
Insertinto Gadget values (1015,'Intel','Netbook',10,2.5,1,NULL,'Yes','No ','09-Jun-13',550,36,495,104,59);
Insertinto Gadget values (1016,'Sharp','PC',21,3.5,2,'Vista','No','Yes','10-Nov-11',320,24,250,105,60);
Insertinto Gadget values (1017,'Zalman','Subnotebook',14,3.5,2,'Linux','Yes','No','10-Nov-
12',385,12,295,106,53);
Insertinto Gadget values (1018,'Asus','PC',21.5,3.5,2,'Windows 2000','No','Yes','29-Jun-
13',560,36,490,107,54);
Insertinto Gadget values (1019,'Compaq','PC',22,3.5,2,'Mac OS','No','Yes','02-Apr-11',700,18,NULL,108,55);
Commit;

17
Cafe_User_Booking Inserts
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (10,1000,'01-Sep-13','09:30','10:30',5,'Email','Cash');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (11,1001,'02-Sep-13','10:30','11:30',4,'Intermet',NULL);
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (12,1002,'04-Sep-13','11:30','12:30',5,'Word Processing','Laser');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (13,1003,'03-Sep-13','12:30','13:30',5,NULL,'Laser');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (14,1004,'06-Sep-13','13:30','14:30',4,'Access','Cash');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (15,1005,'05-Sep-13','14:30','15:30',3,'Other','Credit Card');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (16,1006,'07-Sep-13','15:30','16:30',4,'Internet','Credit Card');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (17,1007,'09-Sep-13','16:30','17:30',5,'Word Processing','Cash');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (18,1008,'10-Sep-13','17:30','18:30',3,'Excel','Laser');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (19,1009,'11-Sep-13','18:30','19:30',3,'Email','Laser');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (20,1010,'12-Sep-13','19:30','20:30',4,'Other','Cash');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (22,1004,'02-Sep-13','10:30','11:30',5,NULL,'Cash');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (24,1006,'03-Sep-13','12:30','13:30',4,'Internet','Credit Card');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (25,1007,'06-Sep-13','13:30','14:30',3,'Email','CreditCard');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (26,1008,'05-Sep-13','14:30','15:30',3,'Other','Laser');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (27,1009,'07-Sep-13','15:30','16:30',5,'Email','Cash');
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (28,1010,'20-Sep-13','16:30','17:30',3,'Excel',NULL);
Insertinto Cafe_User_Booking values (29,1001,'21-Sep-13','17:30','18:30',4,'Excel','CreditCard');
Commit;

18
Technician Inserts
Insertinto Technician values (2000,'Aidan','Cassidy','Market
Square','Shercock','Cavan','Certificate','Software',15,'23-Oct-08',086-4536578);
Insertinto Technician values (2001,'Joe','Dougan','Abbey Street','Killaloe','Clare',NULL,'Networks',20,'22-Jun-
05',085-9685412);
Insertinto Technician values (2002,'Fionan','Downey','Church Street','Youghal','Cork','MSc','Hardware',25,'15 -
Mar-09',089-9587412);
Insertinto Technician values (2003,'Stephen','McCusker','Main
Street','Carney','Sligo','Degree','Hardware',20,'26-Jun-05',087-3698752);
Insertinto Technician values (2004,'Podsie','Muldoon','Abbey
Street','Shercock','Cavan','Degree','Software',20,'09-May-08',NULL);
Insertinto Technician values (2005,'Des','Murray','Church Street','Doolin','Clare','MSc','Networks',25,'10-Mar-
09',086-7894321);
Insertinto Technician values (2006,'Kevin','McCloskey','Main
Street','Ballyjamesduff','Cavan','Certificate','Hardware',15,'15-Jan-10',089-1476532);
Insertinto Technician values (2007,'Fachtna','McCusker','Bridge
Street','Castlebaldwin','Sligo','Degree','Software',20,'09-Sep-11',086-2369851);
Insertinto Technician values (2008,'Nicholas','Heaney','MarketSquare','Doolin ','Clare
','Msc','Hardware',25,'03-Jun-10',085-7478958);
Insertinto Technician values (2009,'Michael','Rocks','Abbey Street','Dysart
','Roscommon','Certificate','Software',15,'04-Sep-11',085-3969369);
Insertinto Technician values (2010,'Gary','Tohill','Church Street','Kinsale','Cork','Degree','Hardware',20,'05-
Jun-10',NULL);
Insertinto Technician values (2011,'Henry','Campbell','Main Street','Cootehill','Cavan','Degree',NULL,20,'15 -
Jan-08',089-1212121);
Insertinto Technician values (2012,'Sean','Crosson','BridgeStreet','Lahinch','Clare','MSc','Networks',15,'25-Jul-
09',087-3232356);
Insertinto Technician values (2013,'Johnny','Diver','Market
Square','Virginia','Cavan','Certificate','Software',25,'26-Aug-10',086-7985456);
Insertinto Technician values (2014,'Niall','Hegarty','Abbey Street','Ballinode','Sligo','Degree','Software',20,'29-
Nov-11',085-5858587);
Insertinto Technician values (2015,'Paul','McGinley','Main Street','Ennis','Clare','Msc','Hardware',15,'21-Feb-
12',089-0326587);
Insertinto Technician values (2016,'Kieran','Reid','Bridge
Street','Mitchelstown','Cork','Certificate','Software',20,'12-May-09',086-0202123);
Insertinto Technician values (2017,'David','Ruane','Market
Square','Athleague','Roscommon','MSc','Hardware',25,'18-May-09',086-8495369);

19
Insertinto Technician values (2018,'Paddy','Sweeney','Abbey Street','Aclare','Sligo',NULL,'Networks',15,'17-
Apr-11',089-3577532);
Insertinto Technician values (2019,'Eamonn','Boyle','Main Street','Kilrush','Clare','MSc','Networks',25,'24 -Oct-
10',086-7569874);
Commit;

20
Gadget_Repair Inserts
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1000,'01-Nov-11','Remove Virus',30,120,2000);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1001,'06-Jun-12','ReplaceHard Drive',10,30,2001);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1002,'05-Oct-11','Memory Upgrade',25,60,2002);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1003,'02-May-13','Screen Replacement',5,15,2003);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1004,'05-Dec-10','DC Socket Repairs',60,180,2004);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1005,'02-May-12',NULL,50,120,2005);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1006,'09-Mar-13','Windows re-install',60,240,2006);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1007,'09-Mar-12','MalwareInfection',100,NULL,2007);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1008,'01-May-12','Memory Upgrade',25,60,2008);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1009,'08-Jul-13','Remove Virus',90,360,2009);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1010,'21-Jun-12','ReplaceHard Drive',40,120,2010);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1011,'17-Sep-13','Memory Upgrade',60,180,2002);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1012,'24-Sep-12','Screen Replacement',30,120,2003);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1013,'15-Sep-13','DC Socket Repairs',NULL,60,2004);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1014,'10-Jul-13','Service',160,480,2005);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1015,'10-Sep-13','Windows re-install',90,360,2006);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1016,'26-Oct-12','MalwareInfection',80,240,2007);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1017,'03-May-13','Memory Upgrade',75,180,2009);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1018,'27-Aug-13','ReplaceHard Drive',30,120,2010);
Insertinto Gadget_Repair values (1019,'06-Jun-12',NULL,NULL,60,2002);
Commit;

21
8. Tables
Internet_Cafe
Cafe_User
Supplier

22
Gadget
Cafe_User_Booking

23
Technician
Gadget_Repair

24
9. Single Table Queries
Question 1
Show the internet cafes in Roscommon and Cavan which were opened after 2005,with an hourly rate of
between 3 and 5 euro and where the name of the cafe contains an “a”.
Select Name,Year_Opened, County, Rate_Per_Hour
From Internet_Cafe
Where Year_Opened >2005
And Name LIKE ‘%a%’
And County IN(’Roscommon’,’Cavan’)
And Rate_Per_Hour BETWEEN 3 AND 5;
Select Internet_Cafe.Name, Internet_Cafe.Year_Opened, Internet_Cafe.County,
Internet_Cafe.Rate_Per_Hour
From Internet_Cafe
Where Internet_Cafe.Year_Opened >2005
And Internet_Cafe.Name LIKE ‘%a%’
And Internet_Cafe.County IN(’Roscommon’,’Cavan’)
And Internet_Cafe.Rate_Per_Hour BETWEEN 3 AND 5;

25
Question 2
Show the first names of the cafe users except those who end with a “k”, excluding those from Cavan and
Roscommon, who have a user level and cafe user number not between 10 and 15.
Select Firstname, County, Cafe_User_Id, User_Level
From Cafe_User
Where FirstnameNOT LIKE ‘%k’
And User_Level IS NOT NULL
And County NOT IN (‘Cavan’,’Roscommon’)
And Cafe_User_Id NOT BETWEEN 10 AND 15;
Select Cafe_User.Firstname, Cafe_User.County, Cafe_User.Cafe_User_Id, Cafe_User.User_Level
From Cafe_User
Where Cafe_User.Firstname NOT LIKE ‘%k’
And Cafe_User.User_Level IS NOT NULL
And Cafe_User.County NOT IN (‘Cavan’,’Roscommon’)
And Cafe_User.Cafe_User_Id NOT BETWEEN 10 AND 15;

26
Question 3
Show the suppliers from Canada with a name containing an “e” that specialise in Servers and PC’s with the year
founded in ascending order.
Select Name, Country, Specialism,Year_Founded
From Supplier
Where Country=’Canada’
And SpecialismIN(‘PCs’,‘Servers’)
And Name LIKE ‘%e%’
Order By Year_Founded ASC;
Select S.Name, S.Country, S.Specialism,S.Year_Founded
From Supplier S
Where S.Country=’Canada’
And S.SpecialismIN(‘PCs’,‘Servers’)
And S.Name LIKE ‘%e%’
Order By S.Year_Founded ASC;

27
Question 4
Show the gadgets where the resale value is not 550 euro, also show the resale values ascending, give name
uppercase and type lowercase.
Select UPPER(Name), LOWER(Type), Cost_Price,Resale_Value
From Gadget
Where Cost_Price<>550
And Length(Name)>6
Order By Resale_Value DESC;
Select UPPER(G.Name), LOWER(G.Type), G.Cost_Price, G.Resale_Value
From Gadget G
Where G.Cost_Price<>550
And Length(Name)>6
Order By G.Resale_Value DESC;

28
Question 5
Show the technicians who have an hourly rate less than or equal to 20 euro, there qualification not starting
with a “D”. Also give the Surname in capitals and leave a white space on the left and right side of the name and
town.
Select RTRIM(FName), INITCAP(Sname), LTRIM(Town), Hourly_Rate, Qualifications
From Technician
Where Hourly_Rate<=5
Or QualificationsNOTLIKE ‘D%’;
Select RTRIM(T.FName), INITCAP(T.Sname), LTRIM(T.Town),T.Hourly_Rate, Qualifications
From Technician T
Where T.Hourly_Rate<=5
Or T.QualificationsNOTLIKE ‘D%’;

29
Question 6
Show the details of gadget repair not including “Remove virus”, “Service” and “DC Socket Repairs” where the
time taken is greater than or equal to 30mins, also showing the cost multiplied by 12 assuming each job is
performed on a monthly basis. Also show the time taken in ascending order.
Select Details,SUBSTR(Details, 1,3), Time_Taken, Cost*12
From Gadget_Repair
Where Time_Taken>=30
And Details NOT IN(‘Remove Virus’,‘Service’, ‘DC Socket Repairs’)
Order By Time_Taken ASC;
Select GR.Details,SUBSTR(GR.Details, 1,3), GR.Time_Taken, GR.Cost*12
From Gadget_Repair GR
Where GR.Time_Taken>=30
And GR.Details NOT IN(‘Remove Virus’,‘Service’, ‘DC Socket Repairs’)
Order By GR.Time_Taken ASC;

30
10. Joins
Question 1
(Parent Child Query involving 2 tables)
Show the firstname and qualification of the technicians and the cost and time taken for the associated
technicians of gadget repair.Show the technicians with and id of between 2000 and 2009 only, with their
address containing an “a” and the time taken in descending order.
Select Fname, Qualifications,Cost,Time_Taken, Address,Technician.Technician_Id
From Technician,Gadget_Repair
Where Technician.Technician_Id=Gadget_Repair.Technician_Id
And Address LIKE ‘%a%’
And Technician.Technician_Id BETWEEN 2000 AND 2009
Order By Time_Taken DESC;
Select Technician.Fname,Technician.Qualifications,Gadget_Repair.Cost, Gadget_Repair.Time_Taken,
Technician.Address,Technician.Technician_Id
Where Technician.Technician_Id=Gadget_Repair.Technician_Id
And Technician.Address LIKE‘%a%’
And Technician.Technician_Id BETWEEN 2000 AND 2009
Order By Gadget_Repair.Time_Taken DESC;

31
Question 2
(Parent Child Query involving 3 tables)
List the supplier’s name (in uppercase), annual turnover, specialism and year founded, also the cost price and
type of the gadgets they supply and the activity associated with the cafe users booking. Confine the output to
exclude any specialism beginning with the letter “S” and the year founded to exclude the years between 2002
and 2004.
Select UPPER(Supplier.Name), Annual_Turnover, Type, Cost_Price, Activity, Specialism,Year_Founded
From Supplier,Gadget, Cafe_User_Booking
Where Supplier.Supplier_Id=Gadget.Supplier_Id
And Gadget.Gadget_Id=Cafe_User_Booking.Gadget_Id
And SpecialismNOT LIKE ‘S%’
And Year_Founded NOT BETWEEN 2002 AND 2004;
Select UPPER(S.Name), S.Annual_Turnover, G.Type, G.Cost_Price, CUB.Activity, S.Specialism,
S.Year_Founded
From Supplier S, Gadget G, Cafe_User_Booking CUB
Where S.Supplier_Id=G.Supplier_Id
And G.Gadget_Id=CUB.Gadget_Id
And S.SpecialismNOTLIKE ‘S%’
And S.Year_Founded NOT BETWEEN 2002 AND 2004;

32
Question 3
(Parent Child Query involving all tables)
Using all tables show the year opened of each internet café after 2009, the counties of the café users and the
technicians in Cavan and Clare. Also show the annual turnover of the suppliers, the different types of gadgets,
the activity of the café user where the technician id is between 2000 and 2001. In the results sort the supplier’s
annual turnover starting with the lowest.
Select Internet_Cafe.Year_Opened, Cafe_User.County, Supplier.Annual_Turnover, Gadget.Type,
Cafe_User_Booking. Activity, Technician.County,Gadget_Repair.Technician_Id
From Internet_Cafe, Cafe_User, Supplier,Gadget, Cafe_User_Booking, Technician,Gadget_Repair
Where Internet_Cafe.Internet_Cafe_Id=Gadget. Internet_Cafe_Id
And Cafe_User.Cafe_User_Id=Cafe_User_Booking. Cafe_User_Id
And Supplier.Supplier_Id=Gadget.Supplier_Id
And Gadget.Gadget_Id=Cafe_User_Booking.Gadget_Id
And Technician.Technician_Id=Gadget_Repair.Technician_Id
And Technician.CountyIN(‘Cavan’,‘Clare’)
And Gadget_Repair.Technician_Id BETWEEN 2000 AND 2001
And Internet_Cafe.Year_Opened>2009
Order By Supplier.Annual_Turnover ASC;
Select IC.Year_Opened, CU.County, S.Annual_Turnover, G.Type, CUB. Activity, T.County, GR.Technician_Id
From Internet_Cafe IC, Cafe_User CU, Supplier S, Gadget G, Cafe_User_Booking CUB, Technician T,
Gadget_Repair GR
Where IC.Internet_Cafe_Id=G. Internet_Cafe_Id
And CU.Cafe_User_Id=CUB. Cafe_User_Id
And S.Supplier_Id=G.Supplier_Id
And G.Gadget_Id=CUB.Gadget_Id
And T.Technician_Id=GR.Technician_Id
And T.CountyIN(‘Cavan’, ‘Clare’)
And GR.Technician_Id BETWEEN 2000 AND 2001
And IC.Year_Opened>2009
Order By S.Annual_Turnover ASC;

33
Question 4
(An equijoin on two tables)
Show the first name and town of the cafe user and the name and country of the supplier where the length (in
letters) of the town is equal to the length (in letters) of the country. Confine the output to countries not in
Germany, Canada, Mexico or the United States. Give the first name uppercase and the suppliers name in lower
case.....
Select UPPER(Firstname), Cafe_User.Town, LOWER(Supplier.Name), Country
From Cafe_User, Supplier
Where Length(Cafe_User.Town)=Length(Country)
And Supplier.Country NOT IN (‘Germany’, ‘Canada’,‘Mexico’, ‘United States’);
Select UPPER(CU.Firstname), CU.Town, LOWER(S.Name), S.Country
From Cafe_User CU, Supplier S
Where Length(CU.Town)=Length(S.Country)
And S.Country NOT IN (‘Germany’, ‘Canada’,‘Mexico’, ‘United States’);

34
Question 5
(Non Equijoin between 2 tables)
List the names and year opened of the internet cafes in 2010 or after and the name of the suppliers and year
founded where the year opened of the internet cafe exceeds the year founded of the supplier. Also show the
difference in years between the year opened and year founded.
Select INITCAP(Internet_Cafe.Name),Year_Opened,INITCAP(Supplier.Name), Year_Founded, Year_Opened-
Year_Founded “Difference in Years”
From Internet_Cafe, Supplier
Where Year_Opened>Year_Founded
And Year_Opened>=2010;
Select IC.Name,IC.Year_Opened, INITCAP(S.Name), S. Year_Founded, IC.Year_Opened-S.Year_Founded
“Difference in Years”
From Internet_Cafe IC, Supplier S
Where IC.Year_Opened>S.Year_Founded
And IC.Year_Opened>=2010;

35
Question 6
(A Self join)
Show the name and screen sizes of the gadgets where the screen sizes are the same size. Show the screen size
(in inches) in ascending order.
Select G1.Name, G1.Screen_Size_Inches, G2.Name, G2.Screen_Size_Inches
From Gadget G1, Gadget G2
Where G1.Screen_Size_Inches= G2.Screen_Size_Inches
And G1.Gadget_Id<G2.Gadget_Id
Order By G1.Screen_Size_Inches ASC;

36
Question 7
(Outer Join)
Give the first names of the technicians and the associated cost for the gadget repair including technicians who
may not yet have had a gadget to repair. Sort the cost in descending order.
Select (Fname) “Firstname”, (Cost) “Total Cost”
Where Technician.Technician_Id=Gadget_Repair.Technician_Id(+)
Order byCost DESC;
Select (Technician.Fname) “Firstname”, (Gadget_Repair.Cost) “Total Cost”
Where Technician.Technician_Id=Gadget_Repair.Technician_Id(+)
Order byGadget_Repair.Cost DESC;

37
11. Summary Queries
Question 1
Find the maximum and minimum time taken for technicians in gadget repair and also the average cost, where
the details of repair contain an “e”.
Select Max(GR.Time_Taken), Min(GR.Time_Taken), Avg(GR.Cost)
Where Gr.DetailsLIKE’%e%’;
Question 2
Find the number of gadgets including the average hard disk size and the sum of the cost price for each one,
excluding the gadgets that end with the letter “n” and have a resale value between 300 and 500 euro.
Select Sum(G.Cost_Price), Avg(G.Hard_Disk_Size_Inches), Count(G.Gadget_Id)
From Gadget G
Where G.Resale_Value NOT BETWEEN 300 and 500
And G.Name NOT LIKE ‘%n’;

38
Question 3
Count the number of suppliers who have no email address.
Select Count(*)
From Supplier S
Where S.Web_Site IS NULL;
Question 4
Find the maximum and minimum rate per hour for the Internet Cafes which have no facilities.
Select Max(IC.Rate_Per_Hour), Min(IC.Rate_Per_Hour)
From Internet_Cafe IC
Where IC.Facilities IS NULL;

39
Question 5
Show the min and max annual turnover for suppliers and the difference between them, where the year founded
is less than or equal to 2008.
Select Max(S.Annual_Turnover) Highest , Min(S.Annual_Turnover) Lowest, Max(S.Annual_Turnover)-
Min(S.Annual_Turnover) Difference
From Supplier S
Where S.Year_Founded<=2008;
Question 6
Show the gadget types along with the max and min screen size for each type and the average ram size for each
of the types. Show the results in reverse alphabetical order by type and where the length of “type” (in letters) is
greater than 5.
Select G.Type, Max(G.Screen_Size_Inches) “Max Screen Size”, Min(G.Hard_Disk_Size_Inches) “Min Screen
Size”, Avg(G.Ram_Size)
From Gadget G
Where Length(G.Type)>5
Group By G.Type
Order By G.TypeDESC;

40
Question 7
List each technician name, the average time taken to do the job, the sum of the cost and the number of jobs
each technician had, where the time taken is greater than 100 minutes, arrange the names in alphabetical
order.
Select T.Fname,Avg(GR.Time_Taken), Sum(GR.Cost),Count(*)
From Technician T, Gadget_Repair GR
Where T.Technician_Id=GR.Technician_Id
And GR.Time_Taken>100
Group By T.Fname
Order By T.Fname ASC;
Question 8
Listthe activity types for the café user, showingalso the lateststarttime and the sum of the amount due for
each activity,where the amount due is greater than or equal to 10. Also sort the amount due in ascending
order.
Select CUB.Activity, (CUB.Start_Time)”Latest Time”, Sum(CUB.Amount_Due)
From Cafe_User_Booking CUB
Group By CUB.Activity
Having Sum(CUB.Amount_Due)>=10
Order By Sum(CUB.Amount_Due) ASC;

41
Question 9
Listthe names of the internet cafes in Cavan with an hourly rate of €5 or in Sligo with an hourly rate of €4, with
the year opened is between 2005 and 2008 in descending oreder……………
Select IC.Name, Sum(IC.Rate_Per_Hour), Sum(IC.Year_Opened)
From Internet_Cafe IC
Where (IC.County=’Cavan’ and IC.Rate_Per_Hour=5)
Or (IC.County=’Sligo’ and Rate_Per_Hour=4)
Group By IC.Name
Having Sum(IC.Year_Opened) BETWEEN 2005 and 2008
Order By Sum(IC.Year_Opened) DESC;

42
12. Subqueries
Question 1
Select the name of the gadgets with the highest cost price, where the resale value is between 450 and 600.
Select Name
From Gadget
Where Cost_PriceIN
(Select Max(Cost_Price)
From Gadget
Where Resale_ValueBETWEEN 450 AND 600);

43
Question 2
Name the suppliers who live in Germany and have an annual turnover less than the highest annual turnover of
a supplier in Canada and where the names do not end with an “l”.
Select Name, Annual_Turnover
From Supplier
Where Name NOT LIKE ‘%l’
And Country=’Germany’
And Annual_Turnover<
(Select Max(Annual_Turnover)
From Supplier
And Name NOT LIKE ‘%l’);

44
Question 3
Name the technicians with Degrees who have an hourly rate greater than the average hourly rate for
technicians with no qualification.
Select T.FName
From Technician T
Where T.Qualifications=’Degree’
And T.Hourly_Rate>
(Select Avg(T.Hourly_Rate)
From Technician T
Where T.QualificationsIS NULL);

45
Question 4
Name the café users with an id between 10 and 25, who are unemployed and have the same nationality as
student café users.
Select Firstname, Nationality
From Cafe_User
Where Type=’Unemployed’
And Cafe_User_Id BETWEEN 10 and 25
And Nationality IN
(Select Nationality
From Cafe_User
Where Type=’Student’
And Cafe_User_Id BETWEEN 10 and 25);

46
Question 5
Show the name, town and facilities of an internet café who have PC as their gadgets and their name contains a
“u”.
Select Name, Town, Facilities
From Internet_Cafe
Where Name LIKE ‘%u%’
And Internet_Cafe .Internet_Cafe_IdIN(
Select Gadget.Internet_Cafe_Id
From Gadget
Where Type=’PC’);

47
Question 6
Show the name, town and facilities of an internet café who do not have PC as their gadgets and contain the
letter “u” in their name.
From Internet_Cafe
And Internet_Cafe .Internet_Cafe_Id NOT IN(
From Gadget

48
Question 7
List the names and year founded of the suppliers of gadgets with an annual turnover less than 65000 and
where the length of the café user booking activity associated to the gadget is the same as the length of the
payment method(in letters).
Select Supplier.Name, Supplier.Year_Founded
From Supplier
Where Annual_Turnover< 65000
And Supplier.Supplier_IdIN(
Select Gadget.Supplier_Id
From Gadget
Where Gadget.Gadget_IdIN(
Select Cafe_User_Booking.Gadget_Id
From Cafe_User_Booking
Where
Length(Cafe_User_Booking.Activity)=Length(Caf
e_User_Booking.Payment_Method)));

49
Question 8
List the café user activity where the length of the café user booking activity is the same as the length of the
payment method(in letters)…..and where the annual turnover is less than 65000 for supplier….
Select Activity
Where Length(Cafe_User_Booking.Activity)=Length(Cafe_User_Booking.Payment_Method)
And Cafe_User_Booking.Gadget_IdIN(
Select Gadget.Gadget_Id
From Gadget
Where Gadget.Supplier_IdIN(
Select Supplier.Supplier_Id
From Supplier
Where Annual_Turnover< 65000));

50
Question 9
Show the name and year opened of internet cafes where the year opened is after 2003, the cost price of the gadget
associated to the café is greater than 300, where the café user booking activity is email, internet or access, the nationality
of the café user is French or Irish, the annual turnover is greater than 50000 for the supplier of the internet café, the tim e
taken for the gadget repair is greater than 25 minutes and the technician from either Cavan, Clare or Roscommon.
Select Internet_Cafe.Year_Opened, Internet_Cafe.Name
From Internet_Cafe
Where Internet_Cafe.Year_Opened>2003
And Internet_Cafe.Internet_Cafe_IdIN(
From Gadget
Where Gadget.Cost_Price>300
And Gadget.Gadget_IdIN(
Select Cafe_User_Booking. Gadget_Id
Where Cafe_User_Booking. ActivityIN(‘Email’,’Internet’, ‘Access’)
And Cafe_User_Booking.Cafe_User_IdIN(
Select Cafe_User.Cafe_User_Id
From Cafe_User
Where Cafe_User.NationalityIn(‘Irish’, ‘French’)
And Gadget.Supplier_IdIN(
From Supplier
Where Supplier.Annual_Turnover>50000
And Gadget.Gadget_IdIN(
Select Gadget_Repair.Gadget_Id
From Gadget_Repair
Where Gadget_Repair.Time_Taken>15
AndGadget_Repair.Technician_IdIN(
Select Technician.Technician_Id
From Technician
Where Technician.CountyIN(‘Cavan’, ‘Clare’,
‘Roscommon’)))))));

51
Select DISTINCT Internet_Cafe.Year_Opened, Internet_Cafe.Name
From Internet_Cafe, Gadget, Cafe_User_Booking, Cafe_User, Supplier, Gadget_Repair, Technician
Where Internet_Cafe.Internet_Cafe_Id=Gadget.Internet_Cafe_Id
And Gadget.Gadget_Id=Cafe_User_Booking. Gadget_Id
And Cafe_User_Booking.Cafe_User_Id=Cafe_User.Cafe_User_Id
And Gadget.Supplier_Id=Supplier.Supplier_Id
And Gadget.Gadget_Id=Gadget_Repair.Gadget_Id
And Gadget_Repair.Technician_Id=Technician.Technician_Id
And Internet_Cafe.Year_Opened>2003
And Gadget.Cost_Price>300
And Cafe_User_Booking. Activity IN(‘Email’,’Internet’, ‘Access’)
And Cafe_User.NationalityIn(‘Irish’, ‘French’)
And Supplier.Annual_Turnover>50000
And Gadget_Repair.Time_Taken>15
And Technician.CountyIN(‘Cavan’,‘Clare’, ‘Roscommon’);

52
Question 10
List the technician’s first name and surname where the cost of their gadget repair is not greater than €15.
Select T.Fname, T.Sname
From Technician T
Where T.Technician_Id NOT IN(
Select GR.Technician_Id
Where GR.Cost>15);

53
Question 11
List the names of the suppliers(at least one) who supply laptops who have an annual turnover greater than the
supplier of netbooks.
Select S.Name, S.Annual_Turnover
From Supplier S, Gadget G
And G.Type=’Laptop’
And S.Annual_Turnover>ANY
(Select S.Annual_Turnover
From Supplier S, Gadget G
And G.Type=’Netbook’);

54
Question 12
Name all the technicians from Cavan that spend less time doing gadget repairs compared to all the technicians
who come from Roscommon.
Select T.Fname
Where T.Technician_Id=GR.Technician_Id
And T.County=’Cavan’
And Gr.Time_Taken<ALL
(Select Gr.Time_Taken
Where T.Technician_Id = GR.Technician_Id
And T.County=’Roscommon’);

55
13. Inserts, Updates and Deletes
Question 1
Failed delete due to integrity constraint.
Delete
From Technician
Where Technician_Id=2001;

56
Question 2
Remove the cafe users who use credit card as a payment method
Delete
From Cafe_User
Where Cafe_User.Cafe_User_IdIN(
Select Cafe_User_Booking.Cafe_User_Id
Where Payment_Method=’Credit Card’);
Remove the café users from Cavan as they no longer make a booking.
Select Activity
Where Cafe_User_Booking.Cafe_User_IdIN(
Select Cafe_User. Cafe_User_Id
From Cafe_User
Where County=’Cavan’);
Delete
Where Cafe_User_Booking.Cafe_User_IdIN(
Select Cafe_User. Cafe_User_Id
From Cafe_User
Where County=’Cavan’);

57
Rollback;

58
Question 3
Café Users who are assigned to gadgets where their suppliers have an annual turnover less than 58000 should
be removed.
Select Activity
Where Cafe_User_Booking.Gadget_IdIN(
Select Gadget. Gadget_Id
From Gadget
From Supplier
Delete
From Gadget
From Supplier
Rollback;

59
Question 4
Delete the internet cafes who do not have PCs as their gadget types and contain the letter “u” in their name
(ON DELETE CASCADE).
From Internet_Cafe
And Internet_Cafe .Internet_Cafe_Id NOT IN
(Select Gadget.Internet_Cafe_Id
From Gadget
Delete
From Internet_Cafe
And Internet_Cafe .Internet_Cafe_Id NOT IN
(Select Gadget.Internet_Cafe_Id
From Gadget
Rollback;

60
Question 5
Insert involving columns in random order.
Insertinto Gadget_Repair(Repair_Date, Gadget_Id, Details,Time_Taken, Technician_Id,Cost)Values( ‘01-Dec-
11’, 2007, ‘Repair’, 112,2002,50);
Question 6
Insert involving NULL.
Insertinto Supplier(Annual_Turnover,Name, Country, Web_Site, Address, Year_Founded, Specialism,
Supplier_Id)Values(60000,‘Techo’, ‘Ireland’,‘www.techo.com’, ‘Dublin’, NULL, ‘Servers’, 84);

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Question 7
Insert attempting to violate a foreign key.
Insertinto Gadget(Gadget_Id, Hard_Disk_Size_Inches,RAM_Size, Screen_Size_Inches, Cost_Price,
Expected_Life, Date_Purchased, Sound_Card, Video_Card, Name, Type, Operating_System, Supplier_Id,
Internet_Cafe_Id, Resale_Value)Values (2500,3.5, 3, 17.5, 650,38, '13-Nov-10', 'Yes','No', 'Acer', ‘Laptop’,
‘Vista’, 53,200,650);
Insertinto Gadget(Gadget_Id, Hard_Disk_Size_Inches,RAM_Size, Screen_Size_Inches, Cost_Price,
Expected_Life, Date_Purchased, Sound_Card, Video_Card, Name, Type, Operating_System, Supplier_Id,
Internet_Cafe_Id, Resale_Value )Values (2500,3.5, 3, 17.5, 650,38, '13-Nov-10', 'Yes', 'No', 'Acer', ‘Laptop’,
‘Vista’, 53,104,650);
Rollback;

62
Question 8
Show the details and costfor gadget repair for technician 2006 and then attempt to update to 2020,then
successfully updateto 2007….
Select Details,Cost
From Gadget_Repair
Update Gadget_Repair
Set Technician_Id=2020
Update Gadget_Repair
Set Technician_Id=2007
Rollback;

63
Question 9
Attempt to update a primary key for a parent that has children.
Select Name, Address
From Supplier
Where Supplier_Id=55;
Update Supplier
Set Supplier_Id=56
Where Supplier_Id=55;

64
Question 10
On Delete Cascade feature for all foreign keys
Delete
From Gadget
From Supplier
Where Annual_Turnover< 58000
Select Count(*)
From Cafe_User_Booking;
Select Count(*)
From Gadget;

65
Select Count(*)
From Supplier;
Select Count(*)
Where Gadget_Id=1000;
Select Count(*)
From Gadget

66
Select Count(*)
From Supplier
Where Supplier.Supplier_IdIN(
From Gadget
Where Gadget_Id=1000);
Delete From Cafe_User_Booking

67
Delete
From Gadget
Delete
From Supplier
Where Supplier.Supplier_IdIN(
From Gadget
Where Gadget_Id=1000);

68
Rollback;

69
14. Views
Question 1
Create a vertical view to show the name, address, country, specialism and annual turnover for the supplier of
laptops.
Drop View Supplier_Laptops;
Create View Supplier_Laptops As
Select Name, Address,Country, Specialism,Annual_Turnover
From Supplier;
Select Name, Country, Address, Specialism,Annual_Turnover
From Supplier_Laptops;

70
Question 2
Create a horizontal view using all columns in the supplier table.
Drop View Supplier_Laptops;
Create View Supplier_Laptops(Supplier_Id,Name, Address,Country, Web_Site, Year_Founded,
Specialism,Annual_Turnover,Monthly_Wage)As
Select Supplier_Id,Name, Address,Country, Web_Site, Year_Founded, Specialism,Annual_Turnover,
Annual_Turnover/12
From Supplier
Where Specialism=’Laptops’
And Year_Founded<2005;
Select *
From Supplier_Laptops;

71
Question 3
Create a view based on a join of at least three tables.
Drop View Supplier_Gadget_Cafe_User_Book; As
Create View Supplier_Gadget_Cafe_User_Book As
Select Supplier.Name, Supplier.Country,Gadget.Type, Gadget.Cost_Price, Cafe_User_Booking.Amount_Due,
Cafe_User_Booking.Activity, Cafe_User_Booking.Payment_Method
From Supplier,Gadget, Cafe_User_Booking
Where Supplier.Supplier_Id=Gadget.Supplier_Id
And Gadget.Gadget_Id=Cafe_User_Booking.Gadget_Id;
Select *
From Supplier_Gadget_Cafe_User_Book;
Select Supplier.Name, Gadget.Type, Cafe_User_Booking.Activity
From Supplier_Gadget_ Cafe_User_Booking;

72
Question 4
Create a view based on a summary query.
Drop View Gadget_Repair_Time_Cost;
Create View Gadget_Repair_Time_Cost As
Select Details,Max(Time_Taken) Max_Time, Min(Time_Taken)Min_Time, Avg(Cost) Avg_Cost
Group By Details;
DescribeGadget_Repair_Time_Cost;
Select *
From Gadget_Repair_Time_Cost;

73
Question 5
Create a view based on a singletablethat doesn’t have a WITH CHECK OPTION clause and attempt an insert
and update.
Drop View Internet_Cafe_Opened_County;
Create View Internet_Cafe_Opened_County As
Select Internet_Cafe_Id, Name,Year_Opened, County, Rate_Per_Hour, Facilities
From Internet_Cafe
And Name LIKE ‘%n%’
And County IN(’Roscommon’,’Clare’);
Select Count(*)
From Internet_Cafe_Opened_County;
Select *
Insertinto Internet_Cafe_Opened_County(Internet_Cafe_Id, Name,Year_Opened, County, Rate_Per_Hour,
Facilities)
Values(259,‘Techet’, 2003, ‘Sligo’,4, ‘Drinks’);

74
Facilities)
Values(256,‘Cruising’,2007,‘Roscommon’, 4, ‘Drinks’);
Select Count(*)
Select *
UPDATE
Update Internet_Cafe_Opened_County
Set County=’Galway’
Where County=’Roscommon’;

75
Set Name=’Techno’
Where Name= ‘Gamestation Cafe’;
In this view all the inserts and updates succeeded even though some of them did not meet the conditions
outlined, this was because the view did not contain a with check option

76
Question 6
Create the same view but include a WITH CHECK OPTION for an insert, update and delete.
Drop View Internet_Cafe_Opened_County;
Create View Internet_Cafe_Opened_County As
Select Internet_Cafe_Id, Name,Year_Opened, County, Rate_Per_Hour, Facilities
From Internet_Cafe
And Name LIKE ‘%n%’
And County IN(’Roscommon’,’Clare’)
With Check Option;
Facilities)
Values(259,‘Techet’, 2003, ‘Sligo’,‘4’, ‘Drinks’);
Facilities)
Values(256,‘Cruising’,2007,‘Roscommon’, 4, ‘Drinks’);

77
Select Count(*)
Select *
UPDATE
Set County=’Galway’
Set Name=’Techno’
Where Name= ‘Gamestation Cafe’;

78
DELETE
Delete
From Internet_Cafe_Opened_County
Where Internet_Cafe_Id=103;
Delete
From Internet_Cafe_Opened_County
The insert that doesn’t comply with the where clause restriction will fail due to the with check option(where-
clause violation) The insert which should comply will simply be inserted. The same can be said for the
updates….the first one which did not meet the conditions failed due to the check option again, however the
one which met the conditions in the view updated without any problem.

79
Question 7
Attempt an invalid insert into a view containing a WITH CHECK OPTION clause, demonstrating when it succeeds
and fails.
Drop View Supplier_Canada;
Create View Supplier_Canada As
Select Supplier_Id,Annual_Turnover, Name, Country, Web_Site, Address, Year_Founded, Specialism
From Supplier
With Check Option;
Select *
From Supplier_Canada;
Insertinto Supplier_Canada(Supplier_Id,Annual_Turnover,Name, Country, Web_Site, Address, Year_Founded,
Specialism)Values(84,60000,‘Techo’, ‘Canada’,‘www.techo.com’, ‘Dublin’, 2006,‘Servers’);
Insertinto Supplier_Canada(Supplier_Id,Annual_Turnover,Name, Country, Web_Site, Address, Year_Founded,
Specialism)Values(50,60000,‘Techo’, ‘Ireland’,‘www.techo.com’, ‘Dublin’, 2006,‘Servers’);

80
Question 8
Attempt an invalid update into a view containing a WITH CHECK OPTION clause, also showing the update when
it succeeds.
Drop View Gadget_Repair_Details;
Create View Gadget_Repair_Details As
Select Details,Cost, Technician_Id
From Gadget_Repair
Where Cost<50
And Details LIKE’%n%’
WITH CHECK OPTION;
Select *
From Gadget_Repair_Details;
Update Gadget_Repair_Details
Set Details=’Repair’
Update Gadget_Repair_Details
Set Details=’Re-install’

81
Alter Tables
Question 1
(Adding a column to a table)
Alter TableGadget
Add Region Varchar2(12);
Alter TableGadget
DROP Column Region;
Question 2
(Add a column with check constraint)
Alter TableGadget
Add ConstraintGadget_Region_CK Check (Region In(‘NORTH’, ‘SOUTH’,’EAST’));

82
Question 3
(Increasewidth of existingcolumn)
Alter TableGadget
Modify Region Varchar2(12);
Question 4
(Remove a column from a table)
DROP Column Region;

83
Question 5
(Drop a Pk constraintbut you need to drop Fk constraintfirst)
Alter TableGadget
Drop ConstraintGad_Supplier_Id_FK;
Alter TableSupplier
Drop ConstraintSupplier_Supplier_Id_PK;
Question 6
(Add the pk constraintyou justdropped)
Alter TableSupplier
Add ConstraintSupplier_Supplier_Id_PK Primary Key(Supplier_Id);
Alter TableGadget
Add ConstraintGad_Supplier_Id_FK Foreign Key(Supplier_Id) References Supplier(Supplier_Id);

84
Question 7
(Drop a Fk Constraint)
Alter TableGadget
Drop ConstraintGad_Supplier_Id_FK;
Question 8
(Disableand enablea foreign key constraint)
Alter TableGadget
DisableConstraintGad_Supplier_Id_FK;

85
14. Security
Question 1
(Grant select, update and delete to two students).
Grant select on Supplier to student145, student142;
Grant inserton Supplier to student145, student142;
Grant update on Supplier to student145, student142;
Question 2
(Grant permission on select to public)
Grant select on Gadget to Public;

86
Question 3
(Grant two conditions to one student)
Grant select, update on Gadget_Repair to student145;
Question 4
(Grant select with permission for the privileges to be passed on)
Grant select on Internet_Cafe to student142 with grantoption;
Question 5
(Grant a student select and insert to a view)
Grant select, inserton Supplier_Laptops to student142;

87
Question 6
(Grant an update and delete on a view to two students)
Grant update, delete on Supplier_Laptops to student142, student145;
Question 7
(Revoke privileges from one of the students)
Revoke select, update on Gadget_Repair from student145;
Question 8
(Revoke privileges from the other students)
Revoke select, inserton Supplier_Laptops from student142;

88
14. Transaction Processing
Time Session1 (client1) Session2 (client2) Observations
T1 Select Sum(Cost)
From Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From Gadget_Repair;
Both Client1 and Client2 can see the the
result-Sum(Cost)
T2 Update Gadget_Repair
Set Cost=Cost +10
Client1 has updated rows in the Gadget
Repair table, no other clientcan update
these rows until client1 completes the
transcation

89
T3 Select Sum(Cost)
From Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From Gadget_Repair;
Here you can see Client1 update rows
on the Gadget Repair table. Client 2 has
not yet been updated.
T4 Update Gadget_Repair
Set Cost=Cost +10
Where
Technician_Id=2002;
Here you can see Client2 is blocked as
the rows arelocked by Client1
T5 Select Sum(Cost)
From Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From Gadget_Repair;
T6 Rollback; Now client2 update will be processed as
the transaction is completed by client1
due to the rollback.Now Client1
updates arereversed whileclient2 is
now updated.

90
T7 Select Sum(Cost)
From Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From Gadget_Repair;
Client1 will nowsees the original while
client2 will seethe updates.
T8 Rollback;
T9 Select Sum(Cost)
From Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From Gadget_Repair;
Now client1 and client2 will both have
the same amount for Sum(Cost)

91
TIME SESSION1 (CLIENT1) SESSION2
(CLIENT2)
SESSION3
(CLIENT3)
OBSERVATIONS
T1 Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
All clients will seethis result
T2 Update
Gadget_Repair
Set Cost=Cost +10
Where
Technician_Id=200
2;

92
T3 Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
This will haveclientone with the
new update figureand client2
and 3 with the original figure
T4 Update
Gadget_Repair
Set Cost=Cost
+10
Where
Technician_Id=20
02;
This will notupdate as client1
updates arenot processed this
will stay in waitingmode until
client1 rollbacksor commits.

93
T5 Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
T6 Update
Gadget_Repair
Set Cost=Cost +10
Where
Technician_Id=20
02;

94
T7 Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Client2 and Client3 will notupdate
as Client1 has not been commited
or rollback.
T8 Rollback; Rollback; Rollback;

95
T9 Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
The updates have been rolled
back so now the 3 clients havethe
same figure.
T10 Update
Gadget_Repair
Set Cost=Cost +10
Where
Technician_Id=200
2;

96
T11 Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
T12 Update
Gadget_Repair
Set Cost=Cost
+10
Where
Technician_Id=20
02;
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;

97
T14 Commit;
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
When itis commited atclient1 the
update then runs for client2.
T16 Commit;

98
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Select Sum(Cost)
From
Gadget_Repair;
Client1 and Client2 have
commited so therefore updates
will occur for all threeclients.

99

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