• According to Jean Piaget, "play provides the child with the live, dynamic, individual language indispensable for the expression of [the child’s] subjective feelings for which collective language alone is inadequate." Play helps a child develop a sense of true self and a mastery over her/his innate abilities resulting in a sense of worth and aptitude. During play, children are driven to meet the essential need of exploring and affecting their environment. Play also contributes in the advancement of creative thinking. Play likewise provides a way for children to release strong emotions. During play, children may play out challenging life experiences by re-engineering them, thereby discharging emotional states, with the potential of integrating every experience back into stability and gaining a greater sense of mastery.

1. UNIT 14
SPECIAL PSYCHOTHERAPIES:
(Play Therapy, Group Therapy, Family Therapy, Psychodrama- intensive psychotherapy,
brief psychotherapy to children with hearing impairment)
Submitted to Submitted by
DR. SATISH K. HIMANI BANSAL
MVSCOSH MASLP IInd year

2. PLAY THERAPY:
◦ “Play provides the child with the live, dynamic, individual language indispensable for the
expression of [the child’s] subjective feelings for which collective language alone is
inadequate." -Jean Piaget
◦ Play as the main mode of communication
◦ Generally employed with children aged six months through late adolescence and young
adulthood (developmental disorders, depression, anxiety, etc.)

3. TYPES OF PLAY THERAPY:
Non-directive: non-
intrusive method
Directive: more structure
and guidance by the
therapist

4. PLAY THERAPY TECHNIQUES:
• Using building blocks
• Using art
• Sand play
• Board games
• Play with dolls
• Puppet play
• Tea party play
• Card games
• Strategy games like chess or checkers
• Hide-and-seek
• LEGO play

5. DRILL DRILL PLAY
Antecedent
Stimulus
Child’s
Response
Play as
Reinforcer
• Alternative form of drill that they call drill play.
• Play is used both as a motivational event prior to the child's
response and as a consequent reinforcer

6. GROUP THERAPY:
◦ A group of people meeting together to share personal stories and experiences with one another
◦ For everyone who is struggling with emotional or behavioural issues
◦ Such as art therapy or music therapy

7. BENEFITS OF GROUP THERAPY
Universality
Social skills
Coping
skills
Self-
esteem
Sharing

8. DEMERITS OF GROUP THERAPY:
Overwhelmed
or Stressed-
out
May Cause Unhealthy
Dependency
Peer Pressure
Can Result in Negative
Outcomes
Loss of
Individuality/
Privacy
May Cause Kids To Go Back To
Their Old Habits

9. GROUP THERAPY FOR HI
◦ Communicating with Hearing Loss Support Group (CHLSG)- group therapy program
◦ Goal- enhancing lives of adults living with HI and their communication partners
◦ Group consists of four individuals- mild to severe HL
◦ Auditory rehabilitation- education, auditory training, psychosocial activities and strategy
development

10. FAMILY THERAPY:
◦ Also referred to as family counselling
◦ A branch of psychology and clinical social work that works with families and couples in intimate
relationships to nurture change and development

11. TYPES OF FAMILY THERAPY:
Family-based Behavioral Treatment
Family-based Behavioral Treatment – Parent Only
Family Systems Therapy
Functional Family Therapy
Multidimensional Family Therapy
1)Multisystemic Therapy (MST)
Narrative family therapy
Psychoeducation
Brief strategic family therapy
Supportive family therapy
Transgenerational therapy

12. FAMILY THERAPY CAN HELP WITH:
• Behavioural problems in children or teens
• Changes within the family
• Communication problems
• Death of loved one
• Divorce, separation, or marital problems
• Parent-child conflicts
• Problems between siblings
• Parenting issues
• Stressful events or major life transitions
• Trauma

13. FAMILY THERAPY FOR HI
◦ At least one deaf child; optimal utilization of an interpreter
◦ Psychosocial and cultural aspects of deafness
◦ Facilitating communication between each family member
◦ Modify family rules that deny the implication of deafness

14. PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR HI
◦ “Behavioral approaches--cognitive conditioning, self-control techniques, thought-stopping,
cognitive re-structuring--may be of greatest use in working with deaf clients. Given the
cognitive and communicative characteristics of the target population, therapeutic work needs to
be performed in an eclectic and synoptical manner. Its prime objective lies in uncovering the
"deaf identity", in developing and protecting it.”
-(J Fengler, 1986)

15. PSYCHODRAMA
“A psychotherapeutic technique in which people are assigned roles to be played
spontaneously within a dramatic context devised by a therapist in order to
understand the behavior of people with whom they have difficult interactions.”
The goal is to help the patient achieve emotional catharsis, increased
understanding and improved interpersonal communications.

16. PSYCHODRAMA FOR HI
◦ In psychodrama, one “lives” a situation instead of verbalizing it; information is communicated by
means of signs, vocalizations, words, gestures, spatial boundaries, interactions, body movement
and facial expressions. Increased communication cues increase the chance of finding a “common
language” for the client-therapist and group members. Emotional expression also becomes
easier with less restriction on means of communication.
-(David F. Swink, 1985)

17. REFERENCES:
1. https://www.verywellmind.com/play-therapy-definition-types-techniques-5194915
2. https://www.healthline.com/health/play-therapy#for-adults
3. https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/play-therapy
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play_therapy
5. https://www.butterflybeginningscounseling.com/2020/11/30/benefits-of-group-therapy-for-kids/
6. https://mantracare.org/therapy/child-teen/group-therapy-for-children/
7. https://effectivechildtherapy.org/therapies/what-is-family-therapy/
8. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/family-counseling#what-to-expect
9. https://www.verywellmind.com/family-therapy-definition-types-techniques-and-efficacy-5190233
10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_therapy

18. QUESTIONS ASKED IN PREVIOUS YEARS:
1. Short note on advantages of group therapy in individuals with hearing impairment. 4 Marks
(2021)
2. Short note on psychodrama. 4 Marks (2017, 2014)
3. What are the featured of psychotherapy and give briefly the need for family therapy in
hearing impaired. 6 Marks (2016)
4. Short note on role of psychotherapy. 4 Marks (2010)

19. THANKYOU