Maded by mike

1. Solar panel and
solar cell
By:- mohit
singh

2. About solar
panel
A solar panel is a device that
converts sunlight into electricity
by using photovoltaic (PV) cells.
PV cells are made of materials
that produce excited electrons
when exposed to light. The
electrons flow through a circuit
and produce direct current (DC)
electricity, which can be used to
power various devices or be
stored in batteries. Solar panels
are also known as solar cell
panels, solar electric panels, or
PV modules.

3. About solar cell
A photovoltaic (PV) cell,
commonly called a solar cell, is a
nonmechanical device that
converts sunlight directly into
electricity. Some PV cells can
convert artificial light into
electricity. Sunlight is composed
of photons, or particles of solar
energy.

4. Some facts
• Solar Panels Work Fine
With Indirect Light
• Solar Panels Have Been
Around Since The 1940s
• Solar-Powered Homes
Reduce CO2 Emissions
• There are 23 times
more solar power
installations in the U.S.
than 8 years ago
• California Is The Best
State For Solar Energy

5. Installation rate
of solar panels
Total capacity
India added 7.5 GW of solar
in 2023, which is a 44.1%
decrease from 2022. As of
December 2023, India's
cumulative installed solar
capacity was almost 72 GW.
Statewise capacity
As of March 31, 2023,
Rajasthan had the highest
solar capacity at 16.1 GW,
followed by Karnataka at
8.5 GW, and Gujarat at 5.9
GW.
Solar capacity by type
In 2023, India added 9.8
GW of utility-scale solar
capacity and 2.2 GW of
rooftop solar capacity.

6. Consumption
• Installed Capacity:As of 2023, India's
total installed solar power capacity is
approximately 70 GW, up from around
40 GW in 2020. The country aims to
reach 100 GW by 2022 and 300 GW by
2030.
• Residential Adoption:The residential
sector accounts for about 20-25% of
rooftop solar installations, with
increasing adoption due to subsidies
and lower installation costs.
• Energy Production:Solar energy
contributes approximately 12% to
India’s total renewable energy
production, generating over 100 billion
kWh annually.
Production
• Manufacturing Capacity:India’s domestic
manufacturing capacity for solar PV
modules is around 15 GW per year, with
ongoing efforts to increase this capacity
under the Production Linked Incentive
(PLI) scheme.
• Import Reliance:Despite efforts to boost
domestic production, India imports
around 80% of its solar cells and modules,
primarily from China.
• PLI Scheme Impact:The PLI scheme has
allocated about ₹4,500 crores (~$600
million) to support the development of
high-efficiency solar modules and is
expected to add an additional 10 GW of
manufacturing capacity by 2025.
About power consumption and
production in India

7. Prons of solar panel

8. Some failure of
solar panel.
1.Microcracks: Fine lines on the
panel's surface, often caused by
physical impact or thermal stress.
2. Delamination: Blistering or
peeling of the panel's layers,
often caused by water ingress or
manufacturing defects.
3. PID (Potential Induced
Degradation): Reduced power
output without visible damage,
often caused by electrical issues
or environmental factors.

9. To increase its
efficency.
To increase solar panel efficiency:
1. **Use High-Efficiency Cells:** Opt for
monocrystalline, PERC, or bifacial cells.
2. **Optimize Installation:** Ensure correct
orientation, angle, and use tracking systems.
3. **Minimize Shading:** Avoid shaded areas
and use bypass diodes.
4. **Regular Maintenance:** Clean panels and
inspect for damage regularly.
5. **Enhance Inverter Efficiency:** Use high-
efficiency inverters or microinverters.
6. **Improve Cooling:** Implement cooling
systems and ensure good ventilation.
7. **Apply Anti-Reflective Coatings:** Reduce
sunlight reflection for better absorption.
8. **Energy Storage:** Use batteries and
connect to smart grids.
9. **Innovative Technologies:** Explore
emerging technologies like perovskite cells and
quantum dots.

10. How much you can save with 10kw
solar panel
In your case
considering you have
same inverter capacity
and DC capacity of
10KWp then you would
be getting 40–50 units
per day which is 1200–
1500 units per month.
And if you are selling
that energy at say Rs.
5/— per unit then you
will get Rs. 6000–
7500/— per month.
As a rough guide, a 10kW
solar power system can save
up to about $4,000 per year
on your power bills. But to
save $1,000 in a quarter, you
should use a lot of power
during the day, especially in
summer. Because of this,
many customers considered
adding battery storage to
their solar panels.

11. PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana: Apply
Online, Eligibility, Installation Subsidies,
Benefits
In the Budget 2024, the Finance Minister
provided that over 1.28 crore registrations
have been done under the PM Surya Ghar
Muft Bijli Yojana. The government will take
every possible step to achieve the target of
installing rooftop solar panels in 1 crore
houses at the earliest.
The Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman,
announced the launch of the ‘Rooftop Solar
Scheme’ or the ‘PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli
Yojana’ in the Interim Budget 2024-25. In the
full Budget 2024-25, the Finance Minister
reiterated that this scheme will enable 1
crore households to obtain free electricity up
to 300 units every month. This article covers
everything about the Rooftop Solar Scheme
or PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.

12. What Would Happen
if the Entire World
Started Operating on
100% solar energy?
According to an energy
expert from MIT,
Professor Xiao Yu Wu,
“The Earth receives
23000 TW of solar
energy, while the global
energy consumption is
16 TW. Therefore, a
100% renewable energy
operation could be
possible even if we
capture only 0.07% of
the solar energy”.
The concept of dysom
sphere
A Dyson sphere is a
hypothetical megastructure
that encompasses a star and
captures a large percentage
of its solar power output.

13. Dyson sphere
The annual global energy
consumption is estimated to 580
million terajoules. That's 580 million
trillion joules or about 13865 million
tons of oil equivalents..
A Dyson sphere could produce 1,026
watts per second, which is the
amount of energy a star can produce.
A Dyson sphere is a sphere that's
roughly the size of a planetary orbit
and could capture all of the sun's
energy. Scientists who study
extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI)
categorize a civilization with a Dyson
sphere as a Kardashev Type II, which
means it can use all of a star's energy.