The document discusses a study evaluating the growth of several ornamental plants in containers using different soilless substrate mixtures. Specifically, it compares a pine bark-based substrate amended with 11% calcined clay particles or sand. The clay-amended substrate resulted in greater growth for some species like hydrangea but not others. It also had improved water and nutrient retention properties compared to the sand-amended substrate. The study demonstrates the potential for clay additions to improve substrate efficiency in container production.