Telecommunication Technologies for Smart Grids

1. ‫ﺧﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎم‬
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2. Telecommunication Technologies for
SMART GRIDS
Version 2
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3. 3
‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬
‫دوم‬ ‫وﯾﺮاﯾﺶ‬

4. ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬
SCADA
‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎل‬ ‫دﯾﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬
‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬ ‫دﯾﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬
PLC
DSL
Wireless
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5. ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬
‫ﻧﻮري‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺒﺮ‬
LTE
5G
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﮕﺮ‬ ‫رادﯾﻮي‬
‫اﺑﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ‬
‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻤﺘﻮﺳﻞ‬
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6. ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬
BPL
‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬
Frame Relay
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7. ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬
ZigBee
Ethernet
Wireless LAN
WiMax
MPLS
Wireless Mesh
‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫رﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬
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8. ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
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‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫دﻧﯿﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫اﻣﺮوزه‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺲ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ‬.‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روﯾﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬.
‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ‫درﺑﺮﻣﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮه‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم‬.
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ،‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫وﻟﺘﺎژ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﻟﺘﺎژ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي‬‫اﻧﺮژي‬ ‫ﺑﺎزده‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬،‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮان‬‫و‬‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬،‫را‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬.
‫ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ‬ ،‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري‬ ،‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫رﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ،‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزدﻫﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻮد‬ ،‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎرت‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.

9. ‫ﺳﻨﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬
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‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫از‬‫آﻏﺎز‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫وﺟﻮد‬‫ﻣﺮز‬‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬،‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫و‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﺮده‬‫و‬‫در‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﺳﻨﺘﯽ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬‫ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫در‬‫آن‬‫ﻧﯿﺮوﮔﺎه‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫در‬‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬،‫زﻧﺠﯿﺮه‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬‫ﻗﺪرت‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﯾﺎن‬‫در‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬‫زﻧﺠﯿﺮه‬‫را‬‫ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺧﻂ‬
‫ﯾﮑﻄﺮﻓﻪ‬،‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﺳﻨﺘﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫اي‬‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬
‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﻧﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي‬‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬‫ﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫را‬‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.‫از‬‫آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫اوج‬‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫در‬‫ﮐﺴﺮي‬‫از‬‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬‫روز‬‫رخ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬،‫دﻫﺪ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻣﺬﮐﻮر‬‫ذاﺗﺎ‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ‬‫ﻋﯿﺐ‬‫ﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬‫از‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬،‫ﮔﺮاﻧﻘﯿﻤﺖ‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ‬‫از‬‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫و‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﻬﺎ‬‫را‬‫ﺑﮑﺎر‬‫ﺑﺮده‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻣﺘﺪاول‬‫از‬‫اﯾﻦ‬،‫ﻧﻮع‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬‫ﻧﻈﺎرﺗﯽ‬SCADA‫اﺳﺖ‬.

10. SCADA
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 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
‫داده‬ ‫ﮔﺮدآوري‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎرﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬
 SCADA systems are the backbone of many industries, including:
Energy, Power, Oil and Gas, Water, Transportation, Manufacturing and more.
 SCADA performs automatic monitoring, protecting and controlling of equipment with
the use of Intelligent Electronic Devices. It restores the power service during fault
condition, improves the reliability by reducing duration of outages and gives the
cost-effective operation of distribution system.

11. SCADA
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 The major components in SCADA system:
 RTUs (Remote Terminal Units)
RTU is responsible for converting remote station information (from sensors, meters, actuators) to
digital form for transmitting and converting received signals from MTU to control the equipment.
 MTUs (Master Terminal Units)
Central Servers that communicate with several RTUs by reading and writing operations during
scheduled scanning. MTU performs control, alarming and networking with other nodes.
 Communication Systems
Communication Networks – The medium of transfer can be cable, radio, telephone, satellite, etc.
 Operator Workstations
Computers consisting of HMI (Human Machine Interface) networked with a central computer.

12. SCADA
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SCADA Network Architecture

13. ‫ﺳﻨﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬
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‫اﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫و‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬‫آوري‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫را‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬،‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫در‬‫ﺧﺎرج‬‫از‬‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬‫آﻧﺎن‬‫ﻗﺮار‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬.‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎ‬‫از‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺣﺎل‬‫آﻧﮑﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬
‫دوﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬‫ﺑﻮد‬.

14. ‫ﺳﻨﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬
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‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻗﺪرت‬‫ﺳﻨﺘﯽ‬

15. ‫ﺳﻨﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬
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‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫و‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫ﺳﻨﺘﯽ‬

16. ‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
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‫ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫اﺟﺮاي‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬‫از‬:
.1‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﭘﺮدازش‬‫و‬‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﻣﻮرد‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫از‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯽ‬‫از‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
‫و‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
.2‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬‫ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ‬‫در‬‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬‫از‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
.3‫ﻟﯿﻨﮑﻬﺎي‬‫ﭘﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬‫ﺳﻨﮑﺮون‬‫دوﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬
.4‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬‫از‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬‫ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه‬‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ‬‫در‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫وﻟﺘﺎژ‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬
.5‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺧﻮدﮐﺎر‬‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬‫اﻧﺮژي‬‫ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ‬

17. ‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
17
‫در‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬‫داﺷﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺟﺎي‬،‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫اﻧﺮژي‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫در‬
‫آن‬‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن‬‫دارد‬.‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﯾﻨﺼﻮرت‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻫﺮ‬‫وﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﻗﯽ‬‫در‬‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ‬،‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬IP Address
‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬‫داده‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬‫آدرس‬‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫وﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﻗﯽ‬‫در‬‫ﮐﻞ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪاري‬‫ﯾﮑﺘﺎ‬
‫دارد‬.‫اﯾﻦ‬‫آدرس‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬‫ﺑﺮدار‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬‫را‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬‫از‬‫وﺿﻌﯿﺖ‬‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻊ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.

18. ‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
18
‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬‫از‬‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬‫در‬‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬،‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫از‬‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫زﯾﺮ‬‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬)‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬(‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬‫ﻻﯾﻪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫از‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬،‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫و‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬(Wide Area Networks)‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬،‫اﺟﺰاي‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬‫در‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮي‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬،‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫را‬‫از‬‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬‫آوري‬‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬‫و‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬.‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫از‬‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫از‬‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮد‬.

19. ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎل‬ ‫دﯾﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬
19
‫در‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬،‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﻬﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬‫ﮐﺮده‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.
‫در‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬)‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫در‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺤﻠﯽ‬LAN‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﮐﺎر‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫رود‬(،‫در‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻟﺤﻈﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫در‬‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎل‬‫ﻋﺒﻮر‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ؛‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬‫ﻧﻤﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺻﺪا‬‫و‬‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ‬‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬‫و‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫داده‬‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬.
‫در‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﻬﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫در‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻟﺤﻈﻪ‬‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬‫از‬‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎل‬‫ﻋﺒﻮر‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ‬‫ﺧﺎص‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻠﻮﯾﺰﯾﻮن‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎﺑﻠﯽ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫اي‬‫از‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن‬‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬
‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎل‬‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺑﯿﻨﻨﺪه‬‫ارﺳﺎل‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.‫در‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬WAN‫از‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ﻣﯿﺸﻮد‬.

20. ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬ ‫دﯾﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬
20
‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﻮارد‬‫زﯾﺮ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬:
 PLC (Power Line Communication)
 DSL (Digital Subscriber Lines)
 Wireless

21. PLC
21
‫در‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬PLC‫از‬‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬‫ﻗﺪرت‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﺪوﻟﻪ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫از‬‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﺳﯿﻤﻬﺎي‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬.‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎي‬‫داده‬‫از‬‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮر‬‫ﻧﻤﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻟﺬا‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬PLC‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺮﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫داده‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﻃﻮل‬‫ﺧﻂ‬‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫از‬‫ﺻﺪﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺖ‬‫در‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬‫ﻣﮕﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺖ‬‫در‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.

22. PLC
22
‫ﻗﺪرت‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬(PLC)

23. PLC
23
 Power line technologies can be grouped into Narrowband PLC (NB-PLC),
operating below 500 KHz, and Broadband PLC (BB-PLC), operating above
1.8 MHz .
 Power line-Related Intelligent Metering Evolution (PRIME) and G3-PLC
are more recent OFDM-based NB-PLC technologies, to cope with
increased AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) requirements.

24. ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬ ‫دﯾﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬
24
‫در‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬DSL‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬‫ﮐﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺟﺪا‬‫از‬‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬‫ﻗﺪرت‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫در‬‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬PLC‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﺎت‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬،‫دارد‬‫اﻣﺎ‬‫در‬‫ﻋﻮض‬‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫داده‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫و‬‫زﻣﺎن‬‫ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ‬‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﻮارد‬‫زﯾﺮ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬:
‫ﻓﯿﺒﺮ‬‫ﻧﻮري‬:‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎ‬)‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬155Mb/s – 160Gb/s(
‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬(Ethernet)
‫ﮐﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ﮐﻮاﮐﺴﯿﺎل‬:‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻣﻮرد‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﮐﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.

25. Ethernet
25
 Ethernet
• Ethernet is the traditional technology for connecting devices in a wired local area
network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), enabling them to communicate with
each other.
• A standard Ethernet cable is thicker than a phone cable and has an RJ45 connector on
each end.
Ethernet Port and Ethernet Cable

26. ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬ ‫دﯾﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬
26
‫در‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬Wireless‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬‫و‬‫ﺳﯿﻤﻬﺎي‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ﺣﺬف‬‫ﻣﯽ‬،‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫داده‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮﻫﺎي‬
‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬.‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫در‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬LAN‫ﻣﻮرد‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﻗﺮار‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫داراي‬‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬22Mb/s‫و‬‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬250‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬.

27. ‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬
27
‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬:
‫ﻧﻮري‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺒﺮ‬
LTE (Long-Term Evolution)-‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺮ‬
5G
‫رادﯾﻮي‬‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﮕﺮ‬-Cognitive Radio
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ‬‫اﺑﺮي‬-Cloud Computations and Services
‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬-IPv6
‫ﻓﻤﺘﻮﺳﻞ‬-Femtocell

28. ‫ﻧﻮري‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺒﺮ‬
28
‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮش‬‫روزاﻓﺰون‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻓﯿﺒﺮ‬‫ﻧﻮري‬‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ورود‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎورﯾﻬﺎي‬‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫ﻓﯿﺒﺮ‬‫ﻧﻮري‬‫و‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﻓﯿﺒﺮﻧﻮري‬‫ﻋﻼوه‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫آﻧﮑﻪ‬‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬‫را‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬،‫دﻫﺪ‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬‫اراﺋﻪ‬‫ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬‫از‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮐﯿﻦ‬‫را‬‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.

29. LTE
29
‫ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ‬‫روزاﻓﺰون‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫داده‬‫ﺣﻮزه‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺳﻤﺖ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﮐﺸﺎﻧﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﭘﺲ‬‫از‬‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻧﺴﻞ‬،‫ﺳﻮم‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬LTE‫ﮐﻪ‬‫از‬‫آن‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫ﺟﺪي‬‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﮐﺎﻧﺪﯾﺪاي‬‫ﻧﺴﻞ‬‫ﭼﻬﺎرم‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬‫ﯾﺎد‬‫ﻣﯽ‬،‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ‬‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫رﺳﯿﺪن‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬‫ﺗﺒﺎدل‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬100Mb/s‫اﺳﺖ‬.

30. 5G
30
‫ﻧﺴﻞ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬‫دﻗﯿﻖ‬،‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﻧﺴﻞ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‬‫ﻫﻢ‬‫اﮐﻨﻮن‬
‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﻧﺴﻞ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻃﯿﻒ‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ‬‫ﻧﺴﻞ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺎي‬
‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬)‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬6‫ﮔﯿﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬(،‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬)2‫ﺗﺎ‬4.5‫ﮔﯿﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬(‫و‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬)‫زﯾﺮ‬3‫ﮔﯿﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬(‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫از‬‫اﻫﺪاف‬‫ﻧﺴﻞ‬،‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫داده‬‫ﺗﺎ‬20‫ﮔﯿﮕﺎﺑﯿﺖ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬‫ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ‬
‫دﻫﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان‬،‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬‫ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ‬،‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﮕﯽ‬‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫در‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫از‬‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان‬‫در‬‫ﺣﺎل‬‫ﺣﺮﮐﺖ‬)‫اﺗﻮﻣﻮﺑﯿﻞ‬‫و‬‫ﻗﻄﺎر‬(‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﻧﺴﻞ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫رﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺟﺎري‬(streaming)‫در‬‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬‫اوج‬‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬‫را‬‫از‬‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﻓﺮاد‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬.

31. 5G
31
‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ‬5G‫اﯾﺮان‬،‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎري‬‫وزارت‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫و‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫و‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫اﯾﺮاﻧﺴﻞ‬‫در‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺎه‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫و‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫در‬‫ﺳﺎل‬1399‫راه‬‫اﻧﺪازي‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫اﯾﺮاﻧﺴﻞ‬‫دوﻣﯿﻦ‬‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ‬‫ﻧﺴﻞ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫را‬‫در‬‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰي‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫و‬‫در‬‫آﯾﻨﺪه‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪي‬5G‫را‬‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ‬‫ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻤﯽ‬‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ‬‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬،‫ﺷﻬﺮي‬‫اﻧﺪازي‬‫راه‬‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬‫ﮐﺮد‬.

32. ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﮕﺮ‬ ‫رادﯾﻮي‬
32
‫ﻋﺪم‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬‫از‬‫ﻃﯿﻒ‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ‬‫از‬‫ﯾﮑﺴﻮ‬‫و‬‫ﻟﺰوم‬‫ﭘﯿﺎده‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻧﺴﻞ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫وﺳﯿﻊ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬‫از‬‫ﺳﻮي‬،‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻓﮑﺮ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬‫از‬‫ﻃﯿﻒ‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ‬‫اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫رادﯾﻮي‬،‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﮕﺮ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻃﻮر‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪاﻧﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﻃﻮل‬‫زﻣﺎن‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﺶ‬‫ﻓﻀﺎي‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ‬‫در‬
‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮه‬‫اي‬‫وﺳﯿﻊ‬‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫در‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ‬،‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬‫ﺑﺮداري‬‫را‬‫از‬‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎي‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬.

33. Electromagnetic Spectrum
33

34. ‫اﺑﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ‬
34
‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬‫و‬،‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬‫و‬‫ﭘﺮدازش‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬‫ﺧﺎرج‬‫از‬‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺷﺨﺼﯽ‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬.‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫در‬‫ﺳﺮورﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺧﺎص‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﺪ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ارزان‬‫و‬‫ﺳﺎده‬‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬‫ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬‫ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﺑﺮي‬‫ﻧﺎم‬
‫دارد‬.
‫ﺷﺮﮐﺘﻬﺎي‬‫ﺑﺰرﮔﯽ‬‫ﭼﻮن‬،‫ﮔﻮﮔﻞ‬،‫ﻣﺎﯾﮑﺮوﺳﺎﻓﺖ‬‫آﻣﺎزون‬‫و‬IBM‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺻﺮف‬‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮآﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫در‬‫آﯾﻨﺪه‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬‫را‬‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺣﻮزه‬‫اﯾﻔﺎ‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ‬.

35. ‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬(IPv6)
35
‫رﺷﺪ‬‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي‬‫آدرس‬IP‫ﺑﻪ‬‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬‫از‬‫ﺳﺎل‬2012‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬‫آدرﺳﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬‫ﭼﻬﺎرم‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬(IPv4)‫ﺑﺎﻗﯽ‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪ؛‬‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬
‫ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي‬‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬‫در‬‫ﺣﺎل‬‫ﺣﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬‫ﺷﺸﻢ‬‫ﺑﻮده‬‫و‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﻼﻧﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬‫از‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.

36. ‫ﻓﻤﺘﻮﺳﻞ‬
36
‫ﻓﻤﺘﻮﺳﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬‫ﮐﻮﭼﮑﯽ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫درون‬‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫و‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺳﯿﻤﯽ‬(DSL)،‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮐﯿﻦ‬‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬)‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮن‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬(‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮار‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫درون‬
،‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬‫ﺗﺮ‬،‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻌﯽ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬،‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬
‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫داده‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان‬‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬‫رﺷﺪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫در‬‫آﯾﻨﺪه‬‫ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ‬‫ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ‬‫ﺑﻮد‬.

37. ‫ﻓﻤﺘﻮﺳﻞ‬
37

38. ‫ﻓﻤﺘﻮﺳﻞ‬
38
Femtocell Access to the Core Mobile Network via Broadband Internet

39. Femtocell
39
• A femtocell is a small cellular base station designed for use in residential
or small business environments. It connects to the service provider’s
network via broadband (such as DSL or cable) and typically supports 2 to 5
mobile phones in a residential setting.
• A femtocell allows service providers to extend service coverage inside of
your home - especially where access is limited or unavailable - without the
need for expensive cellular towers.

40. ‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
40
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬:
‫اﻣﻨﯿﺖ‬:‫ذﺧﯿﺮه‬‫و‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫اﻣﻦ‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻗﺪرت‬‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻣﻮاردي‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري‬‫و‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬،‫ﻗﺪرت‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي‬‫از‬‫ﺣﻤﻠﻪ‬،‫ﺳﺎﯾﺒﺮي‬‫اﻣﻨﯿﺖ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻗﺪرت‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫در‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.
‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬،‫ﺑﻮدن‬‫داﺷﺘﻦ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬‫و‬‫در‬‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬‫ﺑﻮدن‬:‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﺣﻀﻮر‬‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬‫اﻣﻦ‬‫و‬،‫ﻣﺪرن‬‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬‫ﺗﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﺮ‬‫و‬‫وﺟﻮد‬‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﮐﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬)‫از‬‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻓﯿﺪرﻫﺎ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬‫ﻫﺎ‬(‫ﻫﻤﮕﯽ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوم‬‫ﺑﻮدن‬‫و‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬‫ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺪ‬.

41. ‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
41
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬(Scalability):‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﯾﻨﮑﻪ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬‫زﯾﺎدي‬‫از‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬،‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮرﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﻏﯿﺮه‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﺑﺰرگ‬‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬.

42. ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
42
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫از‬‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫اﺟﺰاي‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮي‬‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺪه‬‫و‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺳﻪ‬‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬:‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎري‬/‫اداري‬.‫از‬‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫وﺳﻌﺖ‬،‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﮐﻢ‬‫و‬‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اراﺋﻪ‬‫ﻃﯿﻒ‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬‫اي‬‫از‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬‫اﻧﺮژي‬‫اﺷﺎره‬‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬.
‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ﻣﻮرد‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬‫از‬:
 Ethernet
 PLC
 BPL (Broadband over Power Line)
 Zigbee

43. BPL
43
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬PLC‫ﭘﻬﻦ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي‬‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬PLC‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬‫ﻣﮕﺎﺑﯿﺖ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﭼﻨﺪﺻﺪ‬‫ﻣﮕﺎﺑﯿﺖ‬‫در‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ‬‫را‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬‫و‬‫در‬
‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎي‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ‬(1.8-250 MHz) HF/VHF‫ﮐﺎر‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬BPL،‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﯽ‬‫از‬‫ﻗﺒﯿﻞ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎي‬‫وﯾﺪﯾﻮﯾﯽ‬،
‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﺻﻮﺗﯽ‬،‫ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺻﺪا‬‫روي‬‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬(VOIP)‫و‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬‫ﭘﻬﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫از‬‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫وﻟﺘﺎژ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬‫و‬‫وﻟﺘﺎژ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﯾﺎن‬‫ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﺗﺠﺎري‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫رادﯾﻮﯾﯽ‬‫ﺑﯽ‬،‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎري‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬،‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﭘﻬﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫را‬‫از‬‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﯾﺎن‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.

44. BPL
44
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬‫اﻧﺮژي‬‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬‫اﻧﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﺤﺪود‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬‫اي‬‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬‫در‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫ﭘﻬﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬PLC‫وﺟﻮد‬‫دارد‬.‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬‫از‬‫ﻧﮑﺎت‬‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري‬
‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ‬(Electromagnetic Compatibility)‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬PLC‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬‫ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬‫رادﯾﻮﯾﯽ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬‫ﺑﺎزه‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬‫ﻧﻮﯾﺰ‬‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮب‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬BPL‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﻣﺠﺎز‬‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫اﻣﺮ‬‫ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ‬)‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬(‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬‫را‬‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ‬‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬‫ارﺳﺎﻟﯽ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫از‬
‫ﺗﮑﺮارﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫در‬‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮ‬‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬‫را‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.‫در‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎي‬‫روي‬‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﺎت‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬‫دارﻧﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي‬LV‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬‫ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬‫ﮔﺬر‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫اﺟﺎزه‬‫ﻋﺒﻮر‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﺎت‬‫ﮐﻢ‬‫را‬‫ﻧﻤﯽ‬‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬.

45. ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
45
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫از‬‫دو‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﻤﺴﺎﯾﻪ‬(Neighborhood Area Network)
‫و‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ‬(Field Area Network)‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.
‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻃﻮر‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮل‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﻤﺴﺎﯾﻪ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫اي‬‫از‬‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫واﻗﻊ‬‫در‬‫ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫درﻣﯿﺎن‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﻮرﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬‫ﮐﺮده‬‫و‬‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬
‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﻣﺤﻠﯽ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬NAN‫داراي‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫دوﺳﻮﯾﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن‬
،‫ﮐﻨﺘﻮرﻫﺎ‬‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬‫ﮔﻮﯾﯽ‬،‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬‫ﻗﯿﻤﺖ‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﭘﻮﯾﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬‫از‬‫راه‬‫دور‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ‬‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫را‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫آورﻧﺪ‬.

46. ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
46
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬(Distributed Access Points)
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫وﻇﯿﻔﻪ‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬‫آوري‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫از‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬NAN‫و‬FAN‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫و‬‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬‫از‬‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬WAN‫را‬‫ﻋﻬﺪه‬‫دار‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬.

47. ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
47
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬(WAN)‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ‬‫از‬‫دو‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻢ‬‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﻧﺪ‬:‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
Core‫و‬Backhaul.
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬Core‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬،‫داده‬‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬‫زﻣﺎن‬‫ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫از‬‫ﻓﯿﺒﺮ‬‫ﻧﻮري‬‫دﻓﺎﺗﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰي‬‫و‬‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬Backhaul‫ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ‬‫از‬‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬NAN‫و‬FAN‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬‫آوري‬
‫داده‬‫از‬DAPs‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫را‬‫از‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪد‬
‫از‬‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬‫و‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬،‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬‫ﺣﺴﮕﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﻧﺎﻇﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬‫اﺳﮑﺎدا‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫در‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫واﻗﻊ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﻧﺪ‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬‫آوري‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.

48. ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
48
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬Backhaul‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫را‬‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬‫اﻧﺪازﻫﺎي‬‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮدي‬‫و‬‫ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ‬‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫دﺳﺖ‬‫ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ﻣﻮرد‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬‫از‬:
 MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)
 Wimax
 LTE
 Frame Relay

49. Frame Relay
49
• Frame Relay is a packet-switching technology offered as a
telecommunications service by long-distance carriers, used primarily for
WAN links. Frame relay can be used to encapsulate local area network
(LAN) traffic such as Ethernet frames for transmission over digital data
transmission lines for wide area networks (WANs) and can connect
multiple LANs to form a multipoint WAN. Frame relay technology was
originally a branch of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
communication technology.

50. Frame Relay
50
• Frame relay operates by breaking network data into packets and tagging
each packet with a destination address. Each packet is then relayed
through the switching nodes. The packets are reassembled into the correct
order at their destination. Frame relay leaves error correction up to the
station endpoints in order to speed up WAN communications.
• The FRAD (Frame Relay Access Device) connects the customer site to an
Edge Switch (ES) on the provider’s cloud (the collection of all frame relay
circuits belonging to provider).
• Frame relay implementations usually follow mesh topology.
 Relay: receive and pass on information

51. Frame Relay
51
Frame Relay WAN link

52. ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
52
‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫وﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬‫دو‬‫راه‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬‫و‬‫ﮐﺎﺑﻠﯽ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺘﻬﺎي‬‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬.‫در‬‫ﺑﻌﻀﯽ‬‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬
‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬‫داراي‬‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮﯾﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﮐﺎﺑﻠﯽ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬‫ﺗﺮ‬‫و‬‫راﺣﺖ‬‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﺑﻮدن‬
‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬.‫اﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ‬‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮﻫﺎي‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬‫از‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫رﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫از‬‫ﻃﺮف‬‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬‫روﺷﻬﺎي‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﮐﺎﺑﻠﯽ‬‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬‫ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬‫اﻣﻮاج‬‫ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ‬.

53. ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
53
‫دو‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫در‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻮرد‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬‫اﺳﺖ‬:
‫اوﻟﯿﻦ‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫از‬‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮرﻫﺎي‬‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺳﻤﺖ‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫و‬‫دوم‬
‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫اوﻟﯿﻦ‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫از‬‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﻗﺪرت‬(PLC)‫و‬‫اﻣﻮاج‬‫رادﯾﻮﯾﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
(Low Power - Radio Frequency)‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮد‬.‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫دوم‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‬‫و‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.

54. ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
54
‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻤﯽ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎي‬

55. ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
55
‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬

56. ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
56
‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫رادﯾﻮﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﻣﻮاج‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮاﺗﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬

57. ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
57
‫دورﺑﺮد‬ ‫رادﯾﻮﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﻣﻮاج‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬

58. ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
58
‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬

59. ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
59
‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪه‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬:
‫ﺳﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬IEEE802‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬:
 Zigbee, Ethernet, Wireless LAN, Wimax, Bluetooth
‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬(PLC)Power Line Carrier
‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬DSL
‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬(Mobile Communication)
MPLS

60. ZigBee
60
ZigBee‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬IEEE802.15.4‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺗﻮان‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ‬‫ﮐﻢ‬‫و‬‫ﻧﺮخ‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨﯽ‬‫دارد‬.‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ‬،‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﺶ‬،‫اﻧﺮژي‬‫اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن‬‫ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ‬‫و‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﺧﻮدﮐﺎر‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎر‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫آﯾﺪ‬.
ZigBee Smart Energy Profile‫در‬‫اﺗﺤﺎدﯾﻪ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬(NIST)
،‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ‬‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫در‬‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي‬ZigBee‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬‫ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ‬‫از‬‫ﻗﺒﯿﻞ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﭘﺮدازش‬،‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ‬‫ﮐﻢ‬‫و‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻮدن‬‫از‬‫ﺗﺪاﺧﻼت‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ‬‫وﺟﻮد‬‫دارد‬.

61. ZigBee
61
ZigBee‫داراي‬16‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎل‬‫در‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ‬2.4 GHz‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻫﺮﮐﺪام‬‫از‬‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬‫داراي‬5 MHz‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬
‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬.

62. Ethernet
62
‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬،‫ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ادﻏﺎم‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬،‫اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﭘﺮاﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬LAN‫ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻢ‬‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫راﺣﺘﯽ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ارﺗﻘﺎﺳﺖ‬.
‫اﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬‫از‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬‫زﯾﺮ‬‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬:
 Repeater, Hub, Bridge, Switch, Router

63. Wireless LAN
63
LAN‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬‫از‬‫اﺟﺰاي‬‫زﯾﺮ‬‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬:
‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه‬–‫ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬‫اﯾﺴﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫در‬LAN‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮار‬‫ﻣﯽ‬،‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻟﭗ‬
‫ﺗﺎپ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﮔﻮﺷﯽ‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫از‬Wi-Fi‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬(AP)-‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬‫از‬‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬AP‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮار‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.AP‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ‬‫دو‬‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪي‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫اﮔﺮ‬‫دو‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻫﻢ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮار‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺣﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي‬AP‫در‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫از‬‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬.‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﺘﻮان‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫را‬‫در‬
‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎس‬‫ﻣﻌﻘﻮل‬‫ﻧﮕﻪ‬‫داﺷﺖ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬.
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬(DS):‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫را‬‫از‬‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺪﯾﻦ‬‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﺳﺎده‬‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫و‬‫ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮏ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬.

64. WiMax
64
 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﻣﺎﯾﮑﺮووﯾﻮ‬(WiMax)‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬IEEE802.16‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫از‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻧﺎم‬Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.

65. WiMax
65
‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫از‬‫دو‬‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬:
‫ﺑﺮج‬‫واﯾﻤﮑﺲ‬
‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه‬‫واﯾﻤﮑﺲ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫آﻧﺘﻦ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه‬‫اﻣﻮاج‬‫ﻣﺎﯾﮑﺮووﯾﻮ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫از‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه‬‫واي‬
‫ﻓﺎي‬‫در‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻟﭗ‬‫ﺗﺎپ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه‬‫ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪه‬‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫اداره‬‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺮج‬‫واﯾﻤﮑﺲ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫از‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﻓﯿﺒﺮ‬‫ﻧﻮري‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫در‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫و‬‫اﻣﻮاج‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﺑﺮج‬‫ﺑﻌﺪي‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬‫واﯾﻤﮑﺲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺣﺪود‬50‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬‫رﺳﯿﺪه‬‫و‬‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫آن‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬75‫و‬15‫ﻣﮕﺎﺑﯿﺖ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.

66. WiMax
66
‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬WiMax

67. MPLS
67
 Multiprotocol Label Switching
MPLS‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﭘﮑﺖ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻗﺎدر‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮدن‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎزي‬
(Virtual Private Network)‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.VPN‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﯽ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ‬‫اﻣﻨﯿﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫آورد‬.‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ‬‫از‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي‬VPN‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬MPLS
‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬‫از‬‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻨﺎل‬‫دور‬(RTU)‫و‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬.VPN‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬
MPLS،‫ﺑﻪ‬‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬‫ﻗﯿﻤﺖ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬‫و‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﭘﯿﺎده‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬‫آﺳﺎن‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫روي‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫اي‬،‫ﻓﻌﻠﯽ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫راه‬
‫ﺣﻞ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬‫ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.

68. MPLS
68
‫ﺷﯿﻮه‬‫ﮐﺎر‬MPLS‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬‫اﻟﺤﺎق‬‫ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫داده‬‫درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫از‬‫ﻻﯾﻪ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻫﺪر‬MPLS‫از‬‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬‫ﻓﯿﻠﺪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫زﯾﺮ‬‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬:
‫ﻓﯿﻠﺪ‬‫ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬20،‫ﺑﯿﺖ‬‫ﻓﯿﻠﺪ‬‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﮐﻼس‬‫ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬3،‫ﺑﯿﺖ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺑﯿﺖ‬Stack‫و‬8‫ﺑﯿﺖ‬‫ﻓﯿﻠﺪ‬
‫زﻣﺎن‬‫زﻧﺪﮔﯽ‬(Time to Live).

69. Wireless Mesh
69
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻣﺶ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫اي‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎف‬‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬‫ازﮔﺮه‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫و‬‫ﮔﺮه‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﮔﺮوه‬‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﮔﺮوه‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬‫از‬‫دﯾﮕﺮان‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫در‬‫ﺻﻮرﺗﯿﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﮔﺮه‬‫از‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺧﺎرج‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫ﺑﺎزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬،‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﭘﯿﺪا‬‫ﮐﺮدن‬‫راﻫﯽ‬‫از‬‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﮔﺮه‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎي‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.
‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻫﺮ‬‫وﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻣﺎژول‬‫رادﯾﻮﯾﯽ‬‫ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬
‫ﺷﺪه‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬‫وﺳﺎﯾﻞ‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﻣﺠﺎور‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫را‬‫درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻫﺮ‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﮔﯿﺮ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫زﻣﺎﻧﯿﮑﻪ‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬‫آوري‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺗﮑﺮارﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬‫ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎل‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬‫آوري‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﭘﯿﺪا‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.

70. ‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫رﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬
70
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬‫ﻓﻦ‬‫آوري‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫اﺷﯿﺎ‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ﻋﻤﺪه‬‫اي‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫در‬‫اروﭘﺎ‬
‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫در‬‫اوﻟﯿﻦ‬‫دوره‬‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫در‬،‫اروﭘﺎ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫ﻫﺎي‬PLC‫ﺗﺴﻠﻂ‬‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬‫در‬‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫ﻫﺎي‬PLC‫ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي‬‫ﻋﻤﺪه‬‫اي‬‫دارﻧﺪ‬.‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫رادﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫زﻣﺎن‬‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬‫ﺗﺮ‬‫و‬‫اﻣﻨﯿﺖ‬‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬‫را‬‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬،‫ﻋﺎﻟﯽ‬‫ﺣﺘﯽ‬
‫در‬‫ﻣﮑﺎن‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دﺷﻮار‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ‬‫اراﺋﻪ‬‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬‫از‬‫ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫روز‬‫ﮐﺮدن‬‫ﻣﻘﺮرات‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ‬‫رادﯾﻮﯾﯽ‬،‫ﻃﯿﻒ‬‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪي‬‫را‬‫در‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫زﯾﺮ‬‫ﮔﯿﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬‫ﺑﺎز‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻧﺮوژ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﻮﺋﺪ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﮐﻨﺎر‬‫ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻦ‬‫ﻃﯿﻒ‬‫در‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ‬870-876‫ﻣﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬،‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫از‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫رادﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﺶ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫را‬
‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬‫ﮐﺮده‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.

71. ‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫رﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬
71
‫ﻓﻦ‬‫آوري‬‫رادﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﺶ‬‫را‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬‫ﮐﺮد‬‫و‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﻣﻘﺮون‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬
‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬‫ﮐﺮد‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫و‬‫اﻣﻨﯿﺖ‬‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.
‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬‫از‬‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ‬‫ﮔﺬاري‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬R&D‫در‬‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬،‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﭘﺮوژه‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫اﺷﯿﺎ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﯿﺖ‬
‫ﭘﯿﺪا‬‫ﮐﺮده‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.

72. ‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫رﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬
72
‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫دوﻟﺘﯽ‬‫ﭼﯿﻦ‬(State Grid Corporation of China)‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﻮر‬‫ﺑﺮق‬
‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫در‬‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫از‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬PLC‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬‫ﮐﺮده‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫از‬‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬‫ﺻﺪ‬‫ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن‬‫ﮔﺮه‬
(Node)‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫در‬‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎي‬‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬،‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ‬‫در‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬915‫ﻣﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬50‫ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن‬
‫ﮐﻨﺘﻮر‬‫ﺑﺮق‬‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬‫در‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.
‫در‬‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎي‬‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ‬،‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي‬‫ﻣﺶ‬‫ﺑﯽ‬‫ﺳﯿﻢ‬(Wireless Mesh)‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮرﻧﺪ‬.

73. 73

74. ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫رﯾﺰﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
•‫ﺗﺄﻟﯿﻒ‬:‫ذاﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮوز‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪس‬ ،‫ﭘﻮر‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﯿﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﻓﺴﻮر‬ ، ‫ﭘﺘﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺮه‬ ‫ﮔﺌﻮرك‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﻓﺴﻮر‬
•‫ﻧﺎﺷﺮ‬:‫اﻣﯿﺮﮐﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬
•‫ﻧﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬:1397
‫اﻧﺮژي‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬
•‫ﺗﺄﻟﯿﻒ‬:‫رﺿﺎﯾﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺜﻢ‬ ،‫ذﮐﺮﯾﺎزاده‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﺮﺿﺎ‬ ،‫ﻣﺪﻗﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎدي‬
•‫ﻧﺎﺷﺮ‬:‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫اﻧﺮژي‬ ‫وري‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬)‫ﺳﺎﺑﺎ‬(
•‫ﻧﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬:1394
74
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬

75. • https://techterms.com
• https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com
• https://www.dolcera.com
• https://networkencyclopedia.com
• https://www.researchgate.net
• https://networklessons.com
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