This document discusses entity relationship modeling and business rules. It defines key concepts like cardinality constraints, participation constraints, and supertypes and subtypes. Cardinality constraints define the minimum and maximum number of relationships between entities, like one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many. Participation constraints specify whether an entity's participation in a relationship is mandatory or optional. The document also explains how supertypes can be used to define common attributes that are inherited by subtypes in an entity relationship diagram.

1. Entity Relationship Modeling

2. Business Rules
Business Rules
Statement

3. Business rules
User Account

4. 1. Cardinality Constraints
 1:1
, 1:M, M:N
Cardinality Ratio
2. Participation Constraints --
- Total Participation Mandatory

5. Participation
Constraints
 branch total
constraints
staff
staff
M
 branch Isallocated staff
partial constraints

6. Mandatory Cardinality
Optional Cardinality
A A
A A
Mandatory One Optional One
A A
A A
Mandatory Many Optional Many

7. Constraints (min, max)
branch IsAllocated staff
( ,n) (0,1)
 branch
min=5
max=n
 staff
min=
staff

8. ER
EER
supertype
subtype

9. staff

10. Supertype
Supertype
Subtypes
Suptype Attributes
Subtype
shared by
supert Supertype
entity
subtype ype General
Supertype Entity type
Subty Subty
pe 1 pe 2
Attributes Specialize
Attributes
unique to
unique to
versions o
subtype 1 subtype
subtype 2

11. Attribue1 Attribue2
Attribue1
SuperType
Entity A
Entity
Attribue3
Attribue2
Attribue1 Attribue3
SubType SubType
Entity A Entity B
Entity B

13. 1. (Input Data)
2.
3. Entities Attributes
4. Business rules
Entity
5. Business
rules
6. ER Diagram