The document discusses cleaning action, including questions about when it can be used and on what materials. It answers that cleaning action is AC-only, can only be used on aluminum and magnesium, and will not clean grease or paint. It then provides more details about polarity settings and waveform selection for cleaning action.
The document contains questions about cleaning action and whether it can be used on different materials like mild steel. It then answers each question individually, stating that cleaning action can only be used on aluminum and magnesium, not mild steel, and only in AC mode, not DC. It will not clean grease or paint. The document also discusses mechanical cleaning and TIG welding of aluminum.
Brightstar Aluminum Machinery Co., Ltd is located in Foshan City, China and specializes in producing machinery for aluminum processing, including equipment for dross processing, profile polishing, dross cooling, scrap processing, thermal breaking, wood grain transferring, shot blasting, and molten aluminum transferring. The company can also provide complete solutions for aluminum melting furnaces, holding furnaces, extrusion lines, powder coating lines, and surface treatment workshops. As an innovator in aluminum dross recovery and profile surface treatment, Brightstar has many years of experience in R&D, manufacturing, and international marketing of aluminum auxiliary equipment and dross recycling machinery.
This document provides an overview of robots, including their parts, functions, and history. It discusses that robots are mechanical devices guided by computer programs to perform tasks like hazardous work, with precision and speed. The key parts of a robot are its controller, manipulator, end effector, power supply, and means of programming. The work envelope refers to the robot's range of motion. Historically, early automatons date back to ancient civilizations, while modern robotics began in the 20th century.
This document provides safety guidelines for a computer lab and CNC plasma torch class. It requests that all electronic devices be turned off during class to avoid interference. Only bottled water is allowed and must be stored on the floor. General safety rules include wearing safety glasses, work boots, wool or cotton clothing, only operating machines when authorized, and turning machines off when finished. It also advises not distracting operators and informing others of unsafe machine use. For the plasma torch, it emphasizes wearing gloves and welding goggles due to hot metal, removing fire hazards, and being careful loading the cutting bed.
The document describes an innovative LED lighting solution that provides higher quality light while reducing energy consumption and costs. It highlights three key benefits:
1) It gives a higher quality light through an original lamp design using solid state LEDs that can be adjusted for color temperature.
2) The high efficiency of LEDs substantially reduces electricity usage and lowers maintenance costs through a longer lifespan.
3) The superior light quality improves people's quality of life for work, study, and leisure, while using recyclable materials friendly to the environment.
This document outlines the agenda for a CorelDraw computer lab class, including:
1) Announcements about catching up on assignments and the structure of lecture and lab periods.
2) A discussion of positive and negative space in design.
3) An exercise applying CorelDraw shaping tools to combine design elements into a single closed shape.
4) A 20-minute design challenge and review of the important concepts covered.
5) Homework assigned on layer organization in CorelDraw, pricing design work, and project management.
This document provides guidance and assignments for Project 2 of a course. It includes instructions on using different text fitting and formatting tools in CorelDraw. Students are given assignments to take pictures of fonts in the real world, review Project 1 work, and complete a 20-minute challenge to tell a story using a single word formatted with different fonts. Homework includes reviewing CorelDraw tools, typography history, font terms, and electricity/plasma cutting concepts.
Monday, September 7th is the add/drop deadline with a refund for the safety course. Some suggestions for generating ideas included going for a walk in nature or with children, listening to complex music, being lazy, and ensuring enough sleep and a healthy diet. The next week's preview discusses robots and CNC, positive and negative space issues for cutting metal designs, project management, and tools in CorelDraw like guides, layers, exporting images, and the shaping tool for moving nodes.
The document contains questions about cleaning action and whether it can be used on different materials like mild steel. It then answers each question individually, stating that cleaning action can only be used on aluminum and magnesium, not mild steel, and only in AC mode, not DC. It will not clean grease or paint. The document also discusses mechanical cleaning and TIG welding of aluminum.
Brightstar Aluminum Machinery Co., Ltd is located in Foshan City, China and specializes in producing machinery for aluminum processing, including equipment for dross processing, profile polishing, dross cooling, scrap processing, thermal breaking, wood grain transferring, shot blasting, and molten aluminum transferring. The company can also provide complete solutions for aluminum melting furnaces, holding furnaces, extrusion lines, powder coating lines, and surface treatment workshops. As an innovator in aluminum dross recovery and profile surface treatment, Brightstar has many years of experience in R&D, manufacturing, and international marketing of aluminum auxiliary equipment and dross recycling machinery.
This document provides an overview of robots, including their parts, functions, and history. It discusses that robots are mechanical devices guided by computer programs to perform tasks like hazardous work, with precision and speed. The key parts of a robot are its controller, manipulator, end effector, power supply, and means of programming. The work envelope refers to the robot's range of motion. Historically, early automatons date back to ancient civilizations, while modern robotics began in the 20th century.
This document provides safety guidelines for a computer lab and CNC plasma torch class. It requests that all electronic devices be turned off during class to avoid interference. Only bottled water is allowed and must be stored on the floor. General safety rules include wearing safety glasses, work boots, wool or cotton clothing, only operating machines when authorized, and turning machines off when finished. It also advises not distracting operators and informing others of unsafe machine use. For the plasma torch, it emphasizes wearing gloves and welding goggles due to hot metal, removing fire hazards, and being careful loading the cutting bed.
The document describes an innovative LED lighting solution that provides higher quality light while reducing energy consumption and costs. It highlights three key benefits:
1) It gives a higher quality light through an original lamp design using solid state LEDs that can be adjusted for color temperature.
2) The high efficiency of LEDs substantially reduces electricity usage and lowers maintenance costs through a longer lifespan.
3) The superior light quality improves people's quality of life for work, study, and leisure, while using recyclable materials friendly to the environment.
This document outlines the agenda for a CorelDraw computer lab class, including:
1) Announcements about catching up on assignments and the structure of lecture and lab periods.
2) A discussion of positive and negative space in design.
3) An exercise applying CorelDraw shaping tools to combine design elements into a single closed shape.
4) A 20-minute design challenge and review of the important concepts covered.
5) Homework assigned on layer organization in CorelDraw, pricing design work, and project management.
This document provides guidance and assignments for Project 2 of a course. It includes instructions on using different text fitting and formatting tools in CorelDraw. Students are given assignments to take pictures of fonts in the real world, review Project 1 work, and complete a 20-minute challenge to tell a story using a single word formatted with different fonts. Homework includes reviewing CorelDraw tools, typography history, font terms, and electricity/plasma cutting concepts.
Monday, September 7th is the add/drop deadline with a refund for the safety course. Some suggestions for generating ideas included going for a walk in nature or with children, listening to complex music, being lazy, and ensuring enough sleep and a healthy diet. The next week's preview discusses robots and CNC, positive and negative space issues for cutting metal designs, project management, and tools in CorelDraw like guides, layers, exporting images, and the shaping tool for moving nodes.
This document provides an agenda and notes for a workshop on typography and graphic design. It includes:
- A presentation on typographic features like ligatures, swashes, ornaments and their appropriate uses.
- Discussions of typeface characteristics and how to choose a typeface based on a design project.
- Techniques for modifying text for improved design through methods like using small caps, oldstyle figures, initial caps, and adjusting spacing.
- Breakout sessions for participants to work on designs, get help from others, and continue practicing the concepts from the workshop.
The document provides announcements for an event on Thursday including Shel Silverstein's birthday, Punctuation Day, and opportunities to earn participation points. It shares a poem by Shel Silverstein and provides additional volunteer opportunities. It links to a video about making a mini plasma torch and discusses safety considerations. It asks questions about a WILIST activity involving changing polarity and speed during metal cutting. It concludes with reminders of homework assignments covering CorelDraw tools, typography concepts, and electricity/plasma topics.
This document summarizes the agenda for a class on fonts and typefaces. It includes:
1) Discussing the differences between fonts and typefaces, and giving examples of how different typefaces convey subconscious meanings.
2) Exploring how home computers have impacted the use of text and fonts.
3) Having students identify fonts and describe the moods they convey, as well as discussing a class project and homework assignment.
The document discusses project management and announcements for an upcoming class. It can be summarized as follows:
1) The class announcements discuss an upcoming project using 1/8" aluminum sheets and encourages students to have their first project ready to share.
2) Project management involves creating a plan to complete a project, including defining deliverables, listing tasks, estimating costs and timeline, and determining resources needed.
3) Executing the project plan involves monitoring time, costs, and quality and making adjustments if needed by potentially lowering quality or raising costs. The process is then reviewed once complete.
The document summarizes a class that covered pricing work, using CorelDraw tools to create shapes and text, and a design challenge. It discusses calculating costs to determine pricing, factors to consider like experience and competition, and creating a design in CorelDraw within guidelines. Homework involves practicing text tools in CorelDraw and researching typography.
The document describes two methods for organizing project files: the Project Folder Method and the File Format Method. The Project Folder Method involves creating a separate folder for each project and storing all files for that project within the folder. The File Format Method involves creating folders for each file format type (e.g. CDR, CDL) and storing files of the same format from different projects within the same folder.
The document outlines announcements for Thursday including allocating a minimum of one hour every Tuesday from 12 to 1 PM for project work time and that non-project work during this time is not allowed. It also announces the addition of a community option to visit Poet Laureate Park, look at metal art installations, and upload pictures or sketches.
The document outlines the process of developing a bench project from an initial sketch through multiple revisions of the design in a drawing software program. Key steps included tracing an original sketch, adjusting curves and angles to match the sketch, adding additional details like arms and legs, and exporting the finalized digital design to cut and weld the physical bench. Further requests for more benches led to reworking the design for easier construction, including changing from individual slats to a pattern to save on materials.
The document outlines the agenda for a class that includes discussing artists and ideas, reviewing the objectives of Project 1 to design and cut metal, a CorelDraw review, and guidance on getting started with the project. Students will have 1 hour of class time to work on Project 1, and there will be a 20-minute challenge where groups of 3 students use CorelDraw shapes to create a farm animal. The document ends by providing tips for finding inspiration, including taking walks in nature, playing with children, and establishing idea pools and networks.
This document provides an overview of basic computer skills, including how to use hardware components like the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also covers using software like operating systems and common programs, as well as how to perform tasks in applications like web browsers, email clients, and Canvas. The document outlines skills for basic web browsing, searches, file management, and more.
This document discusses gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and the use of direct current electrode positive (DCEP) polarity. DCEP lifts the oxide layer off of metals during welding, which solves issues caused by oxides. However, it also causes the tungsten electrode to ball up due to heat concentrating on the electrode rather than the workpiece. The document recommends using alternating current (AC) which combines the benefits of DC electrode negative (DCEN) and DCEP polarities to provide both cleaning action and good heat penetration during welding.
This document provides an overview and objectives for learning text manipulation tools in CorelDRAW, including defining legibility of text, creating titles by modifying text, and creating titles in metal. It outlines various text tools and basics, such as font versus typeface, font families, OpenType support, and working with artistic versus paragraph text. Additional topics covered include points as a measurement of text size, using text envelopes, converting text to curves, fitting text to paths, and techniques for improving text legibility and adding interest. Challenges of working with metal text are also discussed.
This document provides an agenda and notes for a workshop on typography and graphic design. It includes:
- A presentation on typographic features like ligatures, swashes, ornaments and their appropriate uses.
- Discussions of typeface characteristics and how to choose a typeface based on a design project.
- Techniques for modifying text for improved design through methods like using small caps, oldstyle figures, initial caps, and adjusting spacing.
- Breakout sessions for participants to work on designs, get help from others, and continue practicing the concepts from the workshop.
The document provides announcements for an event on Thursday including Shel Silverstein's birthday, Punctuation Day, and opportunities to earn participation points. It shares a poem by Shel Silverstein and provides additional volunteer opportunities. It links to a video about making a mini plasma torch and discusses safety considerations. It asks questions about a WILIST activity involving changing polarity and speed during metal cutting. It concludes with reminders of homework assignments covering CorelDraw tools, typography concepts, and electricity/plasma topics.
This document summarizes the agenda for a class on fonts and typefaces. It includes:
1) Discussing the differences between fonts and typefaces, and giving examples of how different typefaces convey subconscious meanings.
2) Exploring how home computers have impacted the use of text and fonts.
3) Having students identify fonts and describe the moods they convey, as well as discussing a class project and homework assignment.
The document discusses project management and announcements for an upcoming class. It can be summarized as follows:
1) The class announcements discuss an upcoming project using 1/8" aluminum sheets and encourages students to have their first project ready to share.
2) Project management involves creating a plan to complete a project, including defining deliverables, listing tasks, estimating costs and timeline, and determining resources needed.
3) Executing the project plan involves monitoring time, costs, and quality and making adjustments if needed by potentially lowering quality or raising costs. The process is then reviewed once complete.
The document summarizes a class that covered pricing work, using CorelDraw tools to create shapes and text, and a design challenge. It discusses calculating costs to determine pricing, factors to consider like experience and competition, and creating a design in CorelDraw within guidelines. Homework involves practicing text tools in CorelDraw and researching typography.
The document describes two methods for organizing project files: the Project Folder Method and the File Format Method. The Project Folder Method involves creating a separate folder for each project and storing all files for that project within the folder. The File Format Method involves creating folders for each file format type (e.g. CDR, CDL) and storing files of the same format from different projects within the same folder.
The document outlines announcements for Thursday including allocating a minimum of one hour every Tuesday from 12 to 1 PM for project work time and that non-project work during this time is not allowed. It also announces the addition of a community option to visit Poet Laureate Park, look at metal art installations, and upload pictures or sketches.
The document outlines the process of developing a bench project from an initial sketch through multiple revisions of the design in a drawing software program. Key steps included tracing an original sketch, adjusting curves and angles to match the sketch, adding additional details like arms and legs, and exporting the finalized digital design to cut and weld the physical bench. Further requests for more benches led to reworking the design for easier construction, including changing from individual slats to a pattern to save on materials.
The document outlines the agenda for a class that includes discussing artists and ideas, reviewing the objectives of Project 1 to design and cut metal, a CorelDraw review, and guidance on getting started with the project. Students will have 1 hour of class time to work on Project 1, and there will be a 20-minute challenge where groups of 3 students use CorelDraw shapes to create a farm animal. The document ends by providing tips for finding inspiration, including taking walks in nature, playing with children, and establishing idea pools and networks.
This document provides an overview of basic computer skills, including how to use hardware components like the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also covers using software like operating systems and common programs, as well as how to perform tasks in applications like web browsers, email clients, and Canvas. The document outlines skills for basic web browsing, searches, file management, and more.
This document discusses gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and the use of direct current electrode positive (DCEP) polarity. DCEP lifts the oxide layer off of metals during welding, which solves issues caused by oxides. However, it also causes the tungsten electrode to ball up due to heat concentrating on the electrode rather than the workpiece. The document recommends using alternating current (AC) which combines the benefits of DC electrode negative (DCEN) and DCEP polarities to provide both cleaning action and good heat penetration during welding.
This document provides an overview and objectives for learning text manipulation tools in CorelDRAW, including defining legibility of text, creating titles by modifying text, and creating titles in metal. It outlines various text tools and basics, such as font versus typeface, font families, OpenType support, and working with artistic versus paragraph text. Additional topics covered include points as a measurement of text size, using text envelopes, converting text to curves, fitting text to paths, and techniques for improving text legibility and adding interest. Challenges of working with metal text are also discussed.
1. Cleaning Action
Bill Sommer
• In the Beginning…
Cori Zandstra
• Cleaning Action in Action
Anna Tivol
• Cleaning in the Big Picture
2. Questions about Cleaning Action
• Can it be used on mild steel?
• Can it be used in the D.C. mode?
• Is it A.C. ONLY?
• Is it only used on Aluminum and
magnesium?
• And will it clean grease and paint?
4. Once More but Slower…
• Can it be used on mild steel?.............No
• Can it be used in the D.C. mode? …..No
• Is it A.C. ONLY? ………………………Yes
• Is it only used on Aluminum and
magnesium? …………………………..Yes
• And will it clean grease and paint?.....No
23. • Can it be used on mild steel?..............No
• Can it be used in the D.C. mode?.......No
• Is it A.C. ONLY? ………………………Yes
• Is only used on Aluminum and
magnesium? ………………………..…Yes
• And will it clean grease and paint?......No
this metal's hard, thin oxide layer gives it natural corrosion resistance.
The weld did not break through the aluminum oxide layer. This created a weld with the filler metal mixed in with the partially melted oxide to create the contaminated bead seen here.
The electrode is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply so the current flows from the tungsten electrode to the work surface. Positively charged argon gas ions flow from the work surface to the tungsten which puts too much heat into the metal and causes the base metal underneath the oxide layer to liquefy while the surface remains hard and impenetrable.
Direct current electrode posititive (DCEP) The electrode is connected to the positive terminal of the power source. The heating effect of electrons is now at the tungsten electrode rather than at the workpiece. The positive ions of the shielding gas bombard the workpiece, knocking off oxide film and producing a clean weld surface. * solves the oxide problem because the current flows from the workpiece to the tungsten, lifting the oxide off the material in the arc zone. very little penetration because the heat is concentrated on the tungsten instead of the workpiece so a shallow weld is produced requires a large-diameter, water-cooled electrode in order to prevent the electrode tip from melting but causes the tungsten to ball up at the end. Therefore, DCEP can be used for welding thin sheets of strong oxide-forming materials such as aluminum and magnesium, where deep penetration is not required.
AC, then, combines DCEN and DCEP to provide good heat penetration with cleaning action. The oxide is sandblasted away – as you can see in the following pictures. AC allows the electrode positive (EP) portion of the cycle to blast away the aluminum oxide while the electrode negative (EN) portion melts the base metal Do not start welding until the puddle has the appearance of a shiny dot. This indicates that the oxide has been removed and it is safe to add filler and move forward. Adding filler to the weld zone before the oxide layer is adequately removed will result in contamination.
Historically, though, AC has posed an obstacle to GTAW because the arc frequently extinguishes itself as the current reaches a zero point before reversing directions. Without any current passing between the tungsten and the base metal, the arc goes out and affects the quality of the welding arc – and the quality of the weld. To correct this unstable arc, welding manufacturers superimposed a low-current, high-voltage radio frequency ( NOT shown here) on top of the welding current. The high frequency is present continuously and acts like a pilot arc.
In 1974: the square wave increased the amount of time the arc spends at full-current flow in both DCEN and DCEP and eliminated the tendency for the arc to extinguish as it reversed directions by making the transition very quickly This greatly improved the stability of the arc and made square-wave technology the preferred method for GTAW of aluminum and other materials that form an oxide layer, such as magnesium.
Development of the advanced square wave further decreases the time it takes for the current to reverse directions, increasing arc stability even more and eliminating the need for continuous high frequency
four different waveforms currently available different types of welds because the wave shape affects the arc and puddle characteristics and the penetration profile. An advanced square wave (A) has very fast transitions between EN and EP and is good for fast travel speed - responsive, dynamic, and focused arc with better directional control forms a fast-freezing puddle with deep penetration A soft square wave (B) provides maximum puddle control. provides a smooth, soft, "buttery" arc with a fluid puddle and good wetting action puddle is more fluid than with advanced square wave and more controllable than with sine wave. The sine wave (C) permits welding with traditional characteristics. a soft arc with the feel of a conventional power source. good wetting action and actually sounds quieter than other waves fast transition through the zero amperage point eliminates the need for continuous high frequency The triangular wave (D) reduces heat input peak amperage while reducing overall heat input into the weld. quick puddle formation, low weld distortion, and fast travel speeds especially good for welding thin aluminum.
A feature called AC balance control allows you to tailor the EP-to-EN ratio. This wave is balanced with both cleaning and penetration. If you notice a brownish oxidation or flakes that look like black pepper in your weld puddle, simply increase the cleaning action. However, note that too much EP causes the tungsten to ball excessively and provides too much etching
Here, you can see the difference in welds between maximum cleaning and maximum penetration. Greater amounts of EN create a deeper, narrower weld bead, better joint penetration and a smaller etched zone. This helps when welding on thick material or when appearance (i.e. a minimal etched zone) is important. Setting an inverter's EN duration to the maximum level creates the potential to deliver more heat into the work, permitting faster travel. Lesser amounts of EN (e.g., more EP) remove more oxide and create a shallower, wider bead. Miller's Syncrowave® 250 and Syncrowave® 350 LX let you adjust EN values from 45 to 68% (32 to 45% EP).
Arc shaping capabilities are enhanced by improved balance control. On the left is the tungsten with a balled end, due to more time spent in the electrode positive (EP) part of the cycle, which creates shallower penetration. On the right is the tungsten with a sharp end, due to more time spent in the electrode negative (EN) part of the cycle, which creates deeper penetration and allows faster travel speeds.
Some TIG inverters, provide extended balance control . Operators can fine tune the duration of the EN portion of the cycle from 30 to 99 percent. AC Balance should be fine tuned according to how heavy or thick the oxides are. Some companies have even experimented with welding ferrous metals using AC TIG with a high percentage of EN. These metals tend to be contaminated, such as saturated with an oil, and benefit from just a few percentage points cleaning action.
The AC frequency controls the width of the arc cone. Increasing frequency above 60 Hz causes the current to change direction more often, which means that it spends less time per cycle in both DCEN and DCEP mode. By spending less time at each polarity, the arc cone has less time to expand. An arc cone at 400 Hz is much tighter and more focused at the exact spot the electrode is pointing than an arc cone operating at 60 Hz The result is significantly improved arc stability, ideal for fillet welds and other fit-ups requiring precise penetration. Decreasing the AC Frequency softens the arc and broadens the weld puddle for a wider weld bead. A Good starting point for working with adjustable frequency for the first time is between 80 and 120 Hz.
At 60 Hz, you can see the bead doesn’t quite penetrate the thick aluminum.
At 200 Hz, the bead is much tighter and penetrated the thicker metal.
Independent amperage (or amplitude) control allows the EP and EN amperages to be set independently. This precisely controls heat input into the work and even takes heat off the electrode. The EN portion of the cycle controls the level of penetration, and the EP portion affects the arc cleaning action. For example, when welding a thick piece of aluminum, the operator can pour 350 amps of EN into the weld and only 175 amps of EP into the tungsten. This allows faster travel speeds, faster filler metal deposition, deeper penetration, and the potential to eliminate preheating. Case studies about GTAW inverters with independent amperage control suggest that companies can cut production time by as much as two-thirds. Increasing EN while maintaining or reducing EP also permits the use of a smaller-diameter tungsten. This takes heat off of the tungsten and more precisely directs it into the weld. Companies have reported that this has allowed them to purchase thinner-diameter electrodes, which are less expensive than the thicker variety. This is an ADVANCED feature – it is very similar to balance control but offers more fine-tuning.